Suchergebnisse

PurposeThis study aims to explore and empirically test variables influencing material delivery schedule inaccuracies?Design/methodology/approachA mixed-method case approach is applied. Explanatory variables are identified from the literature and explored in a qualitative analysis at an automotive original equipment manufacturer. Using logistic regression and random forest classification models, quantitative data (historical schedule transactions and internal data) enables the testing of the predictive difference of variables under various planning horizons and inaccuracy levels.FindingsThe effects on delivery schedule inaccuracies are contingent on a decoupling point, and a variable may have a combined amplifying (complexity generating) and stabilizing (complexity absorbing) moderating effect. Product complexity variables are significant regardless of the time horizon, and the item's order life cycle is a significant variable with predictive differences that vary. Decoupling management is identified as a mechanism for generating complexity absorption capabilities contributing to delivery schedule accuracy.Practical implicationsThe findings provide guidelines for exploring and finding patterns in specific variables to improve material delivery schedule inaccuracies and input into predictive forecasting models.Originality/valueThe findings contribute to explaining material delivery schedule variations, identifying potential root causes and moderators, empirically testing and validating effects and conceptualizing features that cause and moderate inaccuracies in relation to decoupling management and complexity theory literature?

Until the 1840s, the dominating language in Finland was Swedish, even if ca. 80 per cent of the population had Finnish as mother tongue. The admin­istration, academic life, public matters and literary life were conducted in Swedish. The literature in Finnish was limited mostly to the religious do­main, basic legislation and books of rudimentary instruction for agriculture and medicine, one or two newspapers and journals. The situation started to change in the 1840s, with the birth of the Finnish national movement. One of the most important actors in this movement was the philosopher, journalist and statesman Johan Wilhelm Snellman (1806–1881). This article presents his views on how translations from foreign languages can be used to form a Finnish national literature. His views in this matter were closely related to his theoretical philosophy that was heavily influenced by Hegel. Snellman demanded that the Swedish-speaking elite should change its language into Finnish, and create a high-class Finnish-language national literature of scholarly books and belles-lettres. Translations from foreign languages would give standards for Finnish writers and build contacts to the general European literature and culture. He initiated in 1870 a translation program that was managed by the Finnish Literature Society. ; Iki XIX a. 5-ojo dešimtmečio dominuojanti kalba Suomijoje buvo švedų, nors suomių kalba buvo gimtoji net apie 80 procentų gyventojų. Švedų kalba buvo vartojama administracinės valdžios srityje, akademiniame ir literatūriniame gyvenime, viešumoje. Suomių kalba buvo vartojama ribotai – religinėje srityje, pagrindiniuose teisės aktuose, žemės ūkiui ir medicinai skirtuose leidiniuose, kuriuose buvo dėstomos pradinės žinios, ir viename ar dviejuose laikraščiuose bei žurnaluose. Padėtis ėmė keistis XIX a. 5-ajame dešimtmetyje, kai Suomijoje prasidėjo nacionalinis judėjimas. Vienas žinomiausių nacionalinio atgimimo dalyvių buvo filosofas, žurnalistas ir valstybės veikėjas Johanas Wilhelmas Snellmanas (1806–1881). Straipsnyje aptariamos jo mintys apie vertimus ir tai, kaip vertimai gali prisidėti prie Suomijos nacionalinės literatūros gausinimo. Snellmano požiūris šioje srityje buvo glaudžiai susijęs su jo teorine filosofija, kuriai savo ruožtu didelę įtaką darė Hegelio filosofija. Snellmanas reikalavo, kad švediškai kalbantis elitas pereitų prie suomių kalbos vartosenos ir sukurtų aukštos klasės mokslinių knygų ir grožinės literatūros suomių kalba. Vertimai iš užsienio kalbų suteiktų Suomijos rašytojams standartus ir supažindintų su visa Europos literatūra ir kultūra. 1870 m. Snellmanas parengė vertimo programą, kuriai vadovavo Suomijos literatūros draugija.

Jean-Maurice Bizière : The French Revolution as seen from the Danish embassy in Paris (1788-1794).
The correspondance of the Danish diplomatic agents in Paris during the Revolution is particularly valuable because of its impressive time span. Otto Von Blome stayed in Paris until July 1793 ; he was replaced by a legation secretary, Johan Kønemann until July 1797 and then by a new ambassador Christopher Vilhelm Dreyer. These different correspondants drew up a rich chronicle of the revolutionary years which mirrors their definitely hostile reactions to the events but also their criticisms of the Ancien Régime and their appreciation of certain positive aspects of revolutionary policy. They did not underestimate the very scale of the revolutionary changes.

"Sittlichkeit" (siveellisyys) is one of the key concepts used by Finnish women's rights activists when they in the beginning of 20th century demanded the rights for political participation. But how is the term siveellisyys, the meaning of which a modern Finnish reader easily connects with prudish sexual morality, related to political participation and suffrage? I argue that in the Finnish suffragists' argumentation for the vote the term has a clear public and political dimension, which can be best understood through the concept of Sittlichkeit as it appears in Johan Vilhelm Snellman's political philosophy influenced by Hegel's system of concepts, referring to the political nature of action and getting a meaning close to "civic". I will focus on explicating the interplay of two of the meanings that the term siveellisyys gets in women's texts: that of the Snellmanian idea of the political nature of action, and that of pure sexual morality. I argue that on one hand suffragists use the term siveellisyys similarly to the Snellmanian concept of Sittlichkeit to enable women to be considered as political actors and to construct an idea of political action which they contrast to party politics. On the other hand, in its meaning related to sexual ethics, the term siveellisyys is used to indicate that not all women are capable for political action. ; Peer reviewed

SAMLEDE SKRIFTER Samlede skrifter (-) Samlede skrifter (Femtende Bind) ( - ) Titelseite ( - ) Indhold ( - ) Skikkelser og Tanker - Første Bind ([1]) Forord ([3]) Danmark ([5]) H.C. Andersen (1900) ([5]) I ([5]) II (8) III. (13) IV. (16) V. (19) Danmarks Historiske Folkeviser ([26]) Valdemar og Tove (27) I. Den ældste Vise. (27) II. Den yngre Visedigtning. (32) III. Sagnets Behandling i det nittende Aarhundrede. (35) Buris og liden Kirsten. (41) I. Visen. (41) II. Historien. (44) Marsk Stig. (48) I. Viserne. (48) II. Æmnets Udformning (53) Niels Ebbesen. (59) Dansk ([64]) Hvad er dansk Folkekarakter? (1901) ([64]) Dansk og Tysk. (1902) (68) Dansk og Jysk. (1903) (72) Dansk og Norsk. (1897) (75) I (75) II (80) Vers. (1901) (84) Ord. (1902) (89) Sprogenes Udvidekraft. (1901) (93) Absalon (1902) ([98]) Dagligt LIV i Norden i det 16. Aarhundrede ([103]) I (1898) ([103]) II (1900) (108) Ludvig Holberg (1888) ([115]) Bernstorff og den franske Kultur ([119]) Kunstnere ([124]) Albert Thorvaldsen ([124]) I (1892) ([124]) II (1887) (130) III (1897) (133) H.V. Bissen - 13. Okt. 1798-13. Okt. 1898 (1898) (134) Vilhelm Bissen (Rytteren) (1888) (138) Christoffer Eckersberg (1898) (140) Dansk Kultur i det 19de Aarhundrede (1901) ([146]) Johan Ludvig Heiberg (150) Søren Kierkegaard (1900) (153) Frederik Dreier 1827-1853 (1902) (157) Hans Brøchner og Christian Molbech (1902) (161) Christian Richardt - Tale ved Afsløringen af Christian Richardts byste i Studenterforeningen (1903) (164) Rudolph Bergh (1894) (172) Julius Lange: Roskilde Domkirkes Oprindelse (1890) (175) Carl Lange (1900) (180) Gustav Johannsen (1901) (184) William Schou (1893) (187) Emmy Lange født Kramp (1894) (189) Den danske Literatur efter 1870 (1901) ([191]) I. ([191]) II (194) III (198) Louis Pio (1902) (201) Viggo Hørup (1902) (206) Herman Bang (1901) (210) Hans Kaarsberg (1898) (215) Digterisk Behandling af Forbrydelse og Straf (1902) (220) I (220) II (224) Theodor Bierfreund: Kulturbærere (1893) (228) Valdemar Rørdam (1901) (234) Jysk Almueliv (1902) (240) Simon Koch (1903) (244) Olivia Sandström (1894) (248) Christian Blangstrup - (Christian VII og Caroline Mathilde) (1890) (250) D.v.d. Lyhe Zernikow - (Støvlet-Kathrine) (1903) (253) Sophus Schandorph (1901) (258) Harald Høffding - En Tale (1903) (261) Valdemar Vedel (264) I (1894) (264) II (1903) (266) Peer Scavenius - (Frilands-Ekspeditionen) (1897) (271) Det unge Slægtleds Syn paa Samtiden (1902) (275) Agnes Henningsen - (Den Uovervindelige) (1904) (278) Vilhelm Andersen (284) I (Poul Mølier, hans Liv og Skrifter) (1894) (284) II (Dionysosdyrkelse) (1904) (287) Johannes V. Jensen (1904) (293) Mathilde Fibiger og J.L. Heiberg (1892) (298) Sophus Claussen - (Unge Bander) (1894) (303) Viggo Stuckenberg (1894) (307) I (Den vilde Jæger) (307) II (Romerske Scener) (310) Erna Juel-Hansen (1894) (311) P. F. Rist - (Eden, Adam og Eva paa dansk Grund) (1903) (315) Marie Grubbe Endnu Engang (1904) (319) Amalie Skram (1905) (325) Carl Ewald (329) I (1886) (329) II (1902) (334) Karl Larsen (338) I - (Kvinder. Ære) (1889) (338) II - (Udenfor Rangklasserne, Kresjan Vesterbro, Danske Mænd, I det gamle Voldkvarter) (1899) (340) III (1902) (342) Edvard Søderberg - (En klog lille Pige) (1904) (345) Mylius-Erichsen - (Isblink) (1904) (350) Gustav Wied (1905) (357) Hannes Hafstein (14. Nov. 1903) (361) Islændinger (1900) (362) Grønland (1903) (368) Fanø Nordsø-Bad (1896) (372) Danmarks Minder og Fremtid (1903) (378) I (378) II (381) Pierrot Patriot (1894) (384) Dansk Politik og Kultur (1902) (391) Emil Aarestrup - (4. December 1800 - 4. December 1900) (1900) (404) Nogle Taler ([415]) Tale ved Festen i Hotel d'Angleterre. (2. Marts 1883) ([415]) Tale i Upsala. (1889) (418) Tale ved Festen i Concertpalæet. (26.Oktober 1891) (421) Tale i Kristiania. (16. April 1892) (424) Tale i The Authors Club i London. (1895) (428) Tale i Studentersamfundet. (3. Vovember 1896) (430) Tale Nytaarsnat 1901. (432) Tale ved en Fest i Paris. (Marts 1902) (434) Tale i Sorø. (Juni 1902) (436) Tale paa Møen. (Juli 1904) (440) Herbert (1897) ([446]) Hospitalet (1900) (452) Opvarteren (1900) (456) Tanker ([462]) At fiske i det døde Hav (1901) ([462]) Latta (1901) (466) Liv og Aand overalt (471) Tryllemagt (1902) (474) Sandhedshadet (1901) (477) Fantasien i det nittende Aarhundrede (31. December 1900) (481) Fantasien og Livet (1901) (485) Nationalisme (1901) (490) Lykken (1902) (494) Kirke og Stat (1902) (498) Sylvesteraften-Betragtninger (1903) (501) Livet (4. Februar 1902) (506)

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified more than 100 genetic variants contributing to BMI, a measure of body size, or waist-to-hip ratio (adjusted for BMI, WHRadjBMI), a measure of body shape. Body size and shape change as people grow older and these changes differ substantially between men and women. To systematically screen for age-and/or sex-specific effects of genetic variants on BMI and WHRadjBMI, we performed meta-analyses of 114 studies (up to 320,485 individuals of European descent) with genome-wide chip and/or Metabochip data by the Genetic Investigation of Anthropometric Traits (GIANT) Consortium. Each study tested the association of up to similar to 2.8M SNPs with BMI and WHRadjBMI in four strata (men 50y, women 50y) and summary statistics were combined in stratum-specific meta-analyses. We then screened for variants that showed age-specific effects (G x AGE), sex-specific effects (G x SEX) or age-specific effects that differed between men and women (G x AGE x SEX). For BMI, we identified 15 loci (11 previously established for main effects, four novel) that showed significant (FDR= 50y). No sex-dependent effects were identified for BMI. For WHRadjBMI, we identified 44 loci (27 previously established for main effects, 17 novel) with sex-specific effects, of which 28 showed larger effects in women than in men, five showed larger effects in men than in women, and 11 showed opposite effects between sexes. No age-dependent effects were identified for WHRadjBMI. This is the first genome-wide interaction meta-analysis to report convincing evidence of age-dependent genetic effects on BMI. In addition, we confirm the sex-specificity of genetic effects on WHRadjBMI. These results may providefurther insights into the biology that underlies weight change with age or the sexually dimorphism of body shape. ; Funding: Funding for this study was provided by the Aarne Koskelo Foundation; the Aase and Ejner Danielsens Foundation; the Academy of Finland (40758, 41071, 77299, 102318, 104781, 117787, 117844, 118590, 120315, 121584, 123885, 124243, 124282, 126925, 129269, 129293, 129378, 130326, 134309, 134791, 136895, 139635, 211497, 263836, 263924, 1114194, 24300796); the Agency for Health Care Policy Research (HS06516); the Agency for Science, Technology and Research of Singapore (A*STAR); the Ahokas Foundation; the ALF/LUA research grant in Gothenburg; the ALK-Abello A/S (Horsholm, Denmark), Timber Merchant Vilhelm Bangs Foundation, MEKOS Laboratories Denmark; the Althingi (the Icelandic Parliament); the American Heart Association (AHA; 13POST16500011); the ANR ("Agence Nationale de la 359 Recherche"); the Ark (NHMRC Enabling Facility); the Arthritis Research UK (19542, 18030); the AstraZeneca; the Augustinus Foundation; the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC; 241944, 389875, 389891, 389892, 389938, 442915, 442981, 496739, 496688, 552485, 613672, 613601 and 1011506); the Australian Research Council (ARC; DP0770096 and DP1093502); the Becket Foundation; the bi-national BMBF/ANR funded project CARDomics (01KU0908A); the Biobanking and Biomolecular Resources Research Infrastructure (BBMRINL; 184.021.007, CP 32); the Biocentrum Helsinki; the Boehringer Ingelheim Foundation; the British Heart Foundation (RG/10/12/28456, SP/04/ 002); the Canadian Institutes for Health Reseaerch (FRCN-CCT-83028); the Cancer Research UK (C490/A10124, C490/A10119); the Center for Medical Systems Biology (CMSB; NWO Genomics); the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Association of Schools of Public Health (1734, S043, S3486); the Centre of Excellence Baden-Wurttemberg Metabolic Disorders; the Chief Scientist Office of the Scottish Government; the Clinical Research Facility at Guys & St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust; the Contrat de Projets Etat-Region (CPER); the Croatian Science Council (Grant no. 8875); the CVON (GENIUS); the Danish Agency for Science, Technology and Innovation; the Danish Centre for Health Technology Assessment, Novo Nordisk Inc.; the Danish Council for Independent Research (DFF 1333-00124); the Danish Diabetes Association; Danish Heart Foundation; the Danish Medical Research Council; the Danish Ministry of Internal Affairs and Health; the Danish National Research Foundation; the Danish Pharmaceutical Association; Danish Pharmacists Fund; the Danish Research Council; the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; the Diabetes Hilfs-und Forschungsfonds Deutschland (DHFD); the Dr. Robert Pfleger-Stiftung; the Dresden University of Technology Funding Grant, Med Drive; the Dutch Brain Foundation; the Dutch Diabetes Research Foundation; the Dutch Economic Structure Enhancing Fund (FES); the Dutch Kidney Foundation; the Dutch Ministry for Health, Welfare and Sports; the Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs; the Dutch Ministry of Education, Culture and Science; the Egmont Foundation; the Else Kraner-Fresenius Stiftung (2012_A147, P48/08//A11/08); the Emil Aaltonen Foundation; the Erasmus Medical Center and Erasmus University, Rotterdam; the Estonian Ministry of Science and Education (SF0180142s08); the European Commission (223004, 2004310, DGXII, FP6-EUROSPAN, FP6-EXGENESIS, FP6-LSHG-CT2006-018947, FP6-LSHG-CT-2006-01947, FP6-LSHM- CT-2004-503485, FP6-LSHM-CT-2006037593, FP6-LSHM-CT-2007-037273, FP7-201379, FP7-201668, FP7-279143, FP7-305739, FP7313010, FP7-ENGAGE-HEALTH-F4-2007-201413, FP7-EurHEALTHAgeing-277849, FP7-HEALTH-F42007-201550, HEALTH-2011.2.4.2-2-EU-MASCARA, HEALTH-F2-2008-201865-GEFOS, HEALTH-F7305507 HOMAGE, LSHM-CT-2006-037593, QLG1CT-2001-01252, QLG1-CT-2002-00896, QLG2-CT2002-01254); the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) and the Wissenschaftsoffensive TMO; the European Regional Development Fund to the Centre of Excellence in Genomics (EXCEGEN; 3.2.0304.11-0312); the European Research Council (ERC; 2011-StG-280559-SEPI, 2011-294713-EPLORE, 230374); the European Science Foundation (ESF; EU/QLRT-2001-01254); the EuroSTRESS project FP-006; the Finlands Slottery Machine Association; the Finnish Centre for Pensions (ETK); the Finnish Cultural Foundation; the Finnish Diabetes Association; the Finnish Diabetes Research Foundation; the Finnish Foundation for Cardiovascular Research; the Finnish Foundation for Pediatric Research; the Finnish Funding Agency for Technology and Innovation (40058/07); the Finnish Medical Society; the Finnish Ministry of Education and Culture (627; 2004-2011); the Finnish Ministry of Health and Social Affairs (5254); the Finnish National Public Health Institute (current National Institute for Health and Welfare); the Finnish Special Governmental Subsidy for Health Sciences; the Finska Lakaresallskapet, Signe and Ane Gyllenberg Foundation; the Flemish League against Cancer, ITEA2 (project Care4Me); the Folkhalsan Research Foundation; the Fonds voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (FWO) Vlaanderen; the Foundation for Life and Health in Finland; the Foundation for Strategic Research (SSF) and the Stockholm County Council (560283); the G. Ph. Verhagen Foundation; the Gene-diet Interactions in Obesity' project (GENDINOB); the Genetic Association Information Network (GAIN); the GENEVA Coordinating Center (U01 HG 004446); the GenomEUtwin (EU/QLRT2001-01254; QLG2-CT-2002-01254); the German Bundesministerium fuer Forschung und Technology (01 AK 803 A-H, 01 IG 07015 G); the German Diabetes Association; the German Ministry of Cultural Affairs; the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF; 03IS2061A, 03ZIK012, 01ZZ9603, 01ZZ0103, 01ZZ0403); the German National Genome Research Network (NGFN-2 and NGFN-plus); the German Research Council (SFB1052 "Obesity mechanisms"); the Great Wine Estates of the Margaret River region of Western Australia; the Greek General Secretary of Research and Technology research grant (PENED 2003); the Gyllenberg Foundation; the Health Care Centers in Vasa, Narpes and Korsholm; the Health Fund of the Danish Health Insurance Societies; the Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen-German Research Center for Environmental Health; the Helsinki University Central Hospital special government funds (EVO #TYH7215, #TKK2012005, #TYH2012209); the Hjartavernd (the Icelandic Heart Association); the Ib Henriksen Foundation; the Illinois Department of Public Health, and the Translational Genomics Research Institute; the INTERREG IV Oberrhein Program (Project A28); the Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of the Netherlands (ICIN; 09.001); the Italian Ministry of Health "targeted project" (ICS110.1/RF97.71); the Italian National Centre of Research InterOmics PB05_ SP3; the John D and Catherine T MacArthur Foundation Research Networks on Successful Midlife Development and Socio-economic Status and Health; the Johns Hopkins University Center for Inherited Disease Research (CIDR); the Joint grant from Siemens Healthcare, Erlangen, Germany and the Federal State of Mecklenburg-West Pomerania; the Juho Vainio Foundation; the Juselius Foundation (Helsinki, Finland); the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation International (JDRF); the KfH Stiftung Praventivmedizin e. V.; the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation; the Kuopio University Hospital; the Leenaards Foundation; the Leiden University Medical Center; the Liv och Halsa; the Local Government Pensions Institution (KEVA); the Lokaal Gezondheids Overleg (LOGO) Leuven and Hageland; the LudwigMaximilians- Universitat, as part of LMUinnovativ; the Lundberg Foundation; the March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation; the Medical Research Council (G0601966; G0700931; G0000934; G0500539; G0600705; G1002319; G0701863; PrevMetSyn/SALVE; MC_ U106179471; MC_ UU_ 12019/1); the MRC centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology (MRC CAiTE); the MRC Centre for Obesity and Related Metabolic Diseases; the MRC Human Genetics Unit; the Medical Research Council of Canada; the Mid-Atlantic Nutrition and Obesity Research Center (P30 DK072488); the Ministry of the Flemish Community, Brussels, Belgium (G. 0881.13 and G. 0880. 13); the MIUR-CNR Italian Flagship Project; the Montreal Heart Institute Foundation; the Munich Center of Health Sciences (MC Health); the Municipal Health Care Center and Hospital in Jakobstad; the Narpes Health Care Foundation; the National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression (NARSAD); the National Cancer Institute (CA047988); the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (UL1TR000124); the National Center for Research Resources (U54RR020278); the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI, 1RL1MH083268-01, 5R01HL087679-02, HHSN268200800007C, HHSN268201200036C, HL043851, HL080467, HL087647, HL36310, HL45670, N01HC25195, N01HC55015, N01HC55016, N01HC55018, N01HC55019, N01HC55020, N01HC55021, N01HC55022, N01HC55222, N01HC85079, N01HC85080, N01HC85081, N01HC85082, N01HC85083, N01HC85086, N02HL64278, R01HL086694, R01HL087641, R01HL087652, R01HL087676, R01HL59367, R01HL103612, R01HL105756, R01HL120393, U01HL080295); the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI, U01HG004402); the National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL); the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR, RP-PG-0407-10371); the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID); the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD); the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease (NIDDKDRC, 1R01DK8925601, DK063491, R01DK089256, P30 DK072488); the National Institute of Food and Agriculture (2007-35205-17883); the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS); the National Institute on Aging (NIA; 263-MA-410953, 263-MD-821336, 263-MD-9164, AG023629, AG13196, NO1AG12109, P30AG10161, R01AG15819, R01AG17917, R01AG023629, R01AG30146); the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (5-P60-AR30701, 5-P60-AR49465-03); the National Institutes of Health (NIH; 1R01DK8925601, 1RC2MH089951, 1RC2MH089995, 1Z01HG000024, 2T32 HL 00705536, 5R01DK075681, 5R01MH63706: 02, AA014041, AA07535, AA10248, AA13320, AA13321, AA13326, AG028555, AG08724, AG04563, AG10175, AG08861, DA12854, DK046200, DK091718, F32AR059469, HG002651, HHSN268200625226C, HHSN268200782096C, HL084729, MH081802, N01AG12100, N01HG65403, R01AG011101, R01AG030146, R01D0042157-01A, R01DK062370, R01DK072193, R01DK093757, R01DK075787, R01DK075787, R01HL71981, R01MH59565, R01MH59566, R01MH59571, R01MH59586, R01MH59587, R01MH59588, R01MH60870, R01MH60879, R01MH61675, R01MH67257, R01MH81800, R01NS45012, U01066134, U01CA098233, U01DK062418, U01GM074518, U01HG004423, U01HG004436, U01HG004438, U01HL072515-06, U01HL105198, U01HL84756, U01MH79469, U01MH79470, U01NS069208-01, UL1RR025005); the NIHR Biomedical Research Centre based at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust; the NIHR Cambridge Biomedical research Centre; the Netherlands Heart Foundation (2001 D 032); the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO; Geestkracht program grant 10-000-1002; 050-060-810; 100-001-004; 175.010.2003.005; 175.010.2005.011; 175.010.2007. 006; 261-98-710; 40-0056-98-9032; 400-05-717; 452-04-314; 452-06-004; 480-01-006; 480-04-004; 480-05-003; 480-07-001; 481-08-013; 60-60600-97-118; 904-61-090; 904-61-193; 911-03012; 985-10-002; Addiction-31160008; GB-MW 94038- 011; SPI 56-464-14192); the Netherlands Organization for the Health Research and Development (ZonMw; 91111025); the Nordic Center of Excellence in Disease Genetics; the Nordic Centre of Excellence on Systems biology in controlled dietary interventions and cohort studies, SYSDIET (070014); the Northern Netherlands Collaboration of Provinces (SNN); the Novo Nordisk Foundation; the Office of Research and Development, Medical Research Service, and the Baltimore Geriatrics Research, Education, and Clinical Center of the Department of Veterans Affairs; the Ollqvist Foundation; the Paavo Nurmi Foundation; the Pahlssons Foundation; the Paivikki and Sakari Sohlberg Foundation; the Perklen Foundation; the Republic of Croatia Ministry of Science, Education and Sports research (108-1080315-0302); the Research Centre for Prevention and Health, the Capital Region of Denmark; the Research Foundation of Copenhagen County; the Research Institute for Diseases in the Elderly (014-93-015; RIDE2); the Reynold's Foundation; the Rotterdam Oncologic Thoracic Study Group, Erasmus Trust Fund, Foundation against Cancer; the Royal Swedish Academy of Science; the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (NWO-RFBR 047.017.043); the Rutgers University Cell and DNA Repository cooperative agreement (NIMH U24 MH068457-06); the Samfundet Folkhalsan; the Sigrid Juselius Foundation; the Social Insurance Institution of Finland, Kuopio, Tampere and Turku University Hospital Medical Funds (9M048, 9N035); the Social Ministry of the Federal State of Mecklenburg-West Pomerania; the Societe Francophone du 358 Diabste (SFD); the South Tyrolean Sparkasse Foundation; the Stichting Nationale Computerfaciliteiten (National Computing Facilities Foundation, NCF); the Strategic Cardiovascular Programme of Karolinska Institutet and the Stockholm County Council (560183); the Susan G. Komen Breast Cancer Foundation; the Swedish Cancer Society; the Swedish Cultural Foundation in Finland; the Swedish Diabetes Association; the Swedish Diabetes Foundation (grant no. 2013-024); the Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research (SSF; ICA08-0047); the Swedish HeartLung Foundation (20120197); the Swedish Medical Research Council (K2007-66X-20270-01-3, 20121397); the Swedish Ministry for Higher Education; the Swedish Research Council (8691, M-2005-1112, 2009-2298); the Swedish Society for Medical Research; the Swiss National Science Foundation (31003A-143914, 3200B0105993, 3200B0-118308, 33CSCO-122661, 33CS30-139468, 33CS30148401); SystemsX. ch (51RTP0_151019); the Tampere Tuberculosis Foundation; the TEKES (70103/06, 40058/07); the The Paul Michael Donovan Charitable Foundation; the Torsten and Ragnar Sderberg Foundation; the Umea Medical Research Foundation; the United Kingdom NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre; the Universities and Research of the Autonomous Province of Bolzano, South Tyrol; the University Hospital of Regensburg (ReForM A, ReForM C); the University Hospital Oulu, Biocenter, University of Oulu, Finland (75617); the University Medical Center Groningen; the University of Groningen; the University of Maryland General Clinical Research Center (M01RR16500, AG000219); the University of Tartu (SP1GVARENG); the University of Tromso, Norwegian Research Council (185764); the Vasterbottens Intervention Programme; the Velux Foundation; the VU University Institute for Health and Care Research (EMGO+) and Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam (NCA); the Wellcome Trust (064890, 068545/Z/02, 076113/B/04/Z, 077016/Z/05/Z, 079895, 084723/Z/08/Z, 086596/Z/ 08/Z, 088869/B/09/Z, 089062, 090532, 098017, 098051, 098381); the Western Australian DNA Bank (NHMRC Enabling Facility); the Yrjo Jahnsson Foundation (56358); and the Zorg Onderzoek Nederland-Medische Wetenschappen, KWF Kankerbestrijding, Stichting Centraal Fonds Reserves van voormalig Vrijwillige Ziekenfondsverzekeringen. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. More details of acknowledgements can be found in S2 Text.