Suchergebnisse

The Safeguards Directorate of the European Commission (Euratom) is making efforts to increase its safeguards efficiency by attempting to reduce its expenditure for routine inspections. However, this should not involve a loss but rather an increase of safeguards effectiveness. The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) is also pursuing such plans on behalf on its member states. A technically promising concept is the application of unattended remote monitoring systems (URMS). Such systems, which have not been previously used, could, for example, consist of components for optical surveillance, electronic sealing and radiation detection. From the perspective of the IAEA and EURATOM safeguards authorities, the most important requirement for such systems is the recording of authentic safeguards data in Vienna and Luxembourg. From the perspective of the member states, there is also the important requirement for confidential treatment of the transmitted data. Only encrypted data transmission can therefore be taken into consideration so that unauthorized agencies are unable to gather any information from the data. Another requirement is that the introduction of remote interrogation systems into routine safeguards must be justified for reasons of cost saving, as regards procurement and, in particular, operation of the systems in comparison to the previous manpower-intensive safeguards. The goal is to save a considerable fraction of the on-site inspection activities. To this end a number of technical and procedural problems have to be solved, such as ensuring high system reliability, the transmission and processing of very large volumes of data, delayed image transmission as well as secure management of key words with respect to authentication and encryption. These issues can only be solved in cooperation with the operators of nuclear facilities, equipment developers and safeguards organizations. Therefore the German nuclear industry in consultation with the German Government, advocated field tests. As an example, image ...

". Die vorliegende Studie reiht sich in die Untersuchungen des Hannah-Arendt-Instituts zur Rolle von Hochtechnologien in der Volkswirtschaft der DDR ein. Dabei hatte die Kerntechnik, besonders die Kernenergienutzung, im Hinblick auf den erwarteten Nutzen und die notwendigen wissenschaftlich-technischen Anstrengungen, in der frühen DDR eine ähnliche Bedeutung wie Hochtechnologien in heutigen Volkswirtschaften ." [. aus der Einleitung]