Suchergebnisse

However, with all the prerequisites for the development of tourism, Ukraine did not pay due attention to the development of this sector of economy. Due to this situation, the problem of increasing the tourist attractiveness of the territory remains urgent. Having an important potential of natural resources, historical and cultural monuments, considering the great importance of the tourism industry, it has been declared one of the priority directions of development of the national economy at the state level in Ukraine. Among Ukrainian scientists, the development of tourist infrastructure was studied by A. A. Beidik, M. P. Malskaya, A. T. Makarov, F. Kifiak, A. A. Lubitseva, S. P. Kuzyk, I. M. School. Certain infrastructure elements of the tourist and recreational complex of the Kiev region are analyzed in the works of L. M. Volovik, V. L. Glibovets, A. M. Poltavets, S. V. Rogovsky, etc. Pereiaslav-Khmelnitsky district is a territory of historical land, which is located in the eastern part of the Kiev region. It played a great importance in the processes of formation of Ukrainian nationality and state. This land was a source of inspiration for Taras Shevchenko himself and other outstanding heroes of Ukraine. It is over-saturated with both sad and joyful big events. Pereiaslav-Khmelnitsky district, without exaggeration, can be called a unique place on the map of our country. The purpose of the study is to assess tourist resources and develop the tourist infrastructure of Pereiaslav-Khmelnitsky district, to determine its role in creating the basis for the economic growth of the district as a whole and to improve the tourism sector in particular. The study of this problem is based on general scientific methods of knowledge of economic phenomena and processes (analysis and synthesis, system approach, dialectical method, etc.). It was revealed the conditions of formation and the current state of formation of tourist infrastructure in Kyiv region, in particular in Pereiaslav-Khmelnitsky district. It was made the comparison of the state of its components (communication network, accommodation establishments, and mass catering establishments). Without exaggeration, Pereiaslav-Khmelnitsky district can be called a unique place on the map of our country. Today, there are 51 settlements, 15 objects of nature reserve fund of Ukraine, among which is a park-monument of landscape art of a national importance «Tashanskyi» and National natural park «Biloozerskyi», and there are more than 10 large and small rivers and hundreds of potential tourist sites that need to be preserved, promoted and attracted by tourists. It was highlighted the key advantages inherent in the tourism infrastructure of Kyiv region. The value of material and technical base and tourism infrastructure has been established as a determining factor for increasing the tourist attractiveness of Pereiaslav-Khmelnitsky district. The main reasons for hindering the development of the tourist services market in Pereiaslav-Khmelnitsky district are: the imperfection of the system of state regulation of tourist activity; the low level of investments in the development of the material base of tourism; the inconsistency of tourist establishments with international standards; the insufficient provision of the tourism industry by qualified specialists; the extremely unsatisfactory condition of transport infrastructure; the low awareness of potential consumers of the tourism product. It was highlighted the main problems in the formation and promotion of tourism products of the district, as well as the problems of development of existing tourism potential, which is certainly one of the richest in Ukraine. It was offered the directions of development of tourist infrastructure market in Pereiaslav-Khmelnitsky district and activation of using of tourist potential in the area.

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to re-test the determinant factors of the quality of financial statements and performance of the government by adding contextual factors, such as the personal factor, system/administrative factor and political factor, that may affect the quality of financial statement information and performance of the government. The personal factor is proxied to the competencies that affect the quality of financial statements and performance. The social administrative factor is proxied on the regulations and presentation of quality financial statements.


Design/methodology/approach
The analysis unit in this study was conducted at the organizational level. The research object was in the South Sulawesi Province. This was a descriptive and verificative research with a survey technique. Based on the objectives of the research, this is an explanatory study. The research method used was an explanatory survey with a quantitative approach. The population of this research was proxied to the Regional Unit Organization (Organisasi Perangkat Desa/OPD) which compiled the financial statements in the South Sulawesi Provincial Government and consisted of 803 units of local government agencies (Satuan Kerja Perangkat Daerah or SKPD). The purposive sampling technique was chosen under the following criteria: the regional government whose financial statement has been audited by the BPK, the regional government whose financial accountability report has been evaluated by Indonesia's Agency for Financial, and Development Supervision (Badan Pengawasan Keuangan dan Pembangunan or BPKP). In line with the criteria mentioned above, the minimum samples required for 26 observations/indicators are 5 × 26 = 130 respondents. The sample size met the minimum sample requirement of five for each group (cell) (Hair et al., 2006, p. 112).


Findings
The personal factor "competence" affects the financial statements' quality. The high personal factor "competence" will affect the high financial statements' quality. The system/administration factor "regulation" affects the financial statement quality. The high system/administration factor "regulation" will affect the high financial statements' quality. Political factors affect the financial statements' quality. The high political factors will affect the high financial statements' quality. The personal factor "competence" has no direct effect on the performance. The high personal factor "competence" will not affect the high or low of the performance. However, there is a significant indirect effect between the personal factor "competence" on performance through the financial statements' quality, which means that the higher personal factor "competence" will lead to higher performance through financial statements' quality. The system/administration factor "regulation" does not directly affect the performance. The high system/administration factor "regulation" will not affect the high or low of the performance. However there is a significant indirect effect between the system/administration factor "regulation" on performance through the financial statements' quality which means that higher system/administration factor "regulation" will lead to higher performance through financial statements' quality. The political factor does not directly affect the performance. The high political factors will not affect the high or low of the performance. However there is a significant indirect effect between political factors on performance through the financial statements' quality which means that the higher political factor will lead to higher performance through the financial statements' quality. Financial statements' quality affects the performance. The high financial statements will affect the performance.


Originality/value
The research issues raised are the increasing public demands for the government services and accountability, while on the other hand, the government is faced with the report and financial quality that are below the expectation. This issue is a national strategic issue, leading this research to aim at providing guidelines that can help the regional government to formulate operational policies and strategies for the quality improvement of financial statement and performance of the regional government.

The globalization of the world economy can be measured in terms of increases in international trade, greater levels of foreign investment and technology transfers, and the liberalization of financial markets. Accompanying and facilitating these trends have been institutional innovations and reforms, creating regimes under which international economic relationships can be managed and disputes resolved. The role of the World Trade Organization is an evident case in point. The rising scale of international migration can also be seen as a globalizing trend. Here, however, with the exception of the special case of refugees, there is no governance regime in place or in prospect at the international level. Occasional past efforts by UN agencies to stimulate formal discussion of what such a regime might look like have led nowhere: countries are simply unwilling to contemplate any weakening of their sovereign right to control entry.Proposing how to fill this perceived lacuna in the international system is one of the tasks on the agenda of the Global Commission on International Migration. The Commission, an independent body set up in 2003 by a small group of UN member states, plans to present a report to the UN Secretary‐General in mid‐2005. In the meantime, the subject has been explored by another group—the World Commission on the Social Dimension of Globalization. This commission was set up by the International Labour Office in 2002. It was co‐chaired by Tarja Halonen, president of Finland, and Benjamin William Mkapa, president of Tanzania. Its 24 other members included economists (among them Deepak Nayyar, Hernando de Soto, and Joseph Stiglitz), politicians, and business and labor leaders, as well as a number of ex‐officio ILO representatives. After several meetings and an extensive series of consultations held during 2002 and 2003, its report, A Fair Globalization: Creating Opportunities for All, was issued in February 2004.The report argues that the benefits of globalization must be more equitably distributed. To this end, the globalizing trends in the world economy should be matched by similar advances in social and political institutions. One of the features of the existing imbalance is that "goods and capital move much more freely across borders than people do." In addition to the many other recommendations the Commission has for what it terms the governance of globalization are proposals on the management of international migration. "Fair rules for trade and capital," the Commission argues, "need to be complemented by fair rules for the movement of people." The long‐run objective should be "a multilateral framework for immigration laws and consular practices˙˙˙that would govern cross‐border movement of people," paralleling "the multilateral frameworks that already exist, or are currently under discussion, concerning the cross‐border movement of goods, services, technology, investment and information."The Commission's thinking on migration is in some respects reminiscent of the views of the ILO's first director, Albert Thomas, in the days of the League of Nations. Writing in 1927, Thomas envisioned, if only as a distant ideal, "some sort of supreme supernational authority which would regulate the distribution of population on rational and impartial lines, by controlling and directing migration movements and deciding on the opening‐up or closing of countries to particular streams of immigration." (See the Archives section of PDR 9, no. 4.)The excerpt below consists of §428–§446 of the report, a section titled The cross‐border movement of people.

HIS ANIMUS toward Israel leads him to a number of what one can only hope are errors of haste: By way of explaining Osama bin Laden's appeal, he writes that 'the Palestinians ... have been living under Israeli military occupation in violation of UN Security Council resolutions for over 40 years,' effectively conveying that pre-1967 Israel's existence is itself a violation; he discusses Israel's 'crushing victory' and 'seiz(ing)' of land in 1967 without mentioning that it was fighting a war of self-defense; astoundingly, he writes that '[t]he increased use of force under the Ariel Sharon government sparked the second intifada, which began in September 2000'--choosing not to remember that the then-prime minister was Ehud Barak, who was offering unprecedented diplomatic concessions at Camp David; he says that Hezbollah fought only until Israel's departure from Southern Lebanon, and is now a mainstream organization devoted to education and social services, an assertion belied by a scan of any morning's newspaper; and he refers to Shaykh Yassin, founder and spiritual leader of Hamas, as a 'pragmatist' for his willingness to participate in the Palestinian Authority, notwithstanding his forthrightly consistent refusal to recognize Israel's right to exist. Only '[a] small minority,' Esposito writes, 'continues to espouse violence and terrorism to liberate the whole of Palestine.' And on and on. (And how much of this got past the editors at Oxford is its own kind of mystery.) Although animus toward Israel drives much of Esposito's analysis, he also discusses another pervasively cited issue: 'the dangers of Western economic hegemony and its side effects.' And, he says, '[t]he Muslim world's dominance by the West and marginalization as a world power, which has challenged Islam's relevance to modern life, and its lack of control over the forces of development, have been daunting barriers to progress.' Here, too, yes, the emerging global culture of our time and its driving individualism, not only in economics, but also in politics, culture, and religion is deeply unsettling. It is also very attractive, which is why people in Asia, Latin America, Central and Eastern Europe, and the former Soviet Union struggle not only to find a place for themselves in this new global milieu but to work through its emerging networks and institutions toward a more supple shape of globalization. Again, why the Muslim and Arab worlds should be uniquely, and violently, resistant to globalization, if indeed they are, is left unexplained by Esposito. Esposito calls for greater cross-cultural dialogue and encouragement of genuinely creative and thoughtful Muslim reformers of today, and who can argue with that? But in the end, his insistence that Muslims are endlessly put upon victims who must endlessly be understood by Western elites, and his unwillingness forthrightly to acknowledge the ills besetting Muslim societies are deeply patronizing. 'Democracy,' he writes, 'is an integral part of modern Islamic political thought and practice, accepted in many Muslim countries as a litmus test by which the openness of government and the relevance of Islamic groups or other political parties are certified.' What, in the light of all we have seen in the past years, can this possibly mean, especially when nearly all of today's most creative Muslim thinkers find that they can thrive only in non-Arab states? (Indeed the Muslim reformers he himself discusses--Anwar Ibrahim, Mohammad Khatami and Abdurrahman Wahid--are respectively Malaysian, Iranian, and Indonesian.) The only concrete policy prescription to emerge from Esposito's analysis is, of course, for the United States to distance itself from Israel.

The Privy Council was faced with the following set of facts: Shipowners chartered their vessel to time charterers. The vessel was subchartered to shippers for the carriage of a cargo from Indonesia to China. The time charterers issued a bill of lading which contained a so-called Himalaya clause, i.e. a clause which purported to confer on subcontractors the benefit of 'all exceptions, limitations, provision, conditions and liberties benefitting the carrier. It also contained a clause conferring exclusive jurisdiction on the Indonesian courts. After discharge of the cargo, the cargo owners issued a writ against the vessel in Hong Kong claiming that the cargo was damaged on delivery. The shipowners sought to rely on the jurisdiction clause, as being a provision within the meaning of the Himalaya clause. In the view of the Hong Kong Court of Appeal, the shipowners were not entitled to rely on the clause because they were not parties to the bill of lading. Nor had there been a bailment on terms which included the jurisdiction clause.
The shipowners appealed to the Privy council, which dismissed the appeal (Lord Goff of Chieveley giving the judgment of the Board). It traced the development of Himalaya clauses as a device to accommodate various situations arising in the context of carriage of goods by sea where there was a commercial expectation that the benefit of certain terms of the contract of carriage should be made available to parties involved in the adventure who were not parties to the contract - primarily stevedores, but in some cases also shipowners relying on terms in charterers' bills of lading to exempt them from possible liability to cargo owners and consignees. The theoretical basis for giving effect to such clauses remained problematic (although they were currently construed as bilateral contracts arrived at through the agency of the carrier).
It was not apparent that a jurisdiction clause should be included within the list of clauses from which a subcontractor should be allowed to benefit. 'Such a clause can be distinguished from terms such as exceptions and limitations in that it does not benefit only one party, but embodies a mutual agreement under which both parties agree with each other as to the relevant jurisdiction for the resolution of disputes. It is therefore a clause which creates mutual rights and obligations.' While the Himalaya clause in the contract in question referred to subcontractors enjoying the benefit of a 'provision' for the benefit of the carrier, this term must be interpreted eadem generis with exceptions and limitations. The function of a Himalaya clause was 'to prevent cargo owners from avoiding the effect of contractual defences available to the carrier by suing in tort persons who perform the contractual services on the carrier's behalf. To make available to such a person the benefit of an exclusive jurisdiction clause in the bill of lading contract does not contribute to the solution of that problem.' In addition, the purpose of a jurisdiction clause is usually to confer jurisdiction on a court in the place where the carrier carries on business. It is purely fortuitous if that court is also a convenient place for a subcontractor to litigate. Both the terms of the Himalaya clause and the policy it pursued therefore indicated that it was not intended to include the jurisdiction clause.
The following case note contrasts the legal reasoning employed in Belgium in similar situations (E. Dirix).

The paper analyses nine Roma families who lived in Stupnik Municipality; more precisely, in the villages of Žitarka and Razborišće, on the eve of World War II. The research draws from a questionnaire used by the municipal authorities in late August 1939 to survey and register the Roma men and women from those families, seeking to implement a policy of the Banovina authorities aimed at better controlling the migration of Roma people. Nowadays, these files are kept at the State Archives in Zagreb, in the holdings of the Administrative Municipality of Stupnik. The analysis of these data served as a basis for examining the demographic and socio-economic structure of individual Roma families in inter-war Croatia, more specifically, in the Banovina of Croatia. The first piece of data from the 1939 census of Stupnik Roma that can be analysed is their demographic structure. The average age of the total of 30 registered Roma was 26.9 years, which indicates a middle age structure. Roma parents were on average 35.2 years old, while the average age of their children was 16.4 years, which merely confirms their middle age structure. These data correspond to the age structure of Roma in other areas of inter-war Croatia, where approximately 44% of all Roma registered in the Sava Banovina in 1931 were between 20 and 59 years old. The family structure shows that the nine registered Roma families had an average of 3.5 members, while three families had no children. Almost all families consisted of a married couple with or without children, while only one family included a mother-in-law (husband›s mother). This file also reveals whether the Roma were legally married or lived in a "concubinage", i.e. in an extramarital union. Half of the Roma couples were legally married, while the other half were unmarried. The issue of marriage legality is followed by the issue of their attitudes to religion, especially when it comes to the baptism of children. All Roma interviewed stated that they had been baptised, as well as their children, which suggests that the registered Roma from Stupnik were religious insofar as they and their children had been baptised, but the documents themselves provide no insight into their personal attitude toward religion. A review of the data from the Roma census enables an analysis of their economic position and migration routes. All registered Roma people stated that they were engaged in agriculture on small plots of land. When it comes to migration, it is important to point out that those Roma lived a sedentary lifestyle. Comparison between the birthplace of the registered Roma and the place of their residence in Stupnik municipality shows that they had been migrating only within the wider Zagreb area. In addition, data were collected on their plans to emigrate from their (Stupnik) municipality, with all registered Roma stating that they intended to stay in that area, which further underlines the high level of their social integration. The final question of the interviews with the Roma was related to military service. These data reveal that a part of the Roma served in the army during World War I, while the second part was declared unfit for the army, although some of them also took part in military operations during the war. The analysis of the above data leads to certain conclusions. In 1939, nine Roma families with a total of 27 members lived in Stupnik municipality. They were permanent residents of the villages of Žitarka and Razborišće. Their average age of 26 corresponds to the average age of registered Roma in the Sava Banovina. Most Roma families consisted of a mother and father with children, while only one of them included a mother-in-law. Half of the Roma partners were legally married, while the other half were unmarried or living in concubinage. It is interesting to note that all registered Roma had been baptised, which can be explained by a certain level of adaptation to the local environment. The analysis of the above data reveals that the majority of Roma households were engaged in agriculture, while a minor part were workers. The Stupnik authorities were particularly interested in where the Roma had immigrated from and whether they intended to stay or relocate. All registered Roma were born and lived near Stupnik municipality, mostly in the areas of Sv. Klara, Sv. Nedjelja and Samobor. The question concerning military service also reveals the attitude of the Roma towards state authorities. These data are diverse, too. While some stated that they had actively fought in World War I, others had been declared unfit. Further research into the history of the Stupnik Roma shows that the municipal authorities registered Roma twice in two years (in May 1940 and in July 1941). That was in line with the local provisions of official authorities for resolving the issue of relations with the Roma. Those Roma were also victims of the Ustasha genocidal policy of Roma extermination. In early June 1942, they were forcibly evicted and deported to the Jasenovac concentration camp, where they were killed. This historicaldemographic and socio-economic analysis of the Roma community in a certain area aims to contribute to a better understanding of the history of the Roma in Croatia.

<p>O artigo examina os fatores associados à satisfação das comunidades atendidas pelo Programa Mais Médicos do Brasil (PMMB), a partir de pesquisas quantitativas realizadas pelo Ministério da Saúde e pela Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais em 2014, ano em que tal programa se iniciou. A abordagem se deu por meio de entrevistas face a face, realizadas com amostras de usuários e não usuários desse programa e residentes, tanto nos municípios atendidos quanto naqueles inscritos, mas ainda não contemplados. As entrevistas foram realizadas em mais de 700 municípios, segmentados em 7 subgrupos segundo os critérios: 20% de pobreza, capital, G100, baixa renda e alta vulnerabilidade econômica, região metropolitana, quilombolas, distrito sanitário especial indígena (DSEI) e demais localidades, totalizando mais de 18.000 informantes. Para a análise das variáveis relacionadas à avaliação do Mais Médicos, foram elaboradas estatísticas descritivas e inferenciais. Demonstra-se, na fase inicial do programa, a presença majoritária de médicos intercambistas cooperados (cubanos), a alta experiência dos profissionais envolvidos com a atenção básica à saúde, a boa qualidade do atendimento médico e sua forma mais humanizada, tendo como determinante a relação entre médico e usuário para a avaliação positiva do programa. Conclui-se que o Mais Médicos atingiu os objetivos de levar atendimento aos municípios de alta vulnerabilidade social, onde ainda não havia médicos ou seu número era pequeno, e que o programa tem potencial para a reconstrução do conceito da Atenção Básica à saúde.</p><p><strong>PROGRAMA MAIS MÉDICOS DO BRASIL: the centrality of the doctor-patient relationship for satisfaction with the program </strong></p><p>The article examined the factors associated with the satisfaction of the communities served by the Mais Médicos do Brasil Program (PMMB), based on quantitative research carried out by the Ministry of Health and the Federal University of Minas Gerais in 2014, the year in which this program started. The approach occurred through face-to-face interviews, conducted with samples of users and non-users and residents in municipalities registered, but not yet covered. The interviews were carried out in more than 700 cities, segmented into 7 subgroups according to the criteria: 20% of poverty, capital, G100, low income and high economic vulnerability, the metropolitan, quilombolas, special indigenous sanitary district (DSEI) and other locations, totaling more than 18,000 informants. For the analysis of the variables related to evaluation of Mais Médicos, were elaborated descriptive statistics and inferences. Demonstrates, in the initial phase of the program, the majority presence of doctors cooperated (Cubans), the high experience of professionals involved with the basic attention to health, the good quality of medical care and your more Humanized, with the decisive relation between doctor and user to the positive assessment of the program.. It is concluded that the Mais Médicos reached the goals of bringing service to the municipalities of high social vulnerability, where there was still no doctors or your number was small, and that the program has potential for the reconstruction of the concept of the basic attention to health.</p><p>Keywords: Public policy. Mais Médicos Program. Basic care. Communities.</p><p><strong>PROGRAMME MAIS MÉDICOS DO BRASIL: la centralité de relation médecin-patient pour la satisfaction du programme </strong></p><p> L'article examine les facteurs associés à la satisfaction des communautés desservies par le "Programa Mais Médicos do Brasil" (PMMB), sur la base d'une recherche quantitative réalisée par le ministère de la Santé et l'Université Fédérale de Minas Gerais (UFMG) en 2014, année d'initiation de ce programme. L'abordage a été réalisée au moyen des interviews en personne, réalisés avec des échantillons d'utilisateurs et de non-utilisateurs de ce programme et de résidents, dans les villes desservies et dans ces qui sont inscrites, mais ne sont pas encore visées. Les interviews ont été réalisées dans plus de 700 villes et villages, ont été segmentées en 7 sous-groupes par les critères suivants: 20% de pauvreté, la capitale familiale, G100, un faible revenu et une grande vulnérabilité économique, région métropolitaine, quilombolas, District Sanitaire Spécial Autochtone (DSEI), ils totalisant plus de 18 000 informateurs. Pour l'analyse des variables liées à l'évaluation de Mais Médicos ont été élaborées des statistiques descriptives et inférentielles. Dans le début du programme, il y a une présence majoritaire de médecins en échange coopératif (cubains), la grande expérience des professionnels impliqués dans l'attention de base à la santé, la bonne qualité des services médicaux et leur forme plus humanisée, ce qui détermine l'évaluation positive du programme c'est principalement la relation entre le médecin et le patient. Nous concluons que le programme Mais Médicos a atteint l'objectif de prendre en charge les villes de forte vulnérabilité sociale, où ils n'y avait pas de médecins ou le nombre était faible, et que le programme pouvait potentiellement reconstruire le concept de attention à la santé primaires.</p><p>Mots-clés: Politique publique. Programa Mais Médicos. Attention basique. Communautés.</p>

Purpose
Higher education has experienced some significant changes over the past few years including a highly competitive landscape, use of new technology, managing COVID protocols and guiding students to resources that ensure their success. With prior research highlighting the changes in the workforce and poor working conditions of part-time faculty, this study aims to explore full-time perceptions of several employment-related variables to determine how these significant workplace changes have impacted them.


Design/methodology/approach
A mixed-methods approach is used. This includes a questionnaire being sent out via e-mail to faculty at a medium-sized, public, regional university located in the USA. This was sent through two separate listservs: full-time faculty listserv and part-time faculty listserv. The questionnaire included quantitative and qualitative questions. A one-way ANOVA was used to detect significant differences between the two groups of interest for the quantitative components. The qualitative portions of the questionnaire provided deeper insights into employee perceptions of their workplace.


Findings
This research uncovers some alarming trends for full-time faculty within higher education. Across several different employment variables, full-time faculty perceptions are significantly worse than part-time faculty. This includes work–family conflict, pay perceptions, compensation opportunities, online teaching experiences, overwhelming work activities, technology provided, travel funding provided, perceived satisfaction of a faculty advocate and perceived benefits of a faculty advocate. Qualitative and quantitative results support these findings and provide additional clarification as to why they have these negative workplace perceptions.


Research limitations/implications
A convenience sample was used, where data was only gathered from one university. Future research could replicate finding with more universities varying in their make-up and location to determine if these results hold across the USA and internationally. Some measures did not use established scales in the literature, and some were single-item measures. Future research could replicate findings using established scales with multi-item measures to provide more confidence the results produced that are reliable and valid.


Practical implications
These results suggest alarming concerns for higher education institutions regarding their full-time faculty. Human resource managers and administrators at universities should respond to "the alarm" from this research and internal employee satisfaction surveys they have conducted with their employees. Changes should be made at higher education institutions to improve employee workplace perceptions in hopes of retaining valuable employees and improving worker morale to increase productivity. The recent workplace changes and challenges for full-time faculty are negatively impacting their workplace perceptions.


Social implications
As a result of full-time faculty having significantly worse perceptions across all measured employment variables than their part-time colleagues, who already had poor perceptions, the authors may see more "good" employees leaving the industry for other more lucrative options. Others may become "dead wood" in the university and engage in "quite quitting" resulting in less productivity. With the tenure process protecting professors, this may result in universities being "stuck" with many unmotivated professors and hurt the quality of educational services provided. Some professors may even act out negatively toward the university. This could damage the quality of education provided at universities and perceptions of higher education by society.


Originality/value
To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first study comparing full-time and part-time faculty workplace perceptions across several variables. After previous study has highlighted the poor work conditions and perceptions of part-time faculty, this study adds to the discussion showing that significant changes in the workplace have resulted in full-time faculty now perceiving their employment to be significantly worse than their part-time colleagues. This can have significant short-term and long-term ramifications for the industry that will make it more difficult for universities to attract talented individuals to choose a career in education and retaining their best workers based on current employment perceptions.

Relevance of the research topic. Modern requirements for enterprises include compliance with environmental norms and standards to ensure not only the safety of people's lives and health but also the preservation of the natural environment. Such an approach is a necessary condition for the development of sustainable business and ensuring economic stability of enterprises in the long term. Problem statement. Environmental safety management of enterprises is one of the most pressing and complex problems faced by business structures today. On the one hand, companies are interested in maximizing sales of their goods and services, while on the other hand, they must comply with the requirements of state legislation and international recommendations in the field of environmental protection. Analysis of recent research and publications. The works of such Ukrainian scientists as O.I. Basarab, Ye.S. Belash, I.V. Breslavska, V.I. Danylevsky, H.M. Drozd, O.O. Drozdova, M.I. Zhurba, I.P. Kalinina, and others are devoted to the study of theoretical, methodological, and practical aspects of environmental safety management of enterprises. Highlighting previously unresolved parts of a common issue. Despite the abundance of scientific studies on the management of environmental safety in enterprises, the question of its role and position within the broader system of national security of the state remains a topic of ongoing discussion. The aim of the article is to develop a theoretical and definitive exposition of the categorical apparatus for managing the environmental safety of enterprises. The main objectives of the study are: to investigate existing approaches to interpreting the essence of the concept of «environmental safety management of enterprises» and to develop, based on their analysis, a theoretical and definitive exposition of the categorical apparatus for managing the environmental safety of enterprises, taking into account modern trends and challenges of sustainable development. Research methods. The article utilized a historical approach, a systems approach, methods of analysis and synthesis, deduction, logical method, and generalization as the basis of the research. Results of the research. The following approaches to interpreting the essence of the concept of «environmental safety management of enterprises» were identified: social, complex, sectoral, legal, regional, natural resource, risk-oriented, process-oriented, and results-oriented approaches. Each of these approaches has its own characteristics and is used depending on the needs of the enterprise and the specific situation. A theoretical and definitive exposition of the categorical apparatus for managing the environmental safety of enterprises was developed. Field of application of the results. The research findings can be used to improve theoretical approaches and develop effective strategies for managing the environmental safety of enterprises. Conclusions. Thus, the environmental safety of an enterprise is an integral part of national security. The theoretical and definitive exposition of the categorical apparatus for managing the environmental safety of an enterprise is presented as follows: Safety is a comprehensive state of absence of threats and risks that can cause harm to people, the environment, and property, which is ensured not only by reactive responses to potential threats but also by a proactive approach to ensuring safety through preventive measures and reducing the potential consequences of potential threats. Environmental safety of an enterprise is a complex state in which the activities of the enterprise do not violate the self-regulation ability of natural ecosystems, ensure the preservation of biodiversity and climate, avoid the creation of new environmental risks, reduce the negative impact of anthropogenic factors on the environment, and ensure the safety and health of the population. Management of the environmental safety of an enterprise is a system of strategic planning, coordination, and implementation of measures to minimize the negative impact of the enterprise on the environment, ensure compliance with environmental legislation and standards, reduce environmental risks, and promote the principles of sustainable development.

Problems of the skills development and the quality of human capital became the priorities of the current socio-economic development. That's why the relevance of the investigation of the main trends in the formation and development of the human potential of country (especially, educational and qualification component) significantly increased. However, the possibilities for the stable and effective development of the labour market and vocational education system in Ukraine are limited because of the influence of war. Therefore, it is extremely important to study the specific features of the development of educational and occupational potential of country under the influence of war, to define the main challenges of its development connected with constrains and limitations of effective realization during this period of time. The aim of the paper is to identify the challenges and threats to the realization of the educational and occupational potential of Ukraine under current conditions, to determine the ways of the development of employees' individual skills and competencies needed under conditions of post-war recovery period. In order to achieve the defined aim, the authors have used data of sociological surveys, as well as all available sources of information (especially, data of State Employment Service, opendata). During research process, such research methods as analysis and synthesis, system analysis, scientific abstraction, comparison, generalization, logical approach were used. The results of the study made it possible to define that the quality of educational and occupational potential depends not only on the demographic basis of labour force reproduction, but also on the readiness of the employees to acquire new skills, to upgrade qualifications. It was also defined that the negative trends in the development of the vocational education and training (VET) system significantly increased under conditions of war due to: the damage to the network of vocational education schools in the regions affected by hostilities; the significant scale of external and internal migration; the disruption of established coordination relations between enterprises and vocational education schools; the aggravation of the problems of VET schools financing. Calculations of the structural changes intensity coefficients (by 25 most popular occupations) indicates a higher probability of balancing the list of occupations for which vocational education schools provide training with the dynamics of changes and the occupational structure of vacancies (taking into account the degree of load on the part of unemployed). Results of calculations can be taken into account when determining the number of students and the structure of training organized by vocational education schools and employment centres. During the investigation process, it was proved that the factors related to the employees' incentive for training, retraining, acquiring skills and competencies necessary for increasing competitiveness in the labour market, realizing their educational and occupational potential are also important. The aggravation of the problems of realization and development of the educational and occupational potential of internally displaced persons was defined as a serious challenge. Based on the results of surveys, it was outlined that internally displaced persons are interested in receiving professional assistance for career development and employment, but not able to formulate specific requests regarding areas of study and assistance. In the paper the necessity of the widening of the 'work-based learning' practice (training organized at the workplace), which will contribute to the integration of training at the work -place and formal (academic) training for the acquisition of 'hard' and 'soft' skills, is suggested and proved. The main ways of the minimization of the risks and threats of ensuring the professional development of the labour force, the development of the educational and occupational potential of the labour force were proposed in paper. The conclusions of this article can be useful for elaboration of the measures of educational and employment policies aimed at the improvement of the quality of educational and occupational potential of the labour force in Ukraine during war and post-war recovery period.

Developments in international relations and military doctrines after the 11 September 2001 attacks on the United States and the subsequent wars in Afghanistan and Iraq have raised a number of issues related to the production, transfer and use of military technology. Part of the response to asymmetric or other threats depends on the exploitation of relevant skills in support of research, development and production; on the efficient organization of such activities at the national and multinational levels; and on sharing the outputs with friendly states and allies. Military research and development (R&D) is the most expensive and basic phase in the creation of a new weapon platform. The 'revolution in military affairs', which some see as more of a constant evolution, is a process that today is identified with 'network-centric' military solutions, of which the war in Iraq in 2003 has been called the first operational test. The Iraq war effort benefited from the breakdown of the barrier between civil and military technology in the fields of communications, information technology and sensors. There has been a shift in emphasis from traditional military R&D of defined weapon platforms towards greater military exploitation of science and technology (S&T). This is referred to as 'S&T-based military innovation', implying cooperation with as well as direct and long-term military support -- through defense ministries, armed services and related research organizations -- for basic research, applied research and exploratory technology development to achieve and support future military capabilities. The USA and the UK are examples of nations with a national S&T-based military innovation policy. Despite their differences, both policies reflect the overlap between what are considered civil and military S&T areas. In the USA the implementation of S&T-based military innovation has been standard procedure at least since World War II. The UK is a major European military producer and the one where a new emphasis on S&T-based military innovation has been most clearly demonstrated. In spite of the European Security and Defense Policy, there is no coordinated European S&T-based military innovation policy. This is partly because the inclusion of defense as an EU task is only recent and partly because of the overlapping and unclear boundaries between the pillars of the organization. Another difficulty is national competition within Europe and attempts to preserve national skills rather than pool them. However, there are changes under way that might constitute steps towards the establishment of a more coordinated European, or even EU, S&T-based military innovation policy. Should such a policy be formulated, the enlargement of the EU in 2004 may bring both S&T benefits and competitive drawbacks. It is also open to question whether European S&T will be sufficient to meet EU capability ambitions. Exploiting foreign S&T for EU military innovation would enhance national S&T-based military innovation and multinational research programs. There are three long-term implications of a shift towards EU S&T-based military innovation: for data and transparency; for research ethics; and for finding a political balance between cooperation, competition and technology controls among both friends and foes. The data and transparency problem -- a general problem in military and security studies -- is further complicated by S&T-based military innovation. The ethical problem is basically an individual problem mainly for non-military actors involved in S&T-based military innovation. The neutral aspect of S&T and the many uncertainties with regard to its potential military use will involve difficult considerations for actors, especially if transparency remains low. The problem of finding an acceptable political balance between the free sharing of S&T results and trying to gain commercial and technological advantages over military competitors -- both friends and foes -- while at the same time implementing technology transfer controls in order to prevent or delay military innovation by potential enemies is likely to become an increasingly delicate task. Adapted from the source document.