Suchergebnisse

This research project is supposed to face up viticulture in a complex, epistemological framework. As Dickenson and Salt affirm the geography of the wine «may be studied from a variety of perspectives and encompasses the influence of the physical environment, historical diffusion of the vine and viticulture, economic geographies of cultivation and marketing, political influences on trade and production, and cultural perceptions of landscapes, product and people». After all, already in the Latin etymology of viticulture exists a deep content hiatus that imposes to consider two fair enough different concepts; indeed, culture may refer to cultivation and care. Therefore, it is crucial to understand how viticulture must be considered and to show the way its dichotomic nature may suggest distant methodologies of investigation. After having underlined the epistemological framework of viticulture in relationship to geography and given the interpretative tools of the research, I analyzed the construction and the evolution of some viticultural landscapes (Montalcino, Barolo, Bolgheri and the Côte d'Or) whose choice depends on the dynamics that regarded their production (characterized by a particular propensity to commercialization), the relationships and the differences among them and finally the essential relationship that wine creates with its territory of origin. The role of the tradition represents the fil rouge that links these experiences and it declines in a different perspective according to the realities I analyzed. However, for each of them, it has been fundamental the role developed by a forerunner; indeed, Ferruccio Biondi for Brunello di Montalcino, Juliette Colbert-Falletti for Barolo and Mario Incisa della Rocchetta for the Sassicaia have not only contributed to the creation of a wine but generally to the development of a whole territory that is identified today in the cultivation of the grapevine. Finally, in virtue of such a rooted and shared historical construction, these territories take part in the processes of patrimonialization that are characterizing some wine regions to a global scale. Following different criterions of classification, where however viticulture covers a preponderant aspect, Val d'Orcia, Langhes and the climats de Bourgogne are considered from the UNESCO a human world heritage to safeguard while Bolgheri has been inserted by Regione Tuscana in the catalog of the historical rural landscapes; in all these cases, independently from who promoted the patrimonialization, the aim is clear: to allow the future generations to enjoy the cultural and environmental wealth that distinguish them. The wine landscapes are reported to be the ones that underwent fast and important transformations. Moving from this, I underline the debate around the relationship between patrimonialization (considered as a specific process of conservation) and the general transformation of the landscape. From this perspective, the criterions of patrimonialization adopted for the viticultural landscapes seem not to consider the eventuality of one change in the case wine shouldn't play the social and economic role that it has nowadays. What would it happen in that case?

National identity has been the guideline of the independence process of the Republics of Federal Yugoslavia. Because of such a principle, the smallest of them, Montenegro, became a sovereign state in 2006 and cut its boundary with Serbia, the last residue of the Tito-inspired federation that was created after WW2. However, the political and cultural context in which the independence forces of this country operated was completely different from the one that existed in the early years of the '90s, when in 1991 Slovenia and Croatia gained independence, Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1992, and Macedonia followed in 1993. In fact, during those years the ruling classes attempted to gain consent among public opinion that it was necessary to start the independence project, taking advantage of the climate of deregulation that could be felt not long after the fall of the communist regimes in Europe, and also of the benevolent implicit consent of some European states that quickly recognized as sovereign states these republics that proclaimed their independence unilaterally, without any negotiation with the opponents. On the contrary, when it came to Montenegro, a decade of wars in Europe on nationalist bases (at least officially), its exit from the federal state was far more complex. In fact, a victorious referendum and negotiations with Belgrade were not enough to reach such a result, but it was necessary to obtain the EU's consent, since it had become a judge in Balkan politics, which was not so different from the Great Powers of The Congress of Berlin, that had the power to establish the regional settings. However, today's Montenegrin nation has changed as a result of the last few years' events, also because of the multiculturalism of the new state's people; it gained some characteristics that identify the nation more as a model of civic nationalism, than as the nationalism of ethnic origins that made the base of the independence processes of other republics such as Slovenia and Croatia.

L'articolo affronta il rapporto tra mito e politica come si è sviluppato nella realtà romena affrontando il complesso rapporto tra Nation Building e State Building in questa specifica area dei Balcani. Sono presentati alcuni esempi che è possibile rintracciare sia in campo culturale che del pensiero e dell'azione politica. ; The article addresses the relationship between myth and politics as it developed in the Romanian reality by addressing the complex relationship between the Nation Building and the State Building in this specific area of the Balkans. Some examples are presented that can be traced both in the cultural field and in political thought and action ; L'article aborde la relation entre mythe et politique telle qu'elle s'est développée dans la réalité roumaine en abordant la relation complexe entre la construction de la nation et la construction de l'État dans cette région spécifique des Balkans. Quelques exemples sont présentés qui peuvent être retracés à la fois dans le domaine culturel et dans la pensée et l'action politiques ; El artículo aborda la relación entre el mito y la política tal como se desarrolló en la realidad rumana al abordar la compleja relación entre el Nation Building y el State Building en esta área específica de los Balcanes. Se presentan algunos ejemplos que se pueden rastrear tanto en el campo cultural como en el pensamiento y la acción política

La Legge Delrio 56/2014 e il risultato del referendum costituzionale (2016) hanno determinato un nuovo contesto istituzionale in Italia. L'intervento sulle Province e l'istituzione delle Città metropolitane dimostrano l'impegno del governo nel rivedere l'intera architettura del territorio. Oggi la Regione Lombardia considera strategica l'istituzione della Città metropolitana e la Provincia, alla quale vuole conferire un nuovo ruolo come area vasta, cioè come ente intermedio che 1) coordini le politiche comunali, 2) declini sul territorio le politiche regionali. Il contributo analizza innovazioni, ambizioni e conflitti istituzionali causati dai cambiamenti normativi degli ultimi anni. ; The Delrio Law (2014) and the result of the constitutional referendum (2016) created a new institutional context in Italy. The interventions by the government on the provinces and the institution of metropolitan cities are evidence of the government's commitment to revising the entire architecture of the territory. Today the Lombardy Region considers the establishment of a metropolitan city and of the Province to be strategic. Therefore the government wants to assign the Province a new role as "big area", as an intermediate authority that 1) coordinates the municipal policies 2) implements the regional policies on the territory. This paper analyses those institutional innovations, ambitions and conflicts that rose from the legislative changes carried out in recent years.

Obiettivo del contributo è quello di analizzare le strategie di riordino territoriale messe in atto in Lombardia in applicazione della legge "Delrio" n. 56/2014. In particolare, si è inteso verificare se l'attuale fase di riconfigurazione territoriale potrà trasformarsi in un'occasione per mediare le esigenze e le visioni auspicate di sviluppo locale e regionale, anche in ottica culturale e sostenibile, con le tendenze all'integrazione in dinamiche internazionali e globali. La legge 'Delrio' n. 56/2014 e la bocciatura del referendum costituzionale del dicembre 2016 hanno, infatti, prodotto in Italia un nuovo contesto istituzionale che ha richiesto non pochi sforzi interpretativi agli enti interessati, generando limitazioni e nuove opportunità.

Il contributo affronta il tema delle politiche urbane del cibo con particolare riferimento alle città dell'Africa sub-sahariana. Le politiche urbane del cibo sono azioni istituzionali di crescente importanza volte a costruire sistemi agro-alimentari più sostenibili nelle città contemporanee, attraverso strategie intersettoriali (pianificazione urbana, tutela ambientale, gestione delle acque e dei rifiuti, trasporti, educazione, salute e politiche del cibo). Il dibattito si è sviluppato in prima istanza nelle città del Nord del mondo, ma si è poi allargato alla scala globale ed è stato recepito, seppure parzialmente, anche nella Nuova Agenda Urbana approvata dalle Nazioni Unite nel 2016. In questo contesto, le città africane costituiscono un caso di particolare interesse perché le caratteristiche quantitative e qualitative del processo di urbanizzazione in Africa pongono sfide inedite sia in termini di pianificazione urbana che per quanto concerne la sicurezza e la sovranità alimentare. La costruzione di politiche del cibo nelle città africane contribuisce dunque a ridefinire l'idea stessa di città e del rapporto tra aree urbane e rurali. Un elemento di particolare interesse all'interno di questo quadro è costituito dai partenariati internazionali che si stanno sviluppando nel settore delle politiche urbane del cibo. Il contributo pertanto, dopo una panoramica delle politiche sviluppate nelle singole città africane, pone l'accento sulle esperienze di cooperazione internazionale, con particolare attenzione al recente Patto di Milano quale quadro di riferimento per la costruzione di partenariati territoriali in ambito agro-alimentare. L'analisi si concentra sul caso italiano, analizzando partenariati già in atto con città africane e valutando possibili sviluppi futuri in relazione alle strategie governative di cooperazione allo sviluppo. In conclusione, vengono identificati una serie di temi chiave (accesso e gestione della terra, cambiamento climatico, agricoltura urbana e periurbana, gestione dei rifiuti) al fine di mettere a confronto i diversi casi analizzati e porre in evidenza specificità ed elementi comuni.

Negli ultimi anni abbiamo assistito ad una densa proliferazione di immagini sulle cui superfici gli eventi migratori si sono impressi e hanno trovato forma visuale. I premi assegnati nell'ambito del World Press Photo e di altre prestigiose competizioni fotogiornalistiche, il moltiplicarsi di mostre ed esibizioni costruite intorno alla cosiddetta questione migratoria, l'inflazione di fotoreportage e progetti estetici che narrano gli spazi di frontiera e le storie di chi prova ad attraversarli o è costretto ad abitarli, restituiscono in parte il decisivo ruolo che le performance visuali hanno nella rappresentazione degli eventi migratori contemporanei. L'obiettivo di questo intervento è di utilizzare lo spettro e la sua forza infestante come figura attraverso cui rileggere le immagini di migrazione e i loro effetti sullo spettatore. Il riferimento qui è all'hauntological approach proposto da Jacques Derrida (Derrida 1994) e rideclinato più di recente da alcuni studiosi in chiave visuale e geografica. Nella prima parte proverò quindi a tracciare i lineamenti teorici di questo approccio e le potenzialità che a mio avviso dischiude se applicato alla fotografia di migrazione. All'interno di questo quadro teorico verrà poi analizzato il progetto fotografico The Rescue realizzato da Francesco Giusti a Lesbo nel 2015, nel tentativo di comprendere la decisiva interazione fra pratiche visuali, politiche emozionali e responsività etica.

L'articolo si inserisce in un progetto di ricerca nazionale che esamina, per tutte le regioni e province italiane, la capacità di raggiungere le priorità della Politica di Coesione europea per il periodo 2014-2020. La prima parte del contributo presenta una rassegna della letteratura disponibile sul tema delle inner peripheries, con particolare attenzione alle metodologie utili per la loro identificazione. La seconda parte presenta un'analisi al livello nazionale, con un approfondimento per la Lombardia, e un indice di accessibilità multimodale selezionato per una valutazione preliminare del concetto di inner periphery. La terza parte dell'articolo discute una valutazione empirica di tale tipologia di territorio individuato nella regione Lombardia, utilizzando un insieme di indicatori forniti dal modello STEMA. La discussione sviluppata nelle tre sezioni ha lo scopo di esaminare i territori definiti come inner periphery in Lombardia sulla base degli indicatori resi disponibili dal progetto nazionale. ; Accessibility and Peripheries: An Empirical Investigation in the Lombardy Region. This paper is related to a national research project covering every Italian region and province with respect to their performances in the attainment of the priorities of the 2014-2020 EU Cohesion Policy. The first part of the paper presents a survey of the literature available on "inner peripheries", with specific regard to the methodologies useful for their identification. The second part will present an analysis at the national level, with a focus on the case of Lombardia, and the presentation of an index of multimodal accessibility, an indicator selected for a preliminary evaluation of the concept of "inner periphery". The third part of the paper will discuss an empirical assessment of the "inner peripheries" individuated in the Lombardia region, using a set of indicators provided by the STeMA model. The discussion developed in the three sections is intended to test the territories defined as "inner peripheries" in Lombardia according to the set of indicators made available by the national project.

The paper analyses two marches of resistance in Palermo with references to the public space as in Goheen's (1998) theses. In the first one, the public space gradually loses relevance and presents the citizens as consumers; in the second one, it remains an arena of the fights of those groups that claim to visibility and recognition. The itinerant ritual of Wu Ming 2 and the last Gay Pride in Palermo are the two kinds of march capable of creating collective spaces. In the former case, the itinerary has made the forgotten traces of history resurface and has linked them to our contemporary themes. In the latter, the attention to the precariousness of bodies has been claimed in a consenting Palermo. On the other hand, the institutional politics of pedestrianisation of the historical centre, by supporting a deep transformation of the public space, have produced a population that is passive and lured by consumption. ; L'article analyse deux marches résistantes à Palerme et reprend la thèse de Goheen (1998) sur l'espace public. L'espace public, dans la première thèse, perd progressivement de son importance et fait des citoyens consommateurs; dans la seconde, il continue à être une arène de luttes de groupes qui revendiquent visibilité. L'article analyse le rituel de marche de Wu Ming 2 et de la Gay Pride, deux marches capables de créer des espaces collectifs. Le premier cas a mis en évidence les traces oubliées de l'histoire et les a reliées à des thèmes contemporains. Le second, l'attention sur la précarité des corps a été revendiquée dans une Palerme concernée. La contrepartie de ces « mouvements » se trouve dans les politiques institutionnelles de piétonisation du centre historique qui ont favorisé une profonde transformation de l'espace public et produit une population passive attirée par la consommation.

I film hanno rappresentato l'evoluzione del paesaggio italiano per gran parte del novecento. Negli ultimi due decenni i film italiani hanno però smesso di esplorare le trasformazioni del territorio. La debolezza dell'industria cinematografica spiega in parte l'assenza del contemporaneo dagli schermi. Inoltre il diffuso ricorso al supporto economico degli enti pubblici, che spesso vedono i film come strumenti di promozione turistica, sembra influenzare le modalità di rappresentazione del paesaggio. Il contributo presenta una ricerca condotta sui film di maggior successo tra il 1990 e il 2014 alla ricerca dell'immagine del paesaggio italiano in essi prevalente e evidenzia alcune cause alla base di questa rappresentazione omogenea. ; Films have portrayed the evolution of the Italian urban landscape in the last 100 years. Nevertheless, contemporary movies partially ignore the recent transformations and represent instead a stereotyped image of Italian landscapes. The structure of the local movie industry could provide a first explanation of this phenomenon. Moreover, the financial support of productions provided by local government influences the choice of including or excluding elements of the landscape in the movies screen. The paper explores the new representations of landscape in Italian movies, in order to show which features of the changing contemporary Italian landscapes are visible and which are hidden.

The life and career of Sixto Rodríguez, the American folk-singer born in Detroit in 1942, weave together two different places. On the one hand, we find Detroit where at the turn of the Sixties Rodríguez recorded two albums without success. On the other, there is Cape Town where unknown to Rodríguez his music became very influential and its subversive contents found an unexpected space of resonance. This paper aims at investigating the double geography emerging from this astonishing musical biography. The analysis will focus on the complex relationship between musical practices and spatial formations, examining how power geometries shape and carve the field of their mutual production. If the failure of Rodríguez in the United States unveils the race and class connotation of the folk music industry, in the apartheid South Africa his songs seem to be capable of articulating political subjectivities and opening up a space for cultural critique. It is exploring the distance between these two musical geographies that we will try to reflect on the intersections between spatiality, politics and music culture

L'articolo traccia l'evoluzione della geografia ungherese tra le due guerre mondiali evidenziando gli stretti rapporti con il mondo politico magiaro. Si sottolinea come la disciplina geografica sia stata uno strumento di primaria importanza da parte della classe politica ungherese nel tentativo di recuperare, almeno in parte, i territori perduti dopo il primo conflitto mondiale. ; The article traces the evolution of Hungarian geography between the two world wars, highlighting the close relations with the Hungarian political world. It is emphasized that the geographical discipline was a tool of primary importance by the Hungarian political class in an attempt to recover, at least in part, the territories lost after the First World War. ; L'article retrace l'évolution de la géographie hongroise entre les deux guerres mondiales, mettant en évidence les relations étroites avec le monde politique hongrois. Il est souligné que la discipline géographique était un outil de première importance de la part de la classe politique hongroise pour tenter de récupérer, au moins en partie, les territoires perdus après la Première Guerre mondiale. ; El artículo traza la evolución de la geografía húngara entre las dos guerras mundiales, destacando las estrechas relaciones con el mundo político húngaro. Se destaca que la disciplina geográfica fue una herramienta de primordial importancia por parte de la clase política húngara en un intento por recuperar, al menos en parte, los territorios perdidos tras la Primera Guerra Mundial.

Paris is a widespread urban system: a space and a landscape which have progressively become polycentric, according to logics of spatial organization which are in syntony with the city's historical development, from the center towards its peripheral areas. The center has always been the privileged ensemble of famous places which record the succession of the different historical phases of the city. The peripheral areas, on the other hand, are spaces marked by social imbalance, ethnic miscegenation and segregation. There are therefore two Parises: the one of the symbolic landmarks and of the vivacity of its social encounters and the one of the immigrants and of their exclusion. Both these Parises, in spite of their striking differences, are involved in a process of renovation and reassembling. Through the years, several modernizing projects have touched various sectors of the city, and the criteria of intervention have been adapted to their changing problems. Among this criteria is the notion of lasting development, which should realize a link between the old and new areas of the city and, and at the same time, make the urban environment easier to access by all its inhabitants. The social and environmental commitment on the one hand improves the livability of the public areas and empowers traditional collective practices, while on the other helps contextualize the remains of the past on the basis of modern exigencies such as the improvement of the living conditions and a steadily increasing pollution safeguard. In order to understand the complex urban texture of a city like Paris we should proceed with an epistemological, aestetic, political and social interpretation which also takes into consideration the economic and territorial components, because all these interwoven aspects concur to the richness of the metropolitan landscape of Paris. The historico-geographic stratification of the French capital is the very basis of its inestimable value and can become a key factor of its modernity.

In Bosnia and Herzegovina changed both by the 1992-1995 war and the Dayton peace which was imposed from outside and which officialised the nationality-based division of the country, the contrasts that exploded during the conflict are still unsolved. The political forces stille base their electoral consent upon nationalistic themes, while the population has lost faith when it comes to a prospective of an economically better future. A good example of this situation is the town of Srebrenica and its surroundings, where Europe's biggest genocide since WW2 took place. There rest thousands of Muslims killed in July 1995 under the eyes of the UN military forces. The cemetery, a tangible symbol of the horrors which happened at the end of the XX century - not so different from the Nazi concentration camps thet were left standing for the whole world to see and for the generations to come to keep as a warning - should inspire absolute respect in anyone. But it does not. This area is inhabited mainly by a Serbian population, and is exposed to insults and abuse from people driving by. Twenty years from the genocide - which is considered as such by Muslims only and not by Serbs - true peace is still far away, and the nationalities - ex enemies but still rivals - think that only their own dead are to remembered, while those Others are only result of media publicity. Yet if all that can happen in the Third millennia Europe, it means that there is still something wrong in the continent.

La riflessione sulla discriminazione nei confronti delle comunità ROM dimostrano che tre sono i bisogni fondamentali: casa, istruzione e lavoro; gli stessi condivisi da un terzo della popolazione delle città del Sud. La ricerca suggerisce che non vi sarà fine della discriminazione se non si chiuderanno i "campi" e non si avvieranno politiche serie di inclusione sociale.