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This study mirrors the increasing importance of network management and also looks at about the devolution of elderly services or social services in general. This survey research was to develop a structural equation model of network management in elderly services. The sample consisted of 556 elderly service providers in Southern part of Thailand. Data were collected using a questionnaire. Findings show the structural equation model had a good fit with the empirical data (χ2 = 767.53, df = 279, RMSEA=0.064, CFI=0.98, SRMR=0.058). The model confirms that 6 factors: trust, mutuality, governance, administration, autonomy and, antecedents possessed effects on network performance. Trust had the highest positive direct effects on network performance, followed by mutuality, governance, and administration respectively, autonomy had negative direct effects and, antecedents only had indirect effect. Therefore, when governments have to work together with partners in elderly services, the problems become more complex so administrators should be concern about these constructs to provide service provisions so that a functional capacity can be maintained for elderly well-being. Int. J. Soc. Sc. Manage. Vol. 4, Issue-4: 232-239

The past five years have seen a growing trend towards the notion of a Shared Servicesapproach to enhancing municipal efficiency in the local government sector in SouthAfrica. In KwaZulu-Natal (KZN), this approach is receiving more focused attention. In thisregard, the Department of Co-operative Governance and Traditional Affairs (COGTA)is playing a pivotal role in supporting municipalities in KZN with regards to capacitybuildingand financial resources. The thrust of municipal service delivery is premised onits Integrated Development Plan (IDP), and the concept of Shared Services is beingused as a conduit for municipalities to work towards ensuring that their organizationaland developmental objectives are achieved in the short-, medium- and long-term.The article therefore examines the efficacy of municipal planning within the context ofShared Services.

Doctors as medical workers are at the forefront of health services for Covid-19 patients. During the pandemic, doctor is the profession that has the highest risk in handling Covid-19 patients. In this case, it is appropriate if doctors get legal protection in carrying out their profession. So, what is the actual form of legal protection that doctors have received so far in handling Covid-19 patients? Have the existing regulations accommodated this protection?. The method of research which used in this research was normatif by examining the law which is conceptualized as a norm or rule that applied in society, and becomes a reference for everyone's behavior. The results of the study indicated that there were preventive and repressive measures which were as means of legal protection for doctors during Pandemic. Preventive efforts can be interpreted as steps or ways that can be taken to prevent an event that has legal consequences in the form of fulfilling obligations as a doctor, namely by carrying out the profession in accordance with professional standard, professional service standard, and standard operating procedures, completing administration in medical practice such as informed consent. and medical records, getting vaccines, providing incentives. While repressive efforts are defined as steps or method which taken if an event that results in law has occurred in the form of providing compensation to doctors who died, giving awards for services, bearing medical expenses for exposed doctors, and prosecution for criminal acts towards people who do not orderly implement health protocols. The legal protection of medical workers in handling Covid-19 is evident in the fact that these medical workers have received legal protection in the form of supervision and guidance carried out by the Central Government, Regional Government or their Work Agencies. It shows that existing regulations have accommodated legal protection for doctors during the Covid-19 pandemic.

The League of Women Voters of Texas is a non-partisan organization that works to promote political responsibility through active informed participation of all citizens in their government. In 1919, the Texas Equal Suffrage Association evolved into the Texas League of Women Voters, and today is recognized as the League of Women Voters of Texas. Their hallmark activity is the circulation of Voters' Guides through newspapers prior to elections; locally, regionally, statewide, and nationally. The League's intent is dissemination of information on political candidates, and the objective promotion of "political responsibility through informed and active participation of citizens in government." The organization's efforts, however, are by no means limited to politics, but also address issues on water, health care, hazardous wastes, education, energy, and such international concerns as the United Nations. ; The records of the League of Women Voters of Texas also reflect socio-economic changes in the United States with the active organizational membership drives of the mid to late 1970s in response to American society's evolution into a two income family. Collectively, the materials provide researchers with invaluable insight into politics and political concerns on an international, national, statewide, and local basis. ; The collection consists of materials from national, state, and local files, financial materials, photographs, and publications of the National, Texas, and local leagues, as well as other state leagues. Also included are a study of the national league, scrapbooks, memorabilia, vice-presidential program files, and printed materials. The focus of the collection is on state committees and local units. ; Highlights from the donation include the original 1919 minutes from the Texas Equal Suffrage Association authorizing the organizational conversion to the Texas League of Women Voters, films produced by the group on legislative processes, the 104th Congressional recognition given and signed by Texas Senator Kay Bailey Hutchison on the 75th anniversary of the League of Women Voters of Texas, and the flag that flew over the Texas capitol on that day. ; Box 7, Folder 5

A partnership of affluent nations is proposed to pursue the objective of universal electrification in the world with a challenging interim goal of bringing efficient and sustainable[2] 2 For the purposes of this paper sustainable electric systems are those that emit low or no net greenhouse gases (GHGs). This requirement is generally consistent with the goal expressed in the National Research Council report Our Common Journey: a Transition Toward Sustainability [National Research Council, 1999]: ". that the primary goals of transition toward sustainability should be to meet the needs of a much larger but stabilizing population, to sustain the life support systems of the planet and to sustainably reduce hunger and poverty." The authors believe that the electric systems targeted in the universal electrification proposal of this paper can contribute to the goals of the transition explored by the academy. The partners must assure this contribution, but for simplicity the authors use the criterion of low or no net greenhouse gas emissions from electricity generation to qualify a system as sustainable. electric services within 20 years to one billion people. Four plausible partners are the United States, the European Union, Japan with Australia and New Zealand, and, perhaps, the OPEC countries. The partners would provide part of the capital needed for electrification. This "concessionary" contribution should stimulate private investors and/or indigenous governments to supply the remainder of the capital needed, and to organize the management of each electrification project. The concessionary contribution would be designed for two objectives: (1) to help alleviate poverty, grow opportunities, and increase the quality of life in the developing world by providing electric services to all, and (2) to reduce future greenhouse gas emissions by supporting a low-carbon development path toward universal electrification. Paying for the difference in cost between high-efficiency end-use equipment and least-first-cost equipment would pursue the first objective. This concession would significantly lower the cost to the consumer of electricity services. The second objective would be pursued by paying the added cost (up to $ 1000/kW) of low-GHG or climate-friendly electricity generation (i.e., low or no-net carbon-emitting systems) over and above least-first-cost generation technology. This electrification of one billion people would require about 50 GWe of new electric generating capacity assuming 50% capacity factor and 15% line losses. The concessionary investment needed would be up to $50 billion for low-GHG generation plus about $30 billion for efficient end-use equipment. An additional 25% of the concessionary contribution would go for training, program management and evaluation. The total is $ 100 billion (or $ 100/person) spread over 20 years, or about $ 1.25 billion per partner per year assuming an equal share for each partner. The remainder of the capital required is estimated to be about $ 170/person for the electrical system including hook-up, plus another $ 140/person for efficient end-use equipment purchased at the cost of least-first-cost equipment. The consumer would pay back these non-concessionary investments through the price of electricity and through a lease-purchase charge for end-use equipment. Provision of basic electricity services for newly electrified communities is estimated to require about 0.025 kW/person on average for all electric uses including domestic, commercial, agricultural and industrial uses, compared with current electricity services of about 1.8 kW/person in the United States and 0.3 kW/person globally. Thus, electric power per capita in these poor, mostly rural areas would be very small initially, just sufficient to meet basic necessities, and consistent with customers' ability to pay. Not every community would choose or be able to buy even this much, but to have the opportunity for electric services at whatever level will make a huge difference in people's lives. Experience over many decades has shown that electrification can help alleviate poverty, improve health, reduce drudgery, and increase literacy, all contributing to the UN's Millennium Development Goals to which all countries are committed. © 2005 International Energy Initiative, Inc.

In this study, researchers found that veterans with college training were more likely to become employed when they also received job search assistance and job placement assistance, as well as that veterans without such training increased their probability of employment after receiving diagnoses and treatment of impairments, VR counseling, job placement assistance, rehabilitation technology, and other supports. In practice, the results of this study provide important information for rehabilitation counselors, vocational counselors, and other practitioners working with veterans with disabilities. In policy, policymakers should work to support and expand state VR programs to reach a wider population of veterans. Suggestions for future study include going beyond whether or not technology services were received, performing a more in-depth analysis of how the various components of rehabilitation technology affect the outcomes of veterans enrolled in VR programs, and exploring whether veterans' service needs vary based on whether or not they are enrolled in higher education programs.

The SISCOM (Smart Services for Information Systems and Communication Networks) research group focuses on technologies that make it possible to provide intelligent services for information services and communication networks. We teach and do research in topics related to privacy, performance evaluation of networks, wireless adhoc and mesh networks, design of routing protocols, among others. Our research activities are funded by public research projects granted by the Spanish Government and the European Commission. ; Peer Reviewed ; Postprint (published version)

The intensity of emotion regarding the issues of services for persons with mental retardation is not surprising, but the scorn and animosity directed by each side at the other is particularly enigmatic. In contemporary western society, social policy debates often evoke passion, especially when persons perceived as underdogs or typically downtrodden are involved. When such populations are identified, concerned individuals, with differing backgrounds and ideologies band together, to champion the cause and attempt change through a variety of activities. These activities are often varied and might include fund raising, political protests, raising public awareness, increasing research activities, working with (or against) government and related public agencies, and planning appropriate programs. The conflict in such situations is often between the advocates of social change and govemment or other public agencies who are viewed as the agents of the unacceptable status quo. Although this scenario of advocates versus establishment represents a standard struggle for those involved in providing services for persons with mental retardation, the dispute between the proponents of integration and those who favour services in a segregated setting remains a particularly bitter one.

Either the business model or the requirements of "Sustainable Development" has rendered collaboration indispensable today. Spatial data infrastructures (SDIs) are widely accepted as the way of enabling collaboration among various parties. An SDI can be realized as an "interoperability infrastructure" which enables government, private sector, academia, and others involved to collaborate by allowing the usage of "data" and "services" of each other. Since there may be various parties involved, building and maintaining an SDI is an ambitious task. The two sub-infrastructures, "technological" and "institutional" ones of an SDI are need to be worked out. The interest of this work is to assess the potential of semantic web services (SWS) for the technological interoperability infrastructure of SDIs. For this aim, an SDI use case was implemented with SWS. It has been found that SWS are not mature enough yet for SDIs. However, they need to be researched further to be employed in the implementation of SDIs.

In January 2020, all non-profit organisations providing services to people with intellectual disabilities received notification from the Health Service Executive that they were to receive a 1% cut. In money terms, this equates to €20 million a year being taken out of direct service provision. This was a devastating blow to a sector, already on its knees from a lack of government investment.

In a modern state, public administration plays a very important role. It is difficult to imagine a state without the existence of its executive apparatus. What is more, the quality of the tasks it carries out, as well as the proper functioning of the state and its organs depend largely on the way public administration is organised. The purpose of the article is to show that public administration in a democratic country based on the rule of law should be equated with a public service aiming to achieve the common good and pursuing the interests of all citizens. ; We współczesnym państwie administracja publiczna odgrywa bardzo istotną rolę. Trudno bowiem wyobrazić sobie państwo bez istnienia jego aparatu wykonawczego. Co więcej, od sposobu zorganizowania administracji publicznej zależy w dużej mierze jakość realizowanych przez nią zadań, a także prawidłowość funkcjonowania państwa i jego organów. Celem artykułu jest wykazanie, że administracja publiczna w demokratycznym państwie prawnym winna być utożsamiana ze służbą publiczną działającą na rzecz dobra wspólnego i realizować interes wszystkich obywateli.

A range of institutions and individuals are engaging in the provision, translation, and application of scientific climate information, with the aim of supporting agricultural decision-making in the context of climate variability and change. This article contributes to understanding political and ethical dimensions of climate services by focusing on how expertise is articulated by those who deliver anticipatory information to potential users. The article draws on interviews and observations with forecasters, advisors, and decision-makers in Belize—a low-lying, coastal country recognised to be particularly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. I show how emerging debates over who and what is left out of climate services are not only about the use and usability of climate knowledge, but about how individuals and institutions are positioned in relation to each other and to uncertain futures in Belize and elsewhere.

2021 Spring. ; Includes bibliographical references. ; Cooperative Extension, the United States Department of Agriculture's educational outreach program, is found in nearly 100% of US counties, but can only be found in a tiny percentage, less than 10%, of Indigenous communities (Brewer, Hiller, Burke, & Teegerstrom, 2016; NCAI, 2010). Control over agricultural systems and alienation from traditional foodways was used during colonization to overpower and disenfranchise Indigenous communities (Dunbar- Ortiz, 2015; Harris, 2004; Knobloch, 1996) and the reverberations of this history are still present in Indigenous communities today. Given the mission of equity and access that Land Grant Institutions (LGIs) ascribe to (Sorber & Geiger, 2014) and the history of Indigenous land dispossession that created LGIs (Stein, 2017), Cooperative Extension has a responsibility to Indigenous communities to provide equitable access to the benefits of this system. Traditional Extension programs at 1862 LGIs can collaborate with the Indigenous communities in their state in order to equitably provide educational resources and agricultural support. Through a Critical Race Theory and decolonizing lens, I investigated to what extent Extension educators at 1862 LGIs in the Western Region of Extension are collaborating with Indigenous communities, what makes Extension educators that do form these collaborations successful, the common barriers to successful collaborations, and what systemic supports are missing for successful collaborations to exist. In order to do this, I used a transformative convergent mixed methods approach that included a survey to gain a quantitative overview of the collaborations in the region and qualitative interviews to more deeply understand specific examples of collaborations through educators' lived experiences. During the research process, I included participant voices and feedback during all stages. The major findings from this work are grouped into four sections. First, I provided an overview of the kinds of programs that Extension educators are facilitating in the region, including many programs that address traditional Extension topics as well as programs that lie further outside of Extension's traditional reach. Next, I explored the characteristics of successful education programs and successful educators. Successful programs centered the goals of the communities in their planning and implementation, they enjoyed collaborative support from an Insider to the community, and were culturally relevant. The participants also identified characteristics that make educators successful, including making a long-term commitment and getting involved with the community, building trusting relationships, developing an academic understanding of the historical, cultural, and educational context, being willing to learn, and developing allyship. The last section of the Findings explored the barriers that educators identified to successful collaborations, including a lack of funding, the logistics of doing research, issues associated with rural communities, their time being spread too thin, community distrust of the government and universities, and the racism that they and their communities face. From the findings of this study, my participants and I co-constructed recommendations and implications. Suggestions for what Extension could be doing to better serve Indigenous communities emerged, including how they might support people, education, and culture within their organization. These included encouraging engagement and collaboration, creating culturally relevant programs, allowing Extension educators freedoms in their work, giving value to this work in employee evaluations, and providing support, education, and mentoring to Extension educators. Lastly, I discuss next steps for Extension administration, educators, and future research including how they can create systemic change through supporting collaborations with Indigenous communities and the work that still needs to be done.

This guide was published by the Water, Engineering and Development Centre (WEDC) at Loughborough University. ; Section 2. Working with Partners is aimed primarily at policymakers but is also of direct relevance to urban engineers and planners. It reviews the roles of different stakeholders in service provision, including government, civil society and external agencies. A number of common constraints are identified and possible ways of addressing them are outlined.

Comunicación presentada en la sesión "Strengthening ES Community of Practices" de la European Ecosystem Services Conference, Antwerp, Belgium, 19-23 September, 2016. ; Despite numerous research efforts over the last decades, integrating the concept of ecosystem services into land management decision-making continues to pose considerable challenges. Researchers have developed many different frameworks to operationalize the concept, but these are often specific to a certain issue and each has their own definitions and understandings of particular terms. Based on a comprehensive review of the current scientific debate, the EU FP7 project RECARE proposes an adapted framework for soil-related ecosystem services that is suited for practical application in the prevention and remediation of soil degradation across Europe. We have adapted existing frameworks by integrating components from soil science while attempting to introduce a consistent terminology that is understandable to a variety of stakeholders. RECARE aims to assess how soil threats and prevention and remediation measures affect ecosystem services. Changes in the natural capital's properties influence soil processes, which support the provision of ecosystem services. The benefits produced by these ecosystem services are explicitly or implicitly valued by individuals and society. This can influence decision- and policy making at different scales, potentially leading to a societal response, such as improved land management. The proposed ecosystem services framework will be applied by the RECARE project in a transdisciplinary process. It will assist in singling out the most beneficial land management measures and in identifying trade-offs and win–win situations resulting from and impacted by European policies. The framework thus reflects the specific contributions soils make to ecosystem services and helps reveal changes in ecosystem services caused by land management and policies impacting on soil. At the same time, the framework is simple and robust enough for practical application in assessing soil threats and their management with stakeholders at various levels. ; RECARE project ; No