Suchergebnisse

The reflection on the relationship between language use and gender equity in Italy dates back to the late 1980s with Alma Sabatini's research Il sessismo nella lingua italiana (Sexism in the Italian language) (1987) and her Raccomandazioni per un uso non sessista della lingua italiana (Guidelines for a non-sexist use of the Italian language) (1986). Until recently, the issue has remained out of the broad political and cultural discourse, limited to academic research and feminist thought. In recent times, the issue has regained a broader interest with alternating fortune, but has not yet been the object of coherent language policies, unlike what has happened in the largest part of the Western World, including the Americas and most European countries. This paper aims at presenting the issue of language and gender in an unbiased linguistic perspective to disseminate linguistic metacompetence in language users, decision takers, and communicators. After a brief historical introduction, it first provides an overview of Italian nominal system and then analyses three factors that we judge to be at the ground of the sexist use of Italian from the sociolinguistic and cognitive perspectives.

In Italy, the term ableism is not commonly used in everyday language and is even less present in public debate compared to other forms of discrimination such as sexism or racism. However, ableism manifests very often in our society, generating inequalities, micro-aggressions, and social exclusion. This book presents the first empirical research regarding ableism in Italy, adopting an intersectional perspective on its relations with other forms of discrimination (sexism, classism, racism, etc.). Following the motto "Nothing about us without us", the research was conducted with a group of people with disabilities. The book has both an educational and scientific purpose. Firstly, it discusses the multiple manifestations of ableism and its consequences theoretically. Secondly, it describes the participatory research process aimed at developing a scale to identify ableist attitudes. Thirdly, it presents the results of a questionnaire on ableism and intersectionality, involving a representative sample of Italian adults. Lastly, it describes the discrimination experienced by people with disabilities in relation to multiple life areas (e.g., mobility, communication, sport, independent living) from the perspective of the research participants.

The research has investigated the role of sexist language, gender stereotypes, and roles prescriptions in the political sphere. It was framed in the tradition of social representations. We have studied the impact of specific linguistic categories – relative both to masculine or feminine declination for a Minister's political office, and to the use of references to stereotypical or counterstereotypical behaviours - on 1) the evaluation of political effectiveness, 2) the associations to the stimulus-words Man/Woman Minister, and 3) the ambivalent sexism towards women (ASI of Glick and Fisk, 1996) and men (AMI, Glick and Fisk, 1999). Participants were 830 genderbalanced Italian citizens (55.3% women) recruited in 2016 on a voluntary basis. The ANOVA model showed that the man minister was judged to be more effective in counter-stereotypical than in stereotypical behaviour; the woman minister was rated as more effective in stereotypical behaviour compared to the man in the same condition The associations presented a more stereotypical orientation, with a negative valence for the man minister than the woman minister.

Questa tesi di laurea si occupa della critica sociale di Dario Fo, un ricevitore del Premio Nobel, chi, collaborando spesso con sua moglie e musa Franca Rame, ha creato tante opere provocative e divertenti, come la raccolta Tutta casa, letto e chiesa. La coppia ha riconosciuto l'umorismo come un punto di forza del personaggio che può migliorare la qualità della vita. Sempre sorridendo, con il suo umorismo esagerato, lui riguardava i problemi sociali dei più oppressi e della gente nelle circostanze molto dure. Siccome lui e la Rame hanno sopravissuto tante difficoltà, Fo ha inserito nelle sue opere l'autenticità e uno spirito quasi aggressivo nei confronti del sistema in Italia, di politici corrotti, dei manipolatori e dei corruttori. L'umorismo si può trovare nei luoghi più insoliti, inaspettati e pericolosi, pieni della violenza famigliare, dell'opportunismo, del sessismo e del terrore. Con la loro opera Tutta casa, letto e chiesa hanno confermato che la lingua può reinventare la realtà, dimostrarla come fantastica, inventata e così evitare la censura dei politici e cercare di risolvere i problemi contemporanei indirettamente. L'opera Tutta casa, letto e chiesa è una raccolta di monologhi, destinati prima di tutto alle donne per sostenere gli ideali femministici e egualitari. I personaggi nella opera si differiscono per i loro tratti esterni come l'età e i ruoli sociali (una madre, una figlia, una moglie.), ma hanno in comune che contraddicono alla tradizione e alle abitudini che si prendono per normali con il senso per l'umorismo macabre. I personaggi sono delineati, anche se sono complessi in teoria, si comportano come spettatori, oppure meglio dire le vittime di circostanze sociali. Loro possono dire qualcosa, qualche critica, ma gli altri le raramente ascoltano, siccome sembrano di essere combattute. I personaggi ed il loro modo di pensare si sviluppano all'interno di una società nella cui cercano di trovare i rifugi e di essere felici, ma in fine dei conti è ovvio che l'unica verità che conta è nella mente di ogni individuo. ; Glavna tema ovog diplomskog rada je društvena kritika Daria Foa, dobitnika Nobelove nagrade, koji je često surađivao sa svojom suprugom i muzom Francom Rame, stvarajući tako mnoga provokativna i zabavna književna djela, uključujući djelo Tutta casa, letto e chiesa. Par prilazi humoru kao karakternoj crti koja može poboljšati kvalitetu života. Uvijek kroz smijeh i svojim preuveličanim humorom, Fo je prikazivao probleme potlačenih i ljudi s problemima u društvu. Također, budući da su on i Rame preživjeli mnoge poteškoće, njegova djela karakterizira autentičnost i gotovo agresivan duh kritike vladajućeg sustava u Italiji, korumpiranih političara, manipulatora i korumpatora. Humor se može pronaći na najneobičnijim, neočekivanim i najopasnijim mjestima pa tako i tamo gdje dominira obiteljsko nasilje, oportunizam, seksizam i teror. S djelom Tutta casa, letto e chiesa par je potvrdio da jezik može izmjeniti stvarnost, pokazati je fantastičnom ili izmišljenom, te da se pažljivom uporabom jezika može izbjeći cenzura i posredno rješavati suvremene probleme. Tutta casa, letto e chiesa zbirka je monologa, namijenjena prije svega ženama, koja podržava feminističke ideale i ideale ravnopravnosti. Protagonistice u djelu razlikuju se prema svojim vanjskim obilježjima kao što su dob i društvene uloge koje imaju (majka, kćer, supruga .), ali se suprotstavljaju tradiciji i navikama koje se najčešće prihvaćaju kao da su uobičajene i normalne. Likovi su linearni, čak i ako bi u teoriji mogli biti složeni, ponašaju se kao promatrači i žrtve svojih društvenih okolnosti. Oni se trude dati kritiku društva, ali drugi ih rijetko slušaju, jer im se čini da su u sukobu sami sa sobom. Likovi i njihov način razmišljanja razvijaju se paralelno s društvom u kojem pokušavaju naći utočište i biti sretni, ali na kraju je očito da je jedina stvarnost koja je bitna u umu svakog pojedinca. ; The main theme of master's thesis is the social criticism of Dario Fo, a Nobel Prize recipient, who often collaborated with his wife and muse Franca Rame, thus creating many provocative and fun works including All house, bed and church. The couple recognized humor as a character strength that can improve the quality of life. Always through laughter, with his exaggerated humor, he approached the social problems of the oppressed and troubled people . Since he and Rame survived many difficulties, his works were characterised by authenticity and an almost aggressive spirit towards the ruling system in Italy, towards the corrupt politicians, the manipulators and the corrupters. Humor can be found in the most unusual, unexpected and dangerous places that reek of family violence, opportunism, sexism and terror. With their All house, bed and church they have confirmed that language can reinvent reality, demonstrate it as fantastic or invented , thus avoid the censorship and try to solve contemporary problems indirectly. All house, bed and church is a collection of monologues, intended primarily for women to support feminist and egalitarian ideals. The protagonists in the work differ in their external features such as age and social roles they have (a mother, a daughter, a wife .), but have in common the way they contradict the tradition and habits that are most commonly taken as normal with a macabre sense of humor. The characters are linear, even when complex in theory, they behave like spectators or victims of their social circumstances. They may try to criticise, but others rarely listen to them, as they seem to be in conflict with themselves. The characters and their way of thinking develop alongside the society, in which they are trying to find a refuge and be happy, but in the end it is obvious that the only reality that matters is in the mind of each individual.