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This article examines the discourse of older people in the communication space of the Internet – the social network Vkontakte – through the prism of speech genres (RG). Science knows a large number of works on the topic of discourse, scientists do not lose interest in genre studies – the relevance of this work is due to the fact that earlier the issue of the discourse of older people on the social network VKontakte was not considered, and the features of the Internet texts of pensioners were not identified. This article contains a brief theoretical presentation of the research topic, in particular, the author relies on the scientific works of N.D. Arutyunova and M.M. Bakhtin, practical material and conclusions to the text analyzes carried out – the intentional component of the selected news entries and the dominant speech genres in the comments of older users to publications. The subject of the research is speech genres in the discourse of pensioners (based on comments to news publications). The goal is to identify the features of the discourse of older people on the VKontakte social network. The material for the work was the posts of the "News for pensioners" group on the topics "Politics" and "Medicine" and the comments of subscribers to them. The audience of the named group is 55+, subscribers prefer the lexeme "retired" to the definition of "elderly". The methodological basis of the research is made up of linguistic analyzes of texts – content and intent analysis; when describing RJ, the speech genre model developed by T.V. Shmeleva and the RJ formula by A. Vezhbitska were used. Thus, in the course of the study, a content analysis of the News for Seniors group, an intent analysis of publications was carried out, and the leading speech genres in the comments of older people were identified. In total, ten publications on the topics "Politics" and "Medicine" were considered (five on each topic), there were 200 comments to these news entries (114 – "Medicine", 86 – "Politics").

Nowadays business dynamics determines the inevitable ir constant search for a new methods of raising business efficiency. Social media is at the heart of modern business wealth, profit, competitive advantage creation. Social media provides opportunities for organizations to raise the effectiveness of business processes, to strengthen the brand name, to establish an effective connection with a consumers and to make use of every other facilities which we will help an organization to withstand in the competitive environment. Objective of the diploma thesis is social media and its implementation in the business organizations. The aim of the work is to analyze the implementation of the social media in the business organizations. The aim of the practical part of this thesis is to identify the situation of social media application in Lithuanian business organizations. The aims of the work were reached by analyzing theoretical framework of the social media concept and by researching the social media implementation in the Lithuanian business organizations. The first part of this thesis is dedicated to the analysis of social media concept, discussing the evolution of this discipline, its definition, determining its nature and essence. The main characteristics of the social media are presented and its context is identified. The second part is dedicated to the analysis of the theoretical framework of the social media theories. The diversity of the social media form is presented. Each form is explored, the purpose of it is identified and the potential of its practical implementation in business is discussed. In the third part the cohesion of social media and business organizations is analysed. The benefits of the social media are justified. The facilities of the social media are revealed and the politics of the social media and the need for it is discussed. In the third part the situation of the implementation of social media in Lithuanian organizations is stated. This part of thesis is also dedicated to analysis of the research results. This thesis can be useful for organizations that are interested in all questions about exploiting social media facilities.

Nowadays business dynamics determines the inevitable ir constant search for a new methods of raising business efficiency. Social media is at the heart of modern business wealth, profit, competitive advantage creation. Social media provides opportunities for organizations to raise the effectiveness of business processes, to strengthen the brand name, to establish an effective connection with a consumers and to make use of every other facilities which we will help an organization to withstand in the competitive environment. Objective of the diploma thesis is social media and its implementation in the business organizations. The aim of the work is to analyze the implementation of the social media in the business organizations. The aim of the practical part of this thesis is to identify the situation of social media application in Lithuanian business organizations. The aims of the work were reached by analyzing theoretical framework of the social media concept and by researching the social media implementation in the Lithuanian business organizations. The first part of this thesis is dedicated to the analysis of social media concept, discussing the evolution of this discipline, its definition, determining its nature and essence. The main characteristics of the social media are presented and its context is identified. The second part is dedicated to the analysis of the theoretical framework of the social media theories. The diversity of the social media form is presented. Each form is explored, the purpose of it is identified and the potential of its practical implementation in business is discussed. In the third part the cohesion of social media and business organizations is analysed. The benefits of the social media are justified. The facilities of the social media are revealed and the politics of the social media and the need for it is discussed. In the third part the situation of the implementation of social media in Lithuanian organizations is stated. This part of thesis is also dedicated to analysis of the research results. This thesis can be useful for organizations that are interested in all questions about exploiting social media facilities.

Nowadays business dynamics determines the inevitable ir constant search for a new methods of raising business efficiency. Social media is at the heart of modern business wealth, profit, competitive advantage creation. Social media provides opportunities for organizations to raise the effectiveness of business processes, to strengthen the brand name, to establish an effective connection with a consumers and to make use of every other facilities which we will help an organization to withstand in the competitive environment. Objective of the diploma thesis is social media and its implementation in the business organizations. The aim of the work is to analyze the implementation of the social media in the business organizations. The aim of the practical part of this thesis is to identify the situation of social media application in Lithuanian business organizations. The aims of the work were reached by analyzing theoretical framework of the social media concept and by researching the social media implementation in the Lithuanian business organizations. The first part of this thesis is dedicated to the analysis of social media concept, discussing the evolution of this discipline, its definition, determining its nature and essence. The main characteristics of the social media are presented and its context is identified. The second part is dedicated to the analysis of the theoretical framework of the social media theories. The diversity of the social media form is presented. Each form is explored, the purpose of it is identified and the potential of its practical implementation in business is discussed. In the third part the cohesion of social media and business organizations is analysed. The benefits of the social media are justified. The facilities of the social media are revealed and the politics of the social media and the need for it is discussed. In the third part the situation of the implementation of social media in Lithuanian organizations is stated. This part of thesis is also dedicated to analysis of the research results. This thesis can be useful for organizations that are interested in all questions about exploiting social media facilities.

Nowadays business dynamics determines the inevitable ir constant search for a new methods of raising business efficiency. Social media is at the heart of modern business wealth, profit, competitive advantage creation. Social media provides opportunities for organizations to raise the effectiveness of business processes, to strengthen the brand name, to establish an effective connection with a consumers and to make use of every other facilities which we will help an organization to withstand in the competitive environment. Objective of the diploma thesis is social media and its implementation in the business organizations. The aim of the work is to analyze the implementation of the social media in the business organizations. The aim of the practical part of this thesis is to identify the situation of social media application in Lithuanian business organizations. The aims of the work were reached by analyzing theoretical framework of the social media concept and by researching the social media implementation in the Lithuanian business organizations. The first part of this thesis is dedicated to the analysis of social media concept, discussing the evolution of this discipline, its definition, determining its nature and essence. The main characteristics of the social media are presented and its context is identified. The second part is dedicated to the analysis of the theoretical framework of the social media theories. The diversity of the social media form is presented. Each form is explored, the purpose of it is identified and the potential of its practical implementation in business is discussed. In the third part the cohesion of social media and business organizations is analysed. The benefits of the social media are justified. The facilities of the social media are revealed and the politics of the social media and the need for it is discussed. In the third part the situation of the implementation of social media in Lithuanian organizations is stated. This part of thesis is also dedicated to analysis of the research results. This thesis can be useful for organizations that are interested in all questions about exploiting social media facilities.

The master thesis reveals the analysis of defamation in social media platforms. It aims to determine what legal problems arise or might arise when protecting a harmed reputation in social media platforms. First, the concept and definition of defamation followed by the concept of social media are described. Further in the analysis, the main factors to ensure the proper balance between the freedom of expression and the persons' right to reputation in social media are taken into consideration. Furthermore, the peculiarities of defamation in social media are reviewed. The thesis analyses aspects that are unclear and most of the time not provided in the Lithuanian legal framework, such as, the legal status of social media accounts holders, opinion and statement classification, "share" and other specific information legal evaluation (eg. "like" concept) in the light of legal doctrine, the case-law of European Court of Human Rights and courts of foreign countries. Moreover, the thesis provides complicated aspects of an individual who shall be responsible for creating defamatory content on social media with a particular focus on anonymous content and possible solutions to certain problems. In the final part of the master thesis, the remedies that shall be invoked in the event of defamation in social media are revised according to the evaluation of the case-law of the Court of Justice of the European Union.

The master thesis reveals the analysis of defamation in social media platforms. It aims to determine what legal problems arise or might arise when protecting a harmed reputation in social media platforms. First, the concept and definition of defamation followed by the concept of social media are described. Further in the analysis, the main factors to ensure the proper balance between the freedom of expression and the persons' right to reputation in social media are taken into consideration. Furthermore, the peculiarities of defamation in social media are reviewed. The thesis analyses aspects that are unclear and most of the time not provided in the Lithuanian legal framework, such as, the legal status of social media accounts holders, opinion and statement classification, "share" and other specific information legal evaluation (eg. "like" concept) in the light of legal doctrine, the case-law of European Court of Human Rights and courts of foreign countries. Moreover, the thesis provides complicated aspects of an individual who shall be responsible for creating defamatory content on social media with a particular focus on anonymous content and possible solutions to certain problems. In the final part of the master thesis, the remedies that shall be invoked in the event of defamation in social media are revised according to the evaluation of the case-law of the Court of Justice of the European Union.

The master thesis reveals the analysis of defamation in social media platforms. It aims to determine what legal problems arise or might arise when protecting a harmed reputation in social media platforms. First, the concept and definition of defamation followed by the concept of social media are described. Further in the analysis, the main factors to ensure the proper balance between the freedom of expression and the persons' right to reputation in social media are taken into consideration. Furthermore, the peculiarities of defamation in social media are reviewed. The thesis analyses aspects that are unclear and most of the time not provided in the Lithuanian legal framework, such as, the legal status of social media accounts holders, opinion and statement classification, "share" and other specific information legal evaluation (eg. "like" concept) in the light of legal doctrine, the case-law of European Court of Human Rights and courts of foreign countries. Moreover, the thesis provides complicated aspects of an individual who shall be responsible for creating defamatory content on social media with a particular focus on anonymous content and possible solutions to certain problems. In the final part of the master thesis, the remedies that shall be invoked in the event of defamation in social media are revised according to the evaluation of the case-law of the Court of Justice of the European Union.

The master thesis reveals the analysis of defamation in social media platforms. It aims to determine what legal problems arise or might arise when protecting a harmed reputation in social media platforms. First, the concept and definition of defamation followed by the concept of social media are described. Further in the analysis, the main factors to ensure the proper balance between the freedom of expression and the persons' right to reputation in social media are taken into consideration. Furthermore, the peculiarities of defamation in social media are reviewed. The thesis analyses aspects that are unclear and most of the time not provided in the Lithuanian legal framework, such as, the legal status of social media accounts holders, opinion and statement classification, "share" and other specific information legal evaluation (eg. "like" concept) in the light of legal doctrine, the case-law of European Court of Human Rights and courts of foreign countries. Moreover, the thesis provides complicated aspects of an individual who shall be responsible for creating defamatory content on social media with a particular focus on anonymous content and possible solutions to certain problems. In the final part of the master thesis, the remedies that shall be invoked in the event of defamation in social media are revised according to the evaluation of the case-law of the Court of Justice of the European Union.

The purpose of the article is to study the anxiety and fears expressed by users of local Internet communities of the VKontakte social network during the first wave of the coronavirus pandemic. The collection of primary sociological information was carried out using the content analysis procedure. The article presents the results of a qualitative analysis of the context of the use of the keyword "coronavirus". The manifestation of anxiety among community subscribers varied over the study period. At the first stage (the stage of denial), users of the social network doubted the reality of the impending danger. At the next stage (comprehension), there was an understanding of the seriousness of the situation. Awareness of the impending danger comes with the appearance of regular news about the statistics of morbidity and mortality among the inhabitants of the region. Lockdown, restrictive measures and information pressure of the media, seeking to correct the habitual behavior of people, led to the formation of collective fears among the population. The representation of medical and informational fears prevailed. The third stage (routinization) is characterized by a gradual decrease in the mention of the keyword and predominantly practice-oriented comments. A decline in the number of messages from users describing information and medical fears was recorded, at the same time, their anxiety about the economic consequences of the pandemic was revealed. Once the amount of information consumed is comparable to the daily experience of a person, the anxiety caused by the spread of the coronavirus pandemic decreases.

The aim of the master thesis is to define how candidates create their image in social media. The following tasks were set in order to achieve this aim: according to theoretical sources, to define members of modern election campaign, analyze their interaction and determine their roles and functions; according to theoretical and practical material on candidate image formation, to define the concept of candidate image, analyze different aspects of candidate image formation process and define image value in political context; to conduct a qualitative study with public relations and political specialists and candidates for 2011 Vilnius Municipality Council The paper consists of 3 parts. The first part emphasizes the significance of todays' election campaign and roles of its 3 principal members: a candidate, media and voters. These members are dependent on each other and create a relationship chain (candidate – media – voters). The second part analyses candidate image, its components and formation process. Candidate image closely related to voters perception and is affected by inner and outer environmental factors. Image formation process should include positive media relations, campaign theme, target group expectations, personal and issue-orientated presentation, visual image and social media usage. The third part is a qualitative study. The aim of the study is to find out how candidates create their image through personal websites. The study shows that candidates use websites as a personal expression tool and a means of image formation. In their opinion, it is necessary to exploit new technologies if one wants to win the election. The Conclusions summarize the main outcomes of the analysis and the research made. It shows that candidates are limited to use traditional media channels and search for cheaper and more accessible tools. In candidates' opinion, personal websites can be used as a means of image formation and self expression. Candidates use visual material, present themselves in both personal and professional ways and target to young voters. It was noticed that they also do not have a communication plan and their communication in a website is chaotic - that possibly decreases the number of readers.

The aim of the master thesis is to define how candidates create their image in social media. The following tasks were set in order to achieve this aim: according to theoretical sources, to define members of modern election campaign, analyze their interaction and determine their roles and functions; according to theoretical and practical material on candidate image formation, to define the concept of candidate image, analyze different aspects of candidate image formation process and define image value in political context; to conduct a qualitative study with public relations and political specialists and candidates for 2011 Vilnius Municipality Council The paper consists of 3 parts. The first part emphasizes the significance of todays' election campaign and roles of its 3 principal members: a candidate, media and voters. These members are dependent on each other and create a relationship chain (candidate – media – voters). The second part analyses candidate image, its components and formation process. Candidate image closely related to voters perception and is affected by inner and outer environmental factors. Image formation process should include positive media relations, campaign theme, target group expectations, personal and issue-orientated presentation, visual image and social media usage. The third part is a qualitative study. The aim of the study is to find out how candidates create their image through personal websites. The study shows that candidates use websites as a personal expression tool and a means of image formation. In their opinion, it is necessary to exploit new technologies if one wants to win the election. The Conclusions summarize the main outcomes of the analysis and the research made. It shows that candidates are limited to use traditional media channels and search for cheaper and more accessible tools. In candidates' opinion, personal websites can be used as a means of image formation and self expression. Candidates use visual material, present themselves in both personal and professional ways and target to young voters. It was noticed that they also do not have a communication plan and their communication in a website is chaotic - that possibly decreases the number of readers.

Abstract. Research on humor and laughter is carried out in many areas of cognitive linguistics and psychology, psycho- and sociolinguistics. Humor is viewed as a positive emotion evoked by the cognitive processes of evaluating comical utterances in various social settings (Martin, 2007). The aim of the paper is explore the cognitive and pragmatic aspects of the Ukrainian military humorous discourse in social media. To this end, linguistic methods of discourse analysis, contextual and intuitive logical interpretative analysis, and a psycholinguistic method of content analysis were applied. The study is based on the selected corpus of Internet memes and amusing comments taken from social media and further divided into thematic groups. The results of the study indicate that constructive humor comprising 47 per cent of the analyzed texts tend to be more popular than other psycholinguistic types. Its pragmatic purpose is to provide a positive impact on the process of group formation due to its capacity to facilitate interpersonal contacts between individuals by evoking positive emotions. Self-sustaining humor embracing 33 per cent of the analyzed texts manifests the speaker's ability to preserve a humorous viewpoint of any life events. "Black humor" and derogatory humor are less frequent in the Ukrainian Army discourse of social media covering only 20 per cent of all analyzed texts.

The object of the study are representatives of Russian political elite and their electorate in social networks. The aim of the study is to assess the impact on the electoral potential of politicians of their online communications with their audiences. The main quantitative indicators of the presence and activity of the Russian public politicians on Facebook, Instagram and Youtube, successful interaction forms between government representatives and the society, indexes of popularity, activity, audience loyalty, as well as visual features of the accounts' content were analysed. Feedback in the accounts of current politicians was assessed, including containing critical discourse. According to the results of the study, the author concluded that the creation of a full-fledged feedback channel with a potential electorate positively affects the image of a public politician, allows reducing the feedback amount with negative comments, is a successful interaction form between a politician and the electorate and increases his electoral potential. However, the Russian politicians are not sufficiently prepared to establish communication with the potential electorate via social media. ; Объектом исследования являются представители российской политической элиты и их электорат в социальных сетях. Цель исследования – оценка влияния на электоральный потенциал политиков их интернет-коммуникаций со своей аудиторией. Анализировались основные количественные показатели присутствия и активности российских публичных политиков в Facebook, Instagram и Youtube, успешные формы взаимодействия между представителями власти и обществом, индексы популярности, активности, лояльности аудитории, а также визуальные особенности контента аккаунтов. Оценивалась обратная связь в аккаунтах действующих политиков, в том числе содержащая критический дискурс. По итогам исследования сделаны выводы, что создание полноценного канала обратной связи с потенциальным электоратом положительно влияет на образ публичного политика, позволяет уменьшать количество ...

В статье рассматривается роль социальных медиа в мобилизации протестных настроений и активизации политических протестов в различных странах мира. ; The events of recent decades show that social media are becoming the leading instrument of political struggle, and political struggle in its most destructive forms, which actualizes further comprehension of this phenomenon of political life. The article examines the role of social media in mobilizing protest sentiments and intensifying political protests of the last decade in various countries of the world.