Suchergebnisse

We investigate gender representations applied to a Ministerial political office, the attitudes towards women in a group of Chinese college students and whether such attitudes are reflected in the representations of the Ministerial political office. These representations were detected, inter alia, by the request of three free associations to the stimulus-words Man/Woman Minister. With the scale of Glick and Fiske (1996), administered after the free associations, we verified the twofactor structure of Ambivalent Sexism (ASI, Hostile / Benevolent Sexism) highlighted in a crosscultural comparison in 19 countries (Glick et al., 2000). The respondents were 181 students at Hangzhou Dianzi University and Zhejiang University (51.4% women; average age about 22 years) contacted in 2016. The results confirmed the two-factor structure of the ASI scale, which explains 31.8% of the total variance, with a first factor of Hostile Sexism (HS) and a second factor of Benevolent Sexism (BS). Textual data revealed a general vocabulary differentiated for Man/Woman Minister. The findings were commented by referring to the literature on stereotypes and gender bias, to the specificity of Chinese cultural context, to the comparison with similar Italian investigations, and also to the reference to political representations.

In Italy, the term ableism is not commonly used in everyday language and is even less present in public debate compared to other forms of discrimination such as sexism or racism. However, ableism manifests very often in our society, generating inequalities, micro-aggressions, and social exclusion. This book presents the first empirical research regarding ableism in Italy, adopting an intersectional perspective on its relations with other forms of discrimination (sexism, classism, racism, etc.). Following the motto "Nothing about us without us", the research was conducted with a group of people with disabilities. The book has both an educational and scientific purpose. Firstly, it discusses the multiple manifestations of ableism and its consequences theoretically. Secondly, it describes the participatory research process aimed at developing a scale to identify ableist attitudes. Thirdly, it presents the results of a questionnaire on ableism and intersectionality, involving a representative sample of Italian adults. Lastly, it describes the discrimination experienced by people with disabilities in relation to multiple life areas (e.g., mobility, communication, sport, independent living) from the perspective of the research participants.

The research has investigated the role of sexist language, gender stereotypes, and roles prescriptions in the political sphere. It was framed in the tradition of social representations. We have studied the impact of specific linguistic categories – relative both to masculine or feminine declination for a Minister's political office, and to the use of references to stereotypical or counterstereotypical behaviours - on 1) the evaluation of political effectiveness, 2) the associations to the stimulus-words Man/Woman Minister, and 3) the ambivalent sexism towards women (ASI of Glick and Fisk, 1996) and men (AMI, Glick and Fisk, 1999). Participants were 830 genderbalanced Italian citizens (55.3% women) recruited in 2016 on a voluntary basis. The ANOVA model showed that the man minister was judged to be more effective in counter-stereotypical than in stereotypical behaviour; the woman minister was rated as more effective in stereotypical behaviour compared to the man in the same condition The associations presented a more stereotypical orientation, with a negative valence for the man minister than the woman minister.

Este texto caracteriza a situação das mulhres migrantes na União Européia. Na Europa, em 2006, havia um contingente de 18.5 milhões de migrantes procedentes de países do Terceiro Mundo, 54% dos quais eram mulheres. As mulheres migrantes sofrem vulnerabilidades ligadas ao trabalho, participação política e social, maior exposição às violências e sexismo. As autoras apresentam a legislação atual referente à migração no perído de 2000 a 2007, apontando alguns programas e políticas de integração e enfatizando o respeito aos direitos humanos fundamentais." ; This text characterizes the situation of (im)migrating women in the European Union. In Europe, in 2006, there was a contingent of 18.5 million (im)migrants coming from Developing Countries, 54% of which were women. (Im)Migrating women suffer vulnerabilities linked to work, to lower political and social participation, higher exposition to violence and sexism. The authors present the current legislation concerned to (im)migration in the 2000-2007 period, showing some integration programs and policies and highlighting the respect to basic human rights.

The reflection on the relationship between language use and gender equity in Italy dates back to the late 1980s with Alma Sabatini's research Il sessismo nella lingua italiana (Sexism in the Italian language) (1987) and her Raccomandazioni per un uso non sessista della lingua italiana (Guidelines for a non-sexist use of the Italian language) (1986). Until recently, the issue has remained out of the broad political and cultural discourse, limited to academic research and feminist thought. In recent times, the issue has regained a broader interest with alternating fortune, but has not yet been the object of coherent language policies, unlike what has happened in the largest part of the Western World, including the Americas and most European countries. This paper aims at presenting the issue of language and gender in an unbiased linguistic perspective to disseminate linguistic metacompetence in language users, decision takers, and communicators. After a brief historical introduction, it first provides an overview of Italian nominal system and then analyses three factors that we judge to be at the ground of the sexist use of Italian from the sociolinguistic and cognitive perspectives.

This article focuses on three different approaches and methods of literary analysis: cultural studies, postcolonial studies, and feminist criticism. Each approach is analyzed with regard to different linguistic and literary contexts. However, the choice to keep the three approaches separate is functional for the purposes of this essay and for the sake of greater clarity, since in fact they constantly intersect and intertwine due to their interdisciplinary nature and political dimension. The first part of the first section shows how the persistence of Croce's approach to literature prevents Cultural Studies from being fully applied to the field of Italian studies. Their extraordinary potentialities are then presented, especially in the teaching of Italian literature. The second section traces the origins and the evolution of postcolonial studies as a particularly fruitful and complex research field, which is capable to inform some of the central literary, cultural, and ideological debates of our time. It also illustrates their main lines of research as well as the resistance to these studies from cultural contexts such as the French and Italian ones. Finally, the third and last section of the essay focuses on feminist criticism, particularly in the English-speaking context, from its beginnings in the late 1960s to the present. It focuses on its key concepts, such as the notions of "situated knowledges," "re-vision," the recovery of feminine traditions and "gynocriticism," up to the concept of "intersectionality," which analyzes discrimination in its complexity, recognizing how various systems of domination and dominant ideologies (racism, xenophobia, sexism, misogyny, transphobia, homophobia, ableism, ageism, etc.) intersect, producing effects on people and societies.