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The confluence of technological advancement, globalisation and economic liberalisation in the recent years has prompted governments in developed and developing countries alike to prioritise skills development as a key strategy for economic competitiveness and growth. India has the youngest and one of the largest pools of "demographic dividend" that needs to be nurtured, and through appropriate skill development it can foster economic growth, equitable wealth generation as well as meet the global skill shortages. The large population, majority of which are either unemployed or underemployed in the unorganized sector, need to be given adequate skill training which will not only aid the industries but will also encourage entrepreneurial ventures that will in turn generate future employment opportunities and fuel economic growth. This paper is an attempt to understand the existing skill development landscape in India by having a birds's eye view of the importance of skill development for the economy, skill related statistics, institutional framework in skill development, skill development initiatives running in the country currently, major challenges, policy framework and the road head for meeting the Government's aim to train 500 million people by 2022 by empowering all individuals through improved skills, knowledge and nationally and internationally recognised qualifications to gain access to decent employment and ensure India's competitiveness in the global market. It is observed that in order to make the skill development mission a success, it is important for the Government to focus on inclusive measures, quality in delivery, use of information and communication technology to meet scalabity and speed of delivery, introduction of modular and short term programs to meet industry specific needs etc. The cooperative federation and the involvement of States will further boost the skill development ecosystem in India.

I am pleased to have been given the opportunity to talk to you about skills development. There is no doubt that governments and institutions around the world have reached a critical stage where we must increase our efforts to find creative solutions to world-wide skills shortages, deficits and challenges.// In addressing the issue of skills development I will be talking specifically about technical and vocational education and training – TVET – and the role of open and flexible learning in this domain.

"August 1979." ; Cover title. ; Includes bibliographical references. ; Mode of access: Internet. ; 2

I am extremely grateful to Pakistan Institute of Development
Economics, Islamabad for giving me an opportunity to share my views on
"Skill Development for Growth and Productivity". Pakistan is currently
experiencing an exciting period of economic and social change. The
post-WTO regime and the global market dictate has exposed Pakistans'
economy to international competitiveness necessitating rapid
technological changes in the industry. There is definite and recurring
need to optimise human resources through Skill Development efforts for
achieving high productivity culture for investments in the industrial,
commercial, agriculture and services sectors. There is clear indication
that low cost labour will no longer be significant advantage for any
business which is not based on productivity charged and quality oriented
workforce. Therefore, a growing realisation exists for the huge skill
deficiency and the demand for competitive workforce with constant supply
from educational, vocational/technical training institutions. These hard
facts point towards urgent development of strong network between various
stakeholders to achieve skill development for economic development.
Indeed skill excellence and human resource development has been
acknowledged as the major component of economic and social development
that contributes in direct proportion to poverty alleviation and
national prosperity.

Work Skills and educational achievement are necessities that too many of the world's people do not possess. Focus on more employment opportunities need to be created to equip workers which will not improve individual lives of the workers but also stimulate the economy of countries, reduce poverty and improve standard of living and make the nations more competitive in the global economy .Skill development programmes are conceptualized, executed and monitored by various organizations the major objective is to help people earn a sustainable livelihood through skilling and up skilling. The government initiative is the only way to educate the people.

Open and distance learning provides a means to accessing the skills needed for development. The demands for training from the labour market are very large and ongoing; the demands from young people seeking employment or wanting to become self-employed are critical. This book examines the various aspects of delivering skills training by open and distance learning: the stakeholders; the learners; the curriculum; designing, developing and delivering the courses; supporting the students; training the staff; accrediting the results and assuring the quality of training. It also looks at ways of teaching practical skills. The final chapter brings everything together by showing how all of these various processes can be managed from an institutional context. The writers and case studies are drawn from Africa, Australia, Canada, the Caribbean, India and the United Kingdom. They offer information and advice on increasing access to technical and vocational education using open and distance learning. They suggest how a single-mode institution using traditional delivery methodology might become a dual-mode institution incorporating open and distance learning. The book is designed for managers, policy-makers and government officials. It applies to any organisation that needs to deliver training to its staff in any sector of employment. // Series formerly called "Perspectives on Teacher Education." Renamed to "Perspectives on Open and Distance Learning."

In this paper, we propose and analyze a nonlinear mathematical model to study the effect of skill development on unemployment. We assume that government promulgates different levels of skill development programs for unemployed persons through which two different categories of skilled persons, namely, the low-skilled and the highly-skilled persons, are coming out and the highly-skilled persons are able to create vacancies. The model is studied using stability theory of nonlinear differential equations. We find analytically that there exists a unique positive equilibrium point of the proposed model system under some conditions. Also, the resulting equilibrium is locally as well as globally stable under certain conditions. The effective use of implemented policies to control unemployment by providing skills to unemployed persons and the new vacancies created by highly-skilled persons are identified by using optimal control analysis. Finally, numerical simulation is carried out to support analytical findings.

National development and a growing economy depend on a skilled work-force. This assumes special importance in India as our country has the privilege of being the youngest nation in the world where 50% of its population is below the age of 30 years. It is estimated that this working age group (15-59 years) is likely to be more than 64% by 2021 and India will have 25% of the world's total work force by 2025. On 15 nth of August 2015, the prime-minister of India, Shri Narendra Modi stated, "Skilling is building a better India'.The unemployment rate in India was 4.9% in early 2014 and this percentage becomes huge when seen in absolute terms. The rate of unemployment among graduates was 18% in 2011-2012(IHD Report, 2014).It was also observed that 60% of graduates were underemployed which means that their work did not need graduate skills.(Aggarwal,2009).There is a huge section of the work force in our country who are unemployable as they do not meet the skill requirements of the employers inspite of having undergone training. Our country has Industrial Training Institutes (ITI's), Polytechniques, Vocational Training Centres ,self –financed courses in the higher education system yet there is a shortage of skilled workers in the country.The Centre and the State have made extensive efforts in this direction in urban and rural India and which is continuing on an on-going basis .It is imperative that all stake-holders join hands to ensure effective implementation of the skill development programmes. The major initiatives taken by the government and private players have been discussed in the paper.The author has given various suggestions to intensify the skill development initiatives which is the need of the hour in order to build a strong national economy.