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Background: Melasma is a common acquired pigmentary dermatosis characterized by presence of symmetric, hyperpigmented patches, most commonly seen on the face. It is most commonly seen in young to middle aged females. The exact cause of melasma is not known, however a number of factors have been implicated in its etiopathogenesis. The effect of body iron stores on melasma is not exactly known. Although iron overload has been seen to affect skin pigmentation, effect of low body iron stores on skin pigmentation is unknown. In this study, we evaluated total body iron stores by assessing serum iron , ferritin and total iron binding capacity (TIBC) level among nonpregnant females with and without melasma. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional case control study was conducted in 2016 at Department of Dermatology, Government Medical College, Jammu for a period of one year. The study comprised of 70 non pregnant females with and without melasma . Serum iron level, TIBC and ferritin in the two groups were measured and compared. The severity of melasma was assessed on the basis of MASI score. The correlation between severity of melasma and derangements in iron profile were also assessed in the study.Results: Comparison of serum Iron levels in cases and controls showed lower levels in patients of melasma(58.84± 29.17) as compared to control population (82.26± 45.83) ;p<0.001. Serum ferritin levels were found to be lower in patients of melasma (20.06±18.64) as compared tp control population(42.29±30.08);p<0.001.Comparison of serum TIBC between cases and controls showed higher values in cases(424±58 98.33) compared to control population (384.45± 74.55) p<0.007.Also a positive correlation was found between severity of melasma as per MASI score and derangement in Iron profile. Conclusion: Serum Iron, ferritin levels were found to be significantly lower in patients of melasma compared to the control population whereas Total iron binding capacity(TIBC) was found to be higher in patients of melasma compared to the ...

Cigarette smoking is one of the leading causes of lung and blood cancers worldwide. A higher risk of pulmonary injury is associated with elevated lung iron and ferritin levels. Erythroferrone (ERFE) is a newly discovered tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily member produced by erythroblasts during erythropoiesis. Eventually, it suppresses hepcidin during enhanced erythropoietic activity. The current study investigated the relationship between serum ferritin, iron, and erythroferrone concentrations among adult smokers. This study included 76 selected adult cigarette smokers and 48 healthy individuals (non-smokers) as a control group. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA) biochemical techniques were used to accurately measure serum iron, ferritin, and erythroferrone. Cigarette smokers (CS) had a mean age of 42.75±2.92 years, while healthy control (HC) subjects had a mean age of 37.36±2.7 years. The findings have shown a significant increase in serum iron, ferritin, and EREF levels in CS (119± 4.30, 131.1±6.58, and 75.02±2.09) compared with HC (98.67±7.84, 85.50±4.12, and 65.74±2.25) respectively. This study has shown a significant positive correlation between serum EREF (P=0.0072, r=0.4089) and the duration of smoking <20 years and a moderate association between serum iron (P=0.1907, r=0.4511) and the duration of smoking <40 years. For the first time, this outcome shows increased serum EREF and overexpression by erythroblasts in subjects associated with smoking habits, along with increased serum iron and ferritin levels. An indicative correlation is found between EREF overexpression, iron overload, and hyperferritinemia with reference to the duration of smoking. The study also illustrates the interconnection between iron metabolism perturbations and ERFE overexpression induced by cigarette smoking.

Background & aims: Epidemiological data on iron status and cardiovascular disease (CVD) are still controversial. The aim of this study was to determine whether low serum iron (SI) levels are associated with an increased odds of first CVD event in a population at high cardiovascular risk. Methods: Case-control study design nested within the "PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea" (PREDIMED) trial. A total of 207 participants diagnosed with CVD (myocardial infarction, stroke or cardiovascular death) during follow-up period (2003-2010) were matched by sex, age and intervention group to 436 controls by incidence density sampling. Median time between serum sample collection and subsequent CVD event occurrence was 0.94 years. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry analysis was used to determine SI levels. In-person interviews, medical record reviews, and validated questionnaires were used to assess covariates. Multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of CVD were calculated with conditional logistic regression. Results: Mean SI levels were higher in men than in women (1224.0 μg/L vs. 1093.8 μg/L; p < 0.001). Among women, but not in men, the mean SI concentration was lower in cases than in controls (1008.5 μg/L vs. 1132.9 μg/L; p = 0.030). There was a gradual decrease in the multivariable-adjusted ORs of CVD with increasing SI levels (highest vs. lowest quartile: OR = 0.55, 95% CI: 0.32-0.93; ptrend = 0.020). This inverse relationship was more pronounced among women (highest vs. lowest quartile: OR = 0.15, 95% CI: 0.03-0.69; ptrend = 0.011). Conclusions: The present findings are consistent with previously reported inverse associations between SI and CVD. SI levels as an independent marker of short-term cardiovascular risk may be useful for risk assessment in older populations. Trial registration: www.controlled-trials.com; International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Number (ISRCTN): 35,739,639. Registered 5 October 2005. Retrospectively registered. ; This research was supported by the official funding agency for biomedical research of the Spanish government, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), through grants provided to research networks specifically developed for the trial (RTIC G03/140; RTIC RD 06/0045 "PREDIMED"), and JR14/00008, and through Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), and by grants from Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC 06/2007), the Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria–Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (Proyecto de Investigación (PI04-2239, PI05/2584, CP06/00100, PI07/0240, PI07/1138, PI07/0954, PI 07/0473, PI10/01407, PI10/02658, PI11/01647, P11/02505 and PI13/00462), the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (Recursos y teconologia agroalimentarias (AGL)-2009-13906-C02 and AGL2010-22319-C03 and AGL2013-49083C3-1-R), the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad-Fondos FEDER-Instituto de Salud Carlos III (UNGR15-CE-3380), the Fundación Mapfre 2010, the Consejería de Salud de la Junta de Andalucía (PI0105/2007), the Public Health Division of the Department of Health of the Autonomous Government of Catalonia, the Generalitat Valenciana (Generalitat Valenciana Ayuda Complementatia GVACOMP) 06109, GVACOMP2010-181, GVACOMP2011-151), Conselleria de Sanitat y AP; Atención Primaria (CS) 2010-AP-111, and CS2011-AP-042), Regional Government of Navarra (P27/2011), and Centre Català de la Nutrició de l'Institut d'Estudis Catalans. Hojiblanca and Patrimonio Communal Olivarero donated extra-virgin olive oil; the California Walnut Commission donated walnuts; Borges donated almonds; La Morella Nuts donated hazelnuts. ROLE OF THE FUNDERS: funding sources had no role in the designing and conducting of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; and preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript.

Adolescent girls constitute one fifth of the female population if the world.The prevalence of anemia in adolescents in disproportionately high in developing countries. The prevalence of anemia estimated at 9 percent in high development countries and in countries with low development the prevalence is 43 percent especially, in population group of school age children and adolescents, the prevalence rate ranges from 29.2 percent to 79.6 percent. Anemia is an indicator of both poor health and poor nutrition. Objective: Assess the effectiveness of integrated strategies on hemoglobin and serum iron levels on iron deficiency anemic adolescent girls Methodology: The present school based interventional study was conducted among school going adolescent girls who were pursing 6th to 10th standard in selected Government Girls high schools in Kurnool city. The first intervention is the four sessions of nutrition education on iron deficiency anemic and weekly iron folic acid supplementation for 12 weeks. These two interventions were implemented on subjects simenteniously to assess the effect on improvement of serum hemoglobin levels. Pre and post strategy hemoglobin and serum and iron levels were estimated to assess the effectiveness of strategy. The collected data was analyzed by using mean, standard deviation and paid ?t? test. Results: The results depicts that before implementation of integrated strategy, 40 percent (50) were having mild anemia and 60 percent (75) were having moderate anemia. After 12 weeks of strategy implementation 47.2 percent (59) were improved to normal hemoglobin levels, 45.6 percent (57) were improved to mild anemia and only 7.2 percent (9) were having moderate anemia. Conclusion: The high prevalence of mild and moderate anemia demands appropriate emphasis on covering high risk adolescents group to improve their iron status. It is quite important to strengthen health education on the consumption of iron rich foods and proper implementation of iron folic acid intervention proramme that would increase ...

Nanomaterials give rise to unique biological reactivity that needs to be thoroughly investigated. The quest for enhanced magnetic nanomaterials of different shapes, magnetic properties, or surface coatings continues for applications in drug delivery, targeting therapies, biosensing, and magnetic separation. In this context, the use of simple in vivo models, such as Caenorhabditis elegans, to biologically evaluate nanoparticles is currently in increasing demand as it offers low-cost and information-rich experiments. In this work, we evaluated how surface modification (citrate- and protein-coated) of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (C-SPIONs and BSA-SPIONs, respectively) induces changes in their toxicological profile and biodistribution using the animal model C. elegans and combining techniques from materials science and biochemistry. The acute toxicity and nanoparticle distribution were assessed in two populations of worms (adults and larvae) treated with both types of SPIONs. After 24 h treatment, nanoparticles were localized in the alimentary system of C. elegans; acute toxicity was stronger in adults and larvae exposed to C-SPIONs rather than BSA-SPIONs. Adult uptake was similar for both SPION types, whereas uptake in larvae was dependent on the surface coating, being higher for BSA-SPIONs. Nanoparticle size was evaluated upon excretion, and a slight size decrease was found. Interestingly, all results indicate the protective effects of the BSA to prevent degradation of the nanoparticles and decrease acute toxicity to the worms, especially at high concentrations. We argue that this relevant information on the chemistry and toxicity of SPIONs in vivo could not be gathered using more classical in vitro approaches such as cell culture assays, thus endorsing the potential of C. elegans to assess nanomaterials at early stages of their synthetic formulations. ; C. elegans N2 and E. coli OP50 were provided by the CGC, which is funded by NIH Office of Research Infrastructure Programs (P40 OD010440). The research leading to these results has received funding from the People Program (Marie Curie Actions) of the European Union's Seventh Framework Program (FP7/2007-2013) under REA grant agreement nº 303630 and cofounded by the European Social Fund. Authors acknowledge the funding from Spanish Ministry of Economy MAT 2012-35324 and FEDER funds, the Generalitat de Catalunya 2014SGR213, the COST Action MP1202, Ramon y Cajal grant RYC-2010-06082 (AL), China Scholarship Council fellowship (SMY, 201206150053), and FPU fellowship FPU12/05549 (LGM). ; Peer Reviewed

Background: Febrile seizure is the most common cause of seizure in children. Iron deficiency, by lowering seizure threshold, is proposed to be one of the risk factors for febrile seizure. Many studies have been done to determine the association of iron deficiency anemia with febrile seizure but the results are controversial. Hence, the present study was conducted to evaluate the association of iron deficiency anemia with febrile seizure in Nepalese children. Methods: A prospective age and sex matched case control study was performed in 68 cases of febrile seizures and 68 controls of febrile illness without seizure after calculating the sample size. The study was conducted from October 21, 2019 to October 20, 2020 in Pediatric ward and intensive care unit of College of Medical Sciences, Bharatpur, Nepal after obtaining ethical clearance from institutional review committee. Data entry was done in statistical packages for the social science version 20.Results: Mean of haematological parameters (haemoglobin and mean corpuscular volume) as well as mean of serum iron, ferritin and transferrin saturation were significantly less and total iron binding capacity was significantly high in cases as compared to controls (P <0.05). Iron deficiency anemia was significantly associated with cases (59.7%), with odds ratio of 2.5 (95% confidence interval =1.24 – 5.01) as compared to control (40.3%) (P <0.05).Conclusions: Iron deficiency anemia may be considered one of the risk factors for febrile seizure in children. Hence, Children with febrile seizure should be investigated and treated for Iron deficiency anemia.Keywords: Children; febrile seizure; iron deficiency anemia

Background: A subset of children with attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may present with impairing sleep disturbances. While preliminary evidence suggests that iron deficiency might be involved into the pathophysiology of daytime ADHD symptoms, no research has been conducted to explore the relationship between iron deficiency and sleep disturbances in patients with ADHD. The aim of this study was to assess the association between serum ferritin levels and parent reports of sleep disturbances in a sample of children with ADHD. Methods: Subjects: Sixty-eight consecutively referred children (6–14 years) with ADHD diagnosed according to DSM-IV criteria using the semi-structured interview Kiddie-SADS-PL. Measures: parents filled out the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (SDSC) and the Conners Parent Rating Scale (CPRS). Serum ferritin levels were determined using the Tinaquant method. Results: Compared to children with serum ferritin levels ≥45 µg/l, those with serum ferritin levels <45 µg/l had significantly higher scores on the SDSC subscale "Sleep wake transition disorders" (SWTD) (P = 0.042), which includes items on abnormal movements in sleep, as well as significantly higher scores on the CPRS–ADHD index (P = 0.034). The mean scores on the other SDSC subscales did not significantly differ between children with serum ferritin ≥45 and <45 µg/l. Serum ferritin levels were inversely correlated to SWTD scores (P = 0.043). Conclusion: Serum ferritin levels <45 µg/l might indicate a risk for sleep wake transition disorders, including abnormal sleep movements, in children with ADHD. Our results based on questionnaires set the basis for further actigraphic and polysomnographic studies on nighttime activity and iron deficiency in ADHD. Research in this field may suggest future trials of iron supplementation (possibly in association with ADHD medications) for abnormal sleep motor activity in children with ADHD.

Background: Maternal anemia leads to many adverse effects on the fetuses fetal complications. The mechanisms leading to increased morbidity include a decreased oxygen delivery capacity and the dysfunction of enzymes. The aim of this study to relationship between iron status of pregnant mothers and their newborns using a combination of several hematological parameters. Subjects and Methods: A hospital based descriptive type of observational study done on 50 singleton primi pregnant women at term gestation (37-42 weeks) admitted to labour room in government Medical College and general Hospital, Dungarpur (Raj.). General physical examination was done meticulously to assess maternal conditions regarding anemia such as nutritional status, pallor, edema and glossitis. Results: Our study showed that the male to female ratio was 1.28:1. Normal birth weight in baby was seen in 80% of cases. The spearman correlation of hemoglobin concentration was statistical significant in the newborns of mothers with hemoglobin concentration (

Malnutrition, anemia, and micronutrient deficits may be associated with Enterobius vermicularis infection. Hence, the subject has recently received a lot of attention. The goal of this study was to analyse the nutritional, hematological and micronutrient status of children infected with E. vermicularis. This research was carried out in Baghdad from October 2021 to the end of March 2022. The study comprised 100 children of both sexes, ranging in age from 3-16 years. All individuals nutritional status was assessed using the weight-for-age Z score and the height-for-age Z score. As well as cellophane tape samples and blood samples were collected from all individuals. The cellophane tape samples were examined under microscope for E. vermicularis detection. Whereas blood samples were processed to assess many factors which were: haemoglobin, ferritin, total binding capacity (TIBC), serum iron, serum zinc and serum magnesium. Results revealed significant correlations between E. vermicularis infection occurrence and each of age and gender, even though most infections were noticed among females and among those who were between 3-9 years. The results also showed that the nutritional status, based on weight for age Z score, was significantly (P˂0.05) related to E. vermicularis occurence. Moreover haemoglobin, ferritin, serum iron, serum zinc and serum magnesium were noted to have significantly (P˂0.05) decreased among those who were E. vermicularis positive compared with E. vermicularis negative group. While total iron-binding capacity (TIBC) increased significantly among E. vermicularis positive children. The current investigation revealed that E. vermicularis infection had significant implications on several haematological elements, as well as stunting nutritional shortages. As a result, a lower prevalence of intestinal parasite infection (particularly enterobiasis) among children would almost certainly benefit their growth, development and educational outcomes.

IFPRI3; CRP4; ISI ; HarvestPlus; A4NH ; PR ; CGIAR Research Program on Agriculture for Nutrition and Health (A4NH)