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According to the 1993 Constitution, the Republic of Kazakstan was proclaimed as a democratic, secular, and unitary state. Human beings, their life, freedom, and inherent rights were granted the status of supreme value. A presidential republic as a form of government arose from the functions of the head of state and executive. The supreme legislative body, a one-chamber parliament (Supreme Soviet), preserved remnants of the old Soviet state system in name and function, denying the principle of the division of power. The Supreme Soviet was the only legislative and higher representative body that did not correspond to its legislative function, since that implied a hierarchical power structure. As the only legislative body, parliament could not have subordinate structures. According to the Constitution, the Supreme Soviet issued laws, controlled the observance of laws, and made formal interpretations of laws. This contradicted the power-division principle, according to which it should be the legislative body only. Judicial power in the republic in accordance with the 1993 Constitution belonged to the Constitutional Court, the Supreme Court, and the Supreme Court of Arbitration, which was to be elected by the Supreme Soviet. But this also contradicted the power-division principle.

In the 20 years since the Paris accords of 1991 brought peace to Cambodia, the country has undergone what can only be described as astounding change. From a polity where the entire fabric of society had been rent asunder through years of war and genocide, contemporary Cambodia is fast becoming a vibrant state and assuming a new position in the Asia-Pacific region. The contributions to this volume - many by prominent figures who were intimately connected with the process - describe the diverse strands of mediation and peace-building which went into the creation of the 1991 accords. The subseque

Introduction: spectator of calamities -- Five political crises: the new semiotic environment -- Turning history into happening -- The Persians -- From the ruins of 9/11: grief and terror -- Facing terror -- War documents -- Bodies count -- The spectacle of our suffering

Intro -- Foreword -- Contents -- Notes on Contributors -- Abbreviations -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Chapter 1: Introduction: Foreign Policy Change -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Defining and Conceptualizing Foreign Policy Change -- 3 Studying Foreign Policy Change -- 4 Explaining Foreign Policy Change -- 4.1 International Level -- 4.2 Domestic and Individual Level Factors -- 5 Conclusions and Book Structure -- References -- Chapter 2: Belgian Foreign Policy: In Foro Interno, Inferno? -- 1 Introduction -- 2 General Foreign Policy Orientation -- 2.1 Adjusting to a New External and Internal Environment During the 1990s -- 2.1.1 Institutional Changes of the 1990s -- 2.1.2 Looking for Belgium's National Interest -- 2.2 Ethical Foreign Policy in the Early 2000s -- 2.3 Foreign Policy in the 2010s: From One Crisis to Another -- 3 Defense and Security Policy -- 3.1 End of the Cold War Till 9/11 -- 3.2 The 2000s: Focus on European Defense and Transatlantic Discord -- 3.3 The 2010s: Return to Normalcy in Times of Budgetary Constraints -- 4 Development Cooperation Policy -- 4.1 Belgian Aid in the 1990s: All About White Elephants? -- 4.2 The 2000s: Increasing Aid Effectiveness -- 4.3 The 2010s: Focusing on LDCs and Fragile Situations -- 5 Multi- and Bilateral Diplomacy -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3: Czech Foreign Policy After the Velvet Revolution -- 1 Introduction -- 2 General Foreign Policy Orientation -- 2.1 International Orientation Change After the Velvet Revolution -- 2.2 Western Orientation of the Czech Republic -- 2.3 The Adjustment of the Czech Republic's Western Orientation -- 3 Defense and Security Policy -- 3.1 Threat Perception -- 3.2 Defense Policy and Military Sector Transformation -- 3.3 Military Operations -- 4 Development Cooperation Policy -- 5 Bilateral Relations -- 5.1 The Czech-German Relationship.

'Sechs Jahre nach Unterzeichnung des deutsch-polnischen Nachbarschaftsvertrags läßt sich unschwer feststellen, daß das Profil und die Probleme des bilateralen Verhältnisses im Verlauf der neunziger Jahre eine neue Qualität bekommen haben. 199O wurde das deutsch-polnische Verhältnis von den inneren und äußeren Aspekten der Erlangung der deutschen Einheit dominiert; 1997 wird es zumindest auf der offiziellen Ebene von einer expandierenden Nachbarschaftspolitik im Rahmen der vorgezeichneten Zugehörigkeit zu denselben Bündnissen (EU, NATO) getragen. Die Entwicklung der Nachbarschaftsbeziehungen steht im Mittelpunkt des Berichts, der in erweiterter Form der Enquete-Kommission 'Überwindung der Folgen der SED-Diktatur im Prozeß der deutschen Einheit' vorgelegt wurde. Eine vorläufige Bilanz und Bewertung soll schließlich die Entwicklung des deutsch-polnischen Verhältnisses in einen größeren zeitgeschichtlichen Zusammenhang stellen.' (Autorenreferat)

'Die grundlegenden geopolitischen Veränderungen im weiten Raum der ehemaligen UdSSR haben Bevölkerungsverschiebungen im großen Stil mit sich gebracht, u.a. auch in der Ukraine. Dies hat (besonders stark in denjenigen Regionen, die von den größten Migrationsbewegungen betroffen sind) zahlreiche soziale, wirtschaftliche und politische Probleme aufgeworfen, deren Lösung durch die Schwierigkeiten der Übergangsperiode und durch die tiefe Wirtschaftskrise erschwert wird. Weil im Lande eine stabile Situation bewahrt werden konnte und ethnische Konflikte nicht stattfanden, konnten katastrophale Folgen einer Massenmigration vermieden werden. Daneben müssen die Probleme der Migration, die mit vielen sehr wichtigen Aspekten der Entwicklung des ukrainischen Staates und mit der Frage der Menschenrechte zusammenhängen, bei der Gestaltung der staatlichen Politik ständig berücksichtigt und der objektiven wissenschaftlichen Analyse unterzogen werden.' (Autorenreferat)

Composed in 1919 as a rebuke to Bolshevik rule, Alexander Chayanov's utopian story about a future, peasant-dominated Russia has fascinated scholars from a wide variety of disciplines. This article provides a critical overview of the Russian- and English-language scholarship on Chayanov's peasant utopia that has emerged over the last three decades. The intellectual and ideological contexts in which the text has been situated are explored and compared. The article also discusses how the utopia has been understood in ideological and political terms, and how scholars have wrestled with ambiguities arising from its relativism, parodic qualities and potentially dystopian elements.