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For some years now we have happily noticed an increase in the number of persons with disabilities who are able to leave their homes. Current legislation has certainly given great impulse to this phenomenon. It has permitted access to schools and integration at the highest levels of school and university education. It was precisely by taking a cue from the experience of the University of Padua that it was possible to understand what interventions were necessary in order for people with disabilities to be able to fully use library services to the same extent as other users. Neither should it be forgotten that what is described can be altered in order to improve services also for the elderly who often, while not disabled in the strict sense of the word, do however have special requirements. The object of the exercise must be that of creating for the disabled user conditions that are as equal as possible to those of other users. Allowing libraries to offer services in the name of personal independence really does mean promoting a new culture of disability. There is an initial problem of communication, that is of how to let the user know about the material that he can use, of where he can find it, of the ways in which he can use it, etc.Let us just suppose that the flow of information comes from the Web site of the library: it is almost certain that persons with visual disabilities cannot access it and it is also quite likely that persons with serious motor difficulties in their upper limbs will find it difficult to navigate there. Let us now suppose that, in his or her search for information, a disabled user wants to communicate with the library: what steps must be overcome?. We will just concentrate on the three great types of handicap, that is on motor, visual and hearing disabilities. Users who fall into one of these "categories" should be able to enter the library, find personnel with whom to communicate, go through the catalogues, be able to sit at the consultation tables and be able to read. Even these simple activities turn out to be extremely problematic if catalogues are not arranged in the right way, if rooms are not prepared with suitable tables with adjustable heights, if computer and non-computer aids for the various types of disability are not purchased, and of course if all the architectural barriers that sometimes prevent actual access to a library are not removed. Extremely important is the presence of an expert librarian who will assist the disabled person throughout his or her research. Special skills which a librarian does not usually possess are however required: this is where the necessity arises to provide suitable training for some members of the library staff.The task of the librarian with regard to disabled users is not that of helping them to accept their disability or invent special rehabilitation therapies: his or her task is that of providing the disabled person with the same services as those that a non-disabled person expects. Taking for granted that some categories of people "are not able" to attend a library because they walk on wheels or read with their hands means committing a very serious act of discrimination against them. This act is even more blameworthy because it derives exclusively from the ignorance of simple perceptions. ; Da alcuni anni assistiamo, fortunatamente, all'aumentare della presenza di persone con disabilità all'esterno delle mura domestiche. Grande impulso a questo fenomeno è stato dato sicuramente dalla legislazione vigente, che ha consentito l'accesso e l'integrazione scolastica fino ai più alti ordini di scuola e alle università. Proprio traendo spunto dall'esperienza dell'Università di Padova è stato possibile comprendere quali interventi predisporre affinché persone con disabilità possano fruire interamente dei servizi bibliotecari al pari degli altri utenti. Non va dimenticato inoltre che quanto descritto può essere mutuato per migliorare i servizi anche nei confronti degli utenti anziani, che talvolta, pur non essendo disabili nel senso stretto del termine, manifestano necessità peculiari.L'obiettivo da perseguire deve essere quello di mettere l'utente disabile in condizioni il più possibile paritarie a quelle degli altri utenti. Consentire alle biblioteche di offrire servizi nel nome dell'autonomia personale significa realmente promuovere una nuova cultura della disabilità.Il problema iniziale è rappresentato dalla comunicazione, ovvero da come l'utente viene messo al corrente dei materiali di cui può fruire, del luogo in cui essi si trovano, delle modalità con cui può usufruirne ecc.Supponiamo che il flusso delle informazioni parta dal sito Web della biblioteca: quasi sicuramente persone con disabilità visiva non riusciranno ad accedervi e molto probabilmente persone con disabilità motoria grave agli arti superiori faticheranno non poco a navigarvi.Supponiamo ora che un utente con disabilità, cercando appunto informazioni, desideri rivolgersi alla biblioteca: quali step dovranno essere superati? Concentriamoci soltanto sulle tre grandi tipologie di disabilità, ovvero sulle disabilità motorie, visive e uditive. Gli utenti che rientrano in una di queste "categorie" dovrebbero poter entrare, poter trovare il personale con cui poter comunicare, poter girare tra i cataloghi, potersi sedere ai tavoli di consultazione, poter leggere.Anche queste banali attività si rivelano estremamente problematiche se non si provvede all'adeguamento dei cataloghi, alla realizzazione di sale con tavoli idonei regolabili in altezza, all'acquisto di ausili, informatici e non, orientati alle varie tipologie di disabilità nonché, naturalmente, all'abbattimento di tutte le barriere architettoniche che talora precludono anche il solo accesso alla biblioteca. Molto importante risulta inoltre la presenza di un bibliotecario esperto che segua la persona disabile durante la ricerca. Sono necessarie però competenze specifiche che solitamente un bibliotecario non possiede: ecco che si manifesta la necessità di provvedere a un'adeguata formazione di alcuni componenti del personale della biblioteca.Il compito del bibliotecario nei confronti degli utenti disabili non è far loro accettare la disabilità o escogitare terapie riabilitative particolari: il suo compito consiste nel fornire alla persona con disabilità gli stessi servizi che una persona non disabile può pretendere. Dare per scontato che alcune categorie di persone "non siano in grado" di frequentare una biblioteca perché camminano sulle ruote e leggono con le mani significa compiere un gravissimo atto discriminatorio nei loro confronti. Tale atto è ancora più meritevole di indignazione perché deriva esclusivamente dall'ignoranza di semplici accorgimenti.

L'autrice del libro When Rights Embrace Responsibilities. Biocultural Rights and Conservation of the Environment risponde ad alcune delle questioni sollevate da Francesco Viola e Gianfrancesco Zanetti nelle loro recensioni, pubblicate in questo numero della rivista. L'autrice si sofferma inoltre su alcuni temi discussi nel libro che richiedono ulteriori approfondimenti e su possibili sviluppi del concetto di diritti bioculturali. ; The author of the book When Rights Embrace Responsibilities. Biocultural Rights and Conservation of the Environment replies to the comments raised by Francesco Viola and Gianfrancesco Zanetti in the present journal issue. She also dwells on some topics of her book which deserve further clarification and speculates on possible future developments of biocultural rights.

This article reflects upon the actual problems linked to teachers' in-service training, which seems to be pervaded by the concern of specializing them according to even more restricted perspectives. Instead, scientific communication is actually developing systemic links and cross-relations, thus answering to the demand for transversal or at least integrated professionalism. The planningof in-service training requires us to deal with an apparatus that allows internal regulation of the educational system; moreover, it requires human resource policy. Accordingly, this paper offers some proposals for a comprehensive project aimed at the development of school staff's in-service training.It does so by abiding the perspective of life-long, continuous, global, permanent, cooperative, trans-disciplinary, adult-oriented training. The foreseen goal is that of widening teachers' expertise in the fields of personal and communal interaction with pupils, together with an increased awareness of the situated context, of the way institutions work, and of the general environment.It claims that, if she wants to support coherent political choices, one has to consciously face the need for an academic featuring of the system that permanently trains both teachers and trainers. ; Il contributo riflette sui problemi attuali connessi alla formazione inservizio degli insegnanti, che sembra pervasa dalla preoccupazione di specializzarli secondo ottiche ancora più settoriali, mentre vanno sviluppandosi rapporti e intersezioni sistemiche all'interno della comunicazione scientifica, e sempre più si avverte l'esigenza di promuovere, nei contesti produttivi scientifici, la formazione di professionalità trasversali o comunque integrate. E poiché progettare la formazione in servizio significa, innanzitutto,porsi nell'ottica di dover trattare con un dispositivo di regolazione interna del sistema educativo, e di dover pianificare, in sostanza, una politica del personale, il testo avanza alcune proposte per un progetto d'insieme per la formazione in ...

Lo scopo della ricerca ha riguardato la concezione, l'implementazione ed il test di nuovi concetti di interfaccia basati sulla Realta' Aumentata (AR) per applicazioni nei campi dell'industria e dei servizi, tenendo conto della rapida evoluzione dei sistemi e dei dispositivi inerenti a tale tecnologia in continuo sviluppo. Il risultato finale dello studio e' principalmente rappresentato da un "Video-Based Adaptive and Collaborative AR System", in cui (a) la tecnologia AR ottica (see-through) è abilitata alla ricezione di stream video multipli in tempo reale da differenti videocamere e/o display ("Video-Based"), (b) gli utenti condividono lo stesso ambiente ma sperimentano differenti visualizzazioni AR ("Adaptive"), (c) lo scambio di informazioni avviene fra tutte le componenti e fra tutti i livelli – fra gli operatori, nonché fra gli stessi ed i loro supervisori, quest'ultimi aventi il compito di ottimizzare le strategie di teamwork in tempo reale ("Collaborative"). Tale Sistema AR ha valore generale e può essere esteso a numerosi campi di applicazione del mondo dell'industria e dei servizi. Come casi di studio particolari, sono stati considerati i contesti "safety-critical" delle torri di controllo aeroportuali e degli elicotteri. In questo modo, la trattazione ha riguardato rispettivamente sia gli impianti di gestione/controllo che i mezzi di trasporto, oovero le due macro-aree in cui ricadono non solo tutte le applicazioni AR relative al campo aeronautico, bensì all'intero settore dei trasporti (terrestri, marittimi, aerei), sia di carattere civile che militare. Integrando stream video multipli in tempo reale all'interno dei layers virtuali della tecnologia AR ottica (see-through), la caratteristica "Video-Based" del Sistema AR implementato offre la possibilita' di colmare il gap di ricerca rappresentato dall'assenza di soluzioni ibride derivanti dalla fusione delle differenti funzionalità che caratterizzano entrambe le categorie distinte (rispettivamente tecnologia AR ottica e video) in cui vengono suddivisi tutti i dispositivi AR. ; The overall aim of the research was to conceive, develop and test new interface concepts based on Augmented Reality (AR) for applications in industry and services, taking into account the fast evolution of systems and devices dedicated to this quickly maturing technology. The final result of the PhD study is mainly represented by a "Video-Based Adaptive and Collaborative AR System", where optical AR technology is enabled to receive multiple live video streams from different cameras and/or displays ("Video-Based"), users share the same environment but experience different AR visualizations (Adaptive) and where information exchange happens among all components and all levels (Collaborative) - among users and between users and team supervisors, with the latter having the role of optimizing team strategies in real-time. This AR System has a flexible character and can be generalized and easily extended to many application fields in industry and services. The case studies here considered, namely related to the airport control towers and helicopters, have been developed in order to support in understanding the impact that the implementation of this kind of AR concept would bring to such safety-critical operations in the aeronautical sector. The "Video-Based" feature offers the possibility of integrating multiple live video streams in the virtual layer of an optical AR system and tackles the research gap represented by the lack of hybrid solutions deriving from the fusion of the different functionalities characterizing both the distinctive categories the whole AR technology is divided into, namely optical and video AR technology.

This research, conducted on behalf of IPRASE (Autonomous Province of Trento), aims at analysing changes that have affected over the past decade the figure of the teacher at an international level. It does so in relation both to the profile of the skills that identify his/her practice, and to policies introduced in recent years by several States to raise the level of accountability expressed by national education systems. The study is based on a comparativeanalysis, carried out by taking into account four European nationalcontexts that registered profound renewal processes in these years. These processes address the development of professional standards, as well as innovative models of initial teacher training, recruitment, induction, continuing professional development and performance management of teachers.The national scenarios selected are, respectively, England, France, Spain and Switzerland (Canton Ticino). ; La ricerca, condotta per conto dell'IPRASE (Provincia Autonoma di Trento), mira ad analizzare i mutamenti che hanno influenzato nel corso dell'ultima decade la figura dell'insegnante a un livello internazionale, in relazione sia al profilo delle abilità che ne identificano la pratica, sia delle politiche introdotte negli anni recenti da diversi Stati allo scopo di innalzare il livello di responsabilità espressi dai sistemi educativi nazionali. Lo studio si basa su un'analisi comparativa, condotta prendendo in considerazione quattro contesti nazionali europei che hanno registrato in questi anni profondi processi di rinnovamento. Questi processi riguardano lo sviluppo degli standard professionali e anche modelli innovativi di formazione iniziale, il reclutamento, i corsi introduttivi, la progressione di carriera e la gestione dellaperformance degli insegnanti. Gli scenari nazionali selezionati sono, in ordine: Inghilterra, Francia, Spagna e Svizzera (Canton Ticino).

From many years the construct of competence entered in the italian school as an educational target to achieve and around which rethink the teaching/learning paths.1 It is a complicated challenge that required and requires to the teachers of the schools of all levels a considerable commitement in terms of restructuring of consolidated practice in education and revision of the way of working inthe classroom. The paper proposes a reflection on the teacher's professional figure with particular reference to the methodological skills to be acquired in relation to this important paradigmatic change and to the importance of in service training for the improvement of those skills. In the firstpart we focus on the analysis of the teacher's professional figure and about the set of knowledge and skills that qualify him as such, with particular reference to the methodological skills required to meet the challenge of competence. In the second part we describe what is the challenge of competence and how this challenge is transposed by the legislature in the text of the National Guidelinesfor the curriculum in kindergarten and in the first cycle of education (September 2012). In the third part we describe an experience of in-service training for teachers of kindergarten and primary school which took place in the Comprehensive Institute of San Marzano sul Sarno with the aim toimprove the expertise in the didactic planning. In closing it tell about some products of this experience that have been developed by working groups during lab training hours. ; Nella scuola italiana da anni ha fatto irruzione il costrutto di competenza come traguardo formativo da raggiungere e intorno al quale ripensare i percorsi di insegnamento/apprendimento. Si tratta di una sfida complessa che ha richiesto e richiede agli insegnati delle scuole di ogni ordine e grado unimpegno notevole in termini di ristrutturazione delle prassi didattiche consolidate e di revisione del modo di lavorare in classe. Il contributo propone una riflessione sulla figura ...

At the end of February 2015 the Italian Information System for Security presented to the Parliament and published its Information Security Policies Report 2014. This contribution reviews that document, takes into consideration the most important points of the Report (especially dealing with risks and threats for national security – not only of terroristic kind – and the activities of Italian intelligence services) and analyses them in the context of the recent and deep changes of International Order and the evolution of Italian information services in the last decade.

The pilot study precedes a broader research aimed at identifying the effects on parenting and development of children between 0 and 3 years old (REC 2013/112 / EU), of an Italian policy against poverty. The goal is to describe the effects of introducing a specific parenting assessment tool (Roggman et al., 2013), in a participatory key, on socio-educational practices with vulnerable families with children aged 0 to 3. The results were obtained through semi-structured interviews with 19 professionals involved in a research-training-action experience. They indicate an improvement in observation skills and — the most significant — the creation of a new space for dialogue and reflection on parenting and children development. This latter reveals to be a scarcely addressed area in the context of policy interventions against poverty. Pedagogical, methodological and communicative challenges that emerge from the results are discussed. ; Lo studio pilota precede una più ampia ricerca volta a individuare gli effetti della politica del Reddito di Cittadinanza, sulla genitorialità e lo sviluppo dei bambini tra 0 e 3 anni (REC 2013/112/UE). L'obiettivo è descrivere gli effetti dell'introduzione di uno specifico strumento di valutazione delle competenze genitoriali (Roggman et al., 2013), in chiave partecipativa, sulle pratiche socio-educative rivolte a famiglie vulnerabili con figli in tale fascia di età. I risultati, rilevati attraverso interviste semi-strutturate con 19 professionisti coinvolti in una esperienza di ricerca-formazione-azione, indicano un miglioramento nella capacità di osservazione e, l'aspetto più significativo, la creazione di un nuovo spazio di dialogo e riflessività sulla genitorialità e sui bisogni di sviluppo dei bambini 0-3, che si rivela come un ambito poco approfondito nelle azioni finora realizzate nel contesto degli interventi di contrasto alla povertà. Saranno discusse le sfide pedagogiche, metodologiche e comunicative che emergono dai risultati.

"The new integrated childcare system between ambitious universalism and minimal realism" - Legislative decree no. 65/2017 represents a turning point in Italian childcare policy by instituting a system integrating Early Childhood Educational and Care (ECEC) services for children from 0 to 6 years old. For the first time the State is responsible for services concerning 0-3 years old, being committed to their expansion and to a substantial increase in the quality of all ECEC systems. However, the incremental approach adopted with realism by the reformers, the limited availability of funds and the partial shortage of professional and organisational resources of the Ministry of Education might convert these universalistic targets into minimal changes.

[Religion and military law: "conscientious objection" of Christians]. Starting from the analysis of the Passio Sancti Maximiliani, which bears witness to the refusal of the Maximilian conscript to provide military service for reasons not properly connected to idolatry, as for other Christian martyrs, but to Christian ethics, we intend to shed light on the other hand, on the discipline of desertion and, on the other, to outline the internal change in Christianity with respect to the military question. At first the Christians could serve in the Army in times of peace, evidently in the police services and the like, maintaining a distinction between the military, allowed to the Christian, and the bellare, not allowed. This separation will remain until the Constantinian turning point, from which military service will be completely accepted, leaving the exemption only for priests.

The Swedish library system is usually grouped in two main sectors: public libraries and special or research libraries. At present, each county has a regional library which integrates the town library services through interlibrary loans, carries out some activities for children and teenagers, manages services for the handicapped and the blind, runs permanent educational courses and organises conferences and meetings for library staff and council cultural committee heads. The three regional loan centres are hosted in the county libraries of Malmö, Umeå and Stockholm. These centres are charged also with interlibrary loan from research libraries and Swedish libraries abroad. The Stockholm Regional Loan Centre is charged with lending literature published in the languages of Sweden's ethnic minorities. Umeå hosts the repository library for literature with low turnover and for extra copies of books. The National Council for Cultural Affairs is responsible for government investment in the cultural sector and dispenses subsidies amounting to some 6 millions Swedish crowns to the three regional loan centres and the Umeå store library and circa 19 millions to the 24 county libraries (35% of county library activities are financed by government subsidies, the remaining 65% by the county councils) according to data for 1994. The public libraries are linked by a loan chain, which gives them access to the resources of a certain number of library systems in Sweden. This structure was developed to improve co-operation between public and research libraries. The 286 public libraries in the towns form the base of this organisation. Above them, there are the 24 county libraries and finally the three loan centres which also deal with the access to research library materials. Today, each of Sweden's 286 towns has a public library service, with a total of circa 2,000 library units and 46 millions volumes. This system may consist of a main library, small or large branch libraries, "book-buses", libraries in workplaces and hospitals (run in co-operation with the county councils), a home-loan service for those with mobility problems who cannot go to the library, a service for health institutes, the army and kindergartens. The tripartite library, which originated in Germany and is based on three level of density of deposit, is the structure which best characterises the Swedish library system. The most compact section is in the library's stacks; the second section is charged with the lending of library materials, with non-fiction classified and fiction in alphabetical order. The true innovation consists in the third section, the library "market": here the classification system is wholly eschewed and the literature is ordered in broad thematic areas. It is possible to group adult and children literature, fiction and non-fiction, books, serials and audiovisual materials.

The Legislative Decree No. 65 of 2017 Integrated education system from birth to six years old establishes to understand the educational services with a view by educational continuity. The Legislative Decree No. 65 it is proposed a progressive consolidation of the accessibility of educational services for children in early childhood. The main objective is to reach at least 33% ofchildren who attend a educational structure. The paper proposes a critical reflection on the real coverage of places in early childhood through the presentation of some statistical data. ; Il decreto legislativo n.65 del 2017 che definisce l'Istituzione del sistema integrato di educazione e di istruzione dalla nascita sino a sei anni rappresenta una rilevante normativa nella prospettiva di organizzare i servizi educativi 0-6 anni in modo unitario. Inoltre, si propone un progressivo consolidamento dell'accessibilità dei servizi educativi per l'infanzia, attraverso un loro riequilibrioterritoriale, con l'obiettivo tendenziale di raggiungere almeno il 33% di bambini sotto i tre anni di età a livello nazionale che frequentano una struttura socio-educativa. Il contributo, nel commentare i dati statistici disponibili, propone una riflessione critica sulla effettiva possibilità di disporre sul territorio nazionale una offerta in grado di soddisfare la domanda dei servizi per la prima infanzia.

The need to reactivate investments in the public works sector, in particular those aimed at developing the network of essential services for the economic and social life of a country, is backed up with increasing force by the various economic sectors facing a situation which is particularly difficult and delicate today. Even so, faced with the recognised validity of the request and the present economic trend, both national and international, there is not much hope for generous politics in public spending. In this framework one can insert a perspective capable of producing useful results: the involvement of private capital, both national and foreign, in the realisation of public works (either infrastructure or of an administrative nature), even in an urban context. Such a perspective takes us back to a project financing experience that deals with the possibility that public works, or at least works with a public relevance, can continue to perform their functions and spread their benefits even if they are realised with the help of private funds.

This paper outlines the EU regulatory framework and analyses current practice in four European countries in respect of public procurement and tendering of ferry services. Tender management for major ferry services resides with national government agencies, while tenders for smaller volume regional and/or inter-isles services are generally managed by local authorities and/or regional transport authorities. Operator selection criteria increasingly emphasises service quality aspects, and environmental impacts, as well as price (i.e. amount of subsidy required). There is a continued trend towards privately-owned operators providing and investing in essential ferry services, with an increasing role played by larger international integrated transport organisations. For transport authorities, ferry service procurement involves a continuous evolutionary process of specifying, offering, selecting, monitoring and reviewing services supplied. Based on the information collected and analysed, the authors have developed a 'tender route map' which explains the different stages and key issues concerning public procurement of ferry services.

The scope of this thesis is application and impact of tools used in a service company connected with Operations Management. In order to improve quality and company's performance, the Total Quality Management (TQM) tool was used. TQM and all the concepts of quality control provides innovation not only to the company's organization (process management, services design, strategy) but especially to human resources management improvement in terms of both, short (profits) and longtime development (quality). Analysis is based on two years' personal experience in a ABC company which provides services for Pharma and Medical Device industries. The process of examining began with organization's S.W.O.T. analysis that provides important information about company strengths and weaknesses (internal environment), threats and opportunities (external environment). This approach helped to create four improvement strategies. Subsequently, by further analysis of this company's structure, I have performed the organizational performance improvement that could be approached on three different levels: organizational, process and employee. I have made an accurate study of each of them and what is more, I have pointed out all the errors that might occur. Successively, a strategy in terms "to be" that shows the performance improvement after application of new strategies, was presented. Analysis of the different process in the ABC company showed problems with invoices issuing process. Due to this, I decided to execute an analysis of "Order Management" process using Operations Management tools like Flow Charts, Graphics, Diagrams and Tables. It showed clearly company's situation in that area and helped easily to identify errors that are possible to occur. The improvement strategy was prepared for each of three mentioned previously levels, due to careful investigation of the responsibilities of each actor that takes part in the analyzed process. An important conclusion, that can be made thanks to the profound analysis of this subject, based on the ABC company processes examination, is the importance of the well-functioning human recourses. It is of high importance to manage employees with the Leadership approach that is also one of the Total Quality Management philosophical elements. As a result it shows that in order to improve company's performance, it is necessary to provide employee's empowerment and commitment.