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This paper analyses the factors affecting for utilization of maternal healthcare services. Following is the section wise description of the paper. Firstly, the paper looks into socio-economic background of women. Secondly, the paper focuses on usage of maternal healthcare services by women. Thirdly, the paper also traces the factors affecting for usage of maternal healthcare services. Lastly, the paper concludes and suggests by emphasizing the significance of proper utilization of maternal healthcare services that it leads to better health of mother and their newborn child.

Focusing on the attitudes and experiences of American female diplomats and spouses, this book examines the social, political, and cultural dimensions of American interactions with the Middle East and North Africa in the five decades after the Second World War. A turbulent period, marked by conflicts associated with the Cold War and decolonization, it was also characterized by changing attitudes to women at odds with those in Moslem societies. The impact of those changes is explored throughout this book, principally drawing on personal oral histories included in the 'Frontline Diplomacy' collection, but reinforced by cables passing between regional U.S. embassies and the State Department in Washington DC

Many U.S. military women are exposed to unwanted sexual contact during military service, which can have important implications for mental health. Using data from the 2008 Department of Defense Survey of Health Related Behaviors, we employed multiple logistic regression methods to examine whether unwanted sexual contact was associated with stress, screening positive for mental disorders, or substance use, among active duty service women. The sample included 7,415 female military personnel, of whom 13.4% reported unwanted sexual contact (including any touching of genitals) since entering the military. After adjusting for potentially confounding variables, factors independently associated with unwanted sexual contact included military-related stress (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR] = 2.44), family/personal life-related stress (AOR = 1.78), and gender-related stress (AOR = 1.98) in the past 12 months. In addition, screening positive for depression, anxiety, posttraumatic stress disorder, psychological distress, and suicidal ideation or attempt were associated with unwanted sexual contact (AOR = 1.57–2.11). For drug/alcohol use, only misuse of tranquilizers/muscle relaxers (past 12 months) was associated with report of unwanted sexual contact (AOR = 1.35). Given the prevalence of unwanted sexual contact and corresponding adverse health outcomes in this sample of active duty women, strategies to create military structural/cultural changes and reduce gender-related stress and sexism are needed.

Includes bibliographical references and index

Reforms of public services such as health and education have been premised on the core belief that end-users are important agents of accountability, and incorporating their voice or choice in decision-making will improve service delivery. The notion of end-users present in many of the reforms is one derived from New Public Management (NPM) and public choice theory - that is, one of maximising individuals or households as undifferentiated units. Viewing individuals and households in this way makes the key agent of accountability on which the very reforms are betting invisible. It is overwhelmingly women who are responsible for households' access to public services. Women are not generic end-users but are subject to the unequal distribution of power within both the household and the community that constrain their agency, and that shape who is educated or who receives medical attention in the household. This article uses examples from Mexico, India and Brazil to illustrate the importance of considering women's voice and choice in public service reforms. The article then argues that when women form groups to ensure their needs are met more effectively, their voice at the local level can improve the responsiveness and efficiency of service providers, and produce better welfare outcomes. (IDS Bull/GIGA)