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China's rapid economic progress from an impoverished communist state to the world's second largest economy within just three decades has enthralled many economists. That the country shifted from the classical centrally-planned command economy to one espousing free market practices while maintaining communist rule, has all given rise to this question: What exactly is the China model? Is it the hybrid of innovative state ownership and tight political control? Or is the rapid growth the result of liberal economic and political reforms?

The authors of the handbook conclude that efforts to address poverty, inequality and unmet social needs in Singapore would be greatly enhanced by: (a) the development of locally relevant and nuanced monetary and non-monetary measures of poverty that are made publicly available; and (b) more sharing of disaggregated data from government studies and surveys. These steps would enable academics, VWOs and the public at large become more aware of the issues related to poverty and inequality in Singapore, and be placed in a better position to weigh in on debates and solutions.

This article examines the modern kitchen as a technological artefact and a mechanism through which the postcolonial Singaporean state and agents of household consumerism such as advertisers, retailers, home economists, and social scientists constructed the image of a modern Singaporean woman. By revealing how the female consumer-cum-homemaker became a symbol of material success and middle-class status in Fordist Singapore, the article highlights two types of domestication: the subordination of women to the patriarchal imperatives of family and nation, and the transformation of hard successes in the economy into soft comforts in the kitchen. This article suggests that although the state had narrowed the gap between popular expectations for improved living standards and its ability to fulfil them, it also unwittingly enmeshed definitions of femininity, womanhood, and female citizenship in a series of contradictions and tensions that had implications for contemporary Singaporean society.

Gross domestic product in Singapore fell in real terms by 1.8% in 1985. To combat the recession the Economic Committee was inaugurated by the government. Overview of: character of the commercial policy; investments; sectors of the economy of particular interest to the economy; economic penetration by Japan, Australia and Sweden; Singapore's view about the relations with the EC and the development of Singapore's attitude towards ASEAN. List with members of the cabinet. Trade relations and balance of payments, 1979-85. (Economische Voorlichtingsdienst)

"As Singapore enters its 50th year of independence, it is a good time to reflect on its past as well as look to the future. 50 Years of Singapore-Europe Relations: Celebrating Singapore's Connections with Europe is one such contribution to the wide collection of books commemorating Singapore's 50th birthday. The essays and articles in this edited volume capture historical moments, reveal the heartfelt wishes and thoughtful comments of Europeans who have made Singapore their home, chronicle some of the long-standing partnerships and ponder the future challenges of Singapore. This unique book contains a wide range of essays and articles reflecting on the strong connections that Singapore enjoys with Europe, not only at the official level, but also through the contributions that Europeans and European companies have made — and continue to make — which enrich Singaporean society. These essays provide a kaleidoscope of views on Singapore — they explore how close ties and partnerships are forged between nations, how businesses see Singapore as a trustworthy partner and place to invest and establish roots, and, at a more personal level, the articles also present different perspectives on the strengths, and at times, the weaknesses of Singapore as viewed through the eyes of Europeans who live and work in Singapore and consider it as their home. In commemorating Singapore's 50th birthday, this book will add to the understanding of the richness and diversity of Singapore society, and help readers appreciate and reflect on how openness and connectivity have contributed to the success of Singapore in its first 50 years."--

A survey of 16 female entrepreneurs in Singapore, by interview or
questionnaire, to establish their present characteristics and changes
over the last two decades was conducted. They were found to be better
educated than the general population of women, concentrated in the
service sector, to own small or medium‐sized businesses, and to be
moving into high growth industries in disproportionately high numbers.
Fewer women than previously are family business helpers and inheritance
of a business is also less important.

Sheila Allan was just 17 years old when Japanese forces invaded Malaya in late 1941. British leaders surrendered at Singapore in 1942, subjecting hundreds of thousands of soldiers and civilians to Japanese internment for the duration of the war — including Allan. During that time, she became infatuated with the women's camp commandant, Dr Elinor Hopkins, whom she described as a 'dream mother'. Her love and admiration blurred the lines between familial intimacy and sexual desire. Meanwhile, Allan was categorised as 'Eurasian' by both her Japanese captors and other European captives. She longed to be regarded as British and Australian, like her father. Nonetheless, white women condemned Eurasian women as sexually lax and immoral and questioned their right to be interned. As a result, Allan's desires for a white 'dream mother' reveal the fraught nature of racial, gender and sexual identities in wartime and under colonialism. These influenced not only her methods and strategies of coping during the war, but her hopes of finding love and intimacy when it was over. Her story reveals how fragile colonial categories and wartime violence fractured the destinies of colonial subjects, while love and devotion could be life-affirming.

AbstractThis article traces the changes in research on tween girls' dress. Traditionally, girls' adult‐like dressing has been predominantly understood through the discourse of sexualization. Girls are seen to be prematurely sexualized when they fashion themselves after adults. This is a cause for concern as the young girl subject is seen as an unknowing victim, who is vulnerable to a range of physical, sexual, and psychological harm when she fashions herself after adults. Recent scholarship, however, have begun to pay more attention to girls' agency and viewpoints when it comes to what they want to wear. Scholars have begun to work with (rather than on) girls, situating girls' perspectives at the center of their research. Such studies acknowledge that girls are not passive recipients of an adult culture or the types of messages that they receive about what to wear. Nonetheless, in outlining the shifts in research on girls' dressing, this article highlights how scholarship on girls' young femininities remains Western‐centric. There is a need for more research on girlhood and girls' cultural identities outside the West, and especially in the context of Singapore. Much of the research on youth within this region has focused on girls' roles and identities as students.

This article examines the shortcomings that have arisen over the years in Singapore's open and competitive procurement system for public works. The shortcomings are due to the central priority frequently given to bid prices at the expense of key non-price factors, namely work quality, contractor reliability, work safety, and environmental sustainability. In the light of these shortcomings, the article considers the reforms which have been implemented by the Singapore government to ensure such non-price factors are given greater priority and become decisive criteria in both the award of public works contracts and in the evaluation of contractor performance. The article further discusses the reasons for the government's commitment to promote non-price factors in public works, highlighting Singapore's global standing, national aspirations, competitiveness, and changing public expectations. To guide the analysis, the article draws on market failure theory as applied to the procurement market, which avers that open and competitive systems of procurement may mal-function by failing to deliver value for money as a result of compromising work quality and contractor reliability, and by thwarting the achievement of social objectives such as work safety and environmental sustainability. Adapted from the source document.

Southeast Asia, former battleground of opposing ideologies, is increasingly turning to market liberalisation; in Vietnam the vision of a 'socialist-oriented market economy', in Singapore that of a 'knowledge society' is pursued. This paper assesses the influence of these visions on the local conceptualisations of public space. On Ba Dinh Square/Hanoi, official space is transformed into concrete public space through citizens' negotiation. In Singapore's libraries, the aim to foster knowledge production and creativity results in the construction of spaces for collaborative learning and discussions. This paper studies the political balancing act between tolerating the voicing of public opinion and upholding authoritarian governance practices, the focus being on the conceptualisations of public space and their role in redefining social order.

Corruption is a major threat faced by China and anyone who wants to do business in the country. In recent years, the Chinese government's crackdowns in corruption has led to some success. In the Berlin-based non-profit Transparency International's Corruption Perceptions Index 2017, China ranked 77th with a score of 41 out of 100, a slight improvement from the score of 36 in 2014. The index ranks 180 countries and territories by their perceived levels of public sector corruption according to experts and businesspeople with a scale of 0 to 100, where 0 is highly corrupt and 100 is very clean.