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[No imprint] ; "Reprinted for private circulation from the Journal of political economy, v. 25, no. 4, Apr., 1918." ; Caption title. ; Mode of access: Internet.

There is a particularly evident contradiction among the many of our time. We are witness to a long series of declarations of human rights and at the same time we are conscious that in no other period of history has man been more violated and offended in his dignity than now. This not withstanding the declarations of human rights which consider certain political and social situations as inhuman and dehumanising attempt to give rise to new social structures which respect the human condition and encourage its development. These desires, however, often result in totalitarian regimes or in anarchy. This paradox of the failure of hopes for reform shows ip the fact that the models on which the attempted reform of society are based are rendered useless by an internal contradiction that is irremediable. This contradiction lies in the separation of politics from morality and the search for absolute liberty for the individual. Juridical positivism and the search for liberty necessarily lead to revolution as a system and to violence and injustice. The root of the crisis in society is to be found in the heart of the human person, in other words, in sin. Social progress, therefore, must be inspired and directed by ethical values. All authors are in agreement on this point. The question arises, though, as regards which ethical values should be used as a guide. Only when human reason is in complete possession of its capacity to transcend beings and reach Being is it capable of establishing a true ethic. But a well-directed reason also demands that man refuse to centre himself on himself and be sell-sufficient. In theological terms we can say that every man achieves the fulness al his true state in so far as he shares in the being which Christ has, since Christ as Incarnate Word is the truth of man. In the last analysis, the true liberation of man consists in communion with God the Father through Christ in the Holy Spirit. Starting from this fundamental truth, it is a matter of developing an ethical and social study will insert a christocentric principle into everyday realities. The task facing Christians today is to become conscious that Christ, the Son of God made man, is the truth about God, about man, and about the world, and in the light of this principle to encourage a progress which is directed to man and beyond man to Christ as last end of all creation.

Within urban design there is increasing interest in the close relationshipbetween social, economic and political processes and the production of public spaces. Thisrelationship, however, often remains abstract and is rarely illustrated in empirical studies.This paper introduces an institutionalist understanding to the production of public spaces,whereby emphasis is placed on the analysis of structuring forces and actors as a way toapprehend the complexity of the social processes guiding and influencing the planning,design and management of public spaces. The institutionalist understanding is illustratedin the case study of an urban renewal project in Barcelona. The results of the case studyshow the contrasts and tensions between the structuring forces and the different actorsoperating in the project, how structuring forces favoured the interest and claims of someactors over those of others, and the potential risks and challenges that this has for the useand value of the public spaces produced by the project.

Little attention has been paid to the social processes of civil war —the transformations of social actors, structures, norms, and practices— that sometimes leave enduring legacies for the postwar period. In this article, I explore the changes wrought by six social processes: political mobilization, military socialization, polarization of social identities, militarization of local authority, transformation of gender roles, and fragmentation of the local political economy. Some of these social processes occur in peacetime, but war may radically change their pace, direction, or consequences, with perhaps irreversible effects. I trace the wide variation in these processes during the wars in four countries: Peru, El Salvador, Sri Lanka, and Sierra Leone. I analyze the effects of these processes as transformations into social networks. These processes reconfigure social networks in a variety of ways, creating new networks, dissolving some, and changing the structure of others. ; Se ha prestado poca atención a los procesos sociales de la guerra civil –la transformación de actores sociales, estructuras, normas, y prácticas- que a veces dejan legados duraderos para el periodo de la posguerra. En este artículo exploro los cambios originados por seis procesos sociales: la movilización política, la socialización militar, la polarización de identidades sociales, la militarización de la autoridad local, la transformación de los roles de género, y la fragmentación de la economía política local. Algunos de estos procesos sociales ocurren en tiempos de paz, pero la guerra puede cambiar radicalmente su ritmo, dirección, o consecuencias, con efectos tal vez irreversibles. Rastreo la amplia variación en estos procesos durante las guerras en cuatro países: Perú, El Salvador, Sri Lanka, y Sierra Leona. Analizo los efectos de estos procesos como transformaciones de las redes sociales que las reconfiguran de maneras variadas: crean nuevas redes, disuelven algunas, y cambian la estructura de otras.

From being a concept questioning the core of psychiatric knowledge and practice, recovery has been adopted as a guiding vison for mental health policy and practice by different local, national, and international organizations. The aim of this article is to contextualize the different understandings of recovery and its psychiatrization through the emergence of an individualizing and de-contextualized definition which have gained a dominant position. It ends with an attempt to formulate a new definition of recovery which integrates people in their social context. Research results from various follow-up studies showing the possibility of recovery from severe mental distress have stressed the importance of societal, social and relational factors as well of the person's own agency when facing their distress and reactions from their environment. These researches were published in the 1970s and 80s; a period of struggle for liberation from colonialism, of struggle by women and black people for their civil rights, and a time of de-institutionalization of services directed toward the poor, elderly, handicapped, prisoners, and people with mental health problems. Recovery research pointed at the central role of individuals in their recovery journey and it was understood as a personal process in a social context. However, with neo-liberal political agenda, the personal role of individuals and their own responsibility for their well-being was stressed, and contextual understandings and the role of social, material and cultural changes to promote recovery faded away. Thus, during recent decades recovery has been mostly defined as an individualistic journey of changing the persons and their perception of their situation, but not of changing this situation. Contextual aspects are almost absent. The most quoted definition accepts the limits posed by an illness-based model. This kind of definition might be a reason for the wide acceptance of a phenomenon that was initially experienced as a break with the bio-medical paradigm. ...

As climate change erodes current levels of flood protection in the UK and government investment in 'hard' flood risk management (hFRM) is rationed by cost-benefit ratios, the option for many communities at-risk is to implement local 'soft' FRM (sFRM). The frequency of widespread flooding generates an added urgency to understand how to support sFRM. Using a case study and qualitative analysis, we explore social processes (SPs), such as acculturation, that drive stakeholder adaptation to be more flood resilient. We conceptualise the status quo beleaguered by conflict and competition and propose practices of accommodation and cooperation that can support shared objectives and responsibility that strengthen sFRM. Our conceptual model is mapped on a stylised catchment to illustrate how SPs underpin sFRM interventions that join-up the catchment in wholescape thinking. The transferable learning is that there are group behaviours and inclusive practices that can initiate and support local sFRM.

In the last twenty-five years, the family entity has been imposed as a crucial actor in understanding migratory strategies and behaviors, the study of the integration into the host society, the analysis of the impact of migrations for the sending and receiving countries and, last but not least, the evaluation of migratory policies and practices. This article recalls the main theoretical prospects that put specific emphasis on family ; identifies some "ideological traps" that frequently influence family immigration policies and practices ; then develops some considerations about the advantages and disadvantages of family migration for both the sending and the receiving countries ; finally, it devotes a specific analysis to the family reunification issue, describing how this right is ruled by the EU legislation. In the conclusion, the Author observes that, notwithstanding the fact that family constitutes a crucial actor in the process of human mobility, both the legislation and the receiving societies' expectations concerning migration continues to be founded on an individualistic conception. Among other consequences of this asymmetry, there is the fact that family reunion is not always the best solution if the well-being of all family members and the life chances of migrants' offspring are taken into account.

In this study the focus is on the absorption capacity of the users with respect to scientific information. It is suggested that lack of scientific competence at the top level of management is at present a main bottleneck in government as well as in business. We hope this essay will provide a useful survey of the literature in this area of science policy studies and stimulate the theoretical discussion. Both empirical surveys and practical science policy will benefit from an improvement of the theoretical analysis.

International audience ; In countries which can be characterised by market economy there is a naturally concomitant rate of minor or major presence of unemployment. In Hungary basically at the same time with the political transformation the open unemployment. Inside the country the socio-economic processes of the transformation were not going on equally in space and time so the appearance, culmination and fluctuation of unemployment shows significant differences. A gradual decrease could be observed in the country's Western regions after the nationwide peak point of unemployment in 1993. Despite in the Ormánság and the micro-region of Sellye within - examined by me - the rate of unemployment by the first years of the XXI. century remained over 30%., moreover more people get out from the labour market and become inactive in the area, which takes part in the marginalisation of the areas. (.)

date de rédaction : 1970 ; The first part of this dissertation is a review of the major research on computer modeling in sociology, political sciences, demography and behavioral sciences ; a detailed account is given of two experiments, the first one in micro-sociology (output norms in non-cooperative work groups), the second one in macro-sociology (a computer simulation of the US 1960 presidential elections). The second part describes a simulation model based on Alain Girard's research, Le choix du conjoint, testing the mechanisms and the effects of heterogamy and/or homogamy. The conclusion draws the technical and methodological lessons of this experiment. ; Dans la première partie, on propose une définition de la simulation tenant compte des critiques que l'on peut faire aux définitions antérieures ; on recense ensuite les principaux travaux de recherches publiés utilisant cette méthode dans les sciences sociales et les sciences du comportement ; on décrit enfin de manière plus détaillée deux exemples de simulation, l'un en micro-sociologie (établissement d'une norme de production dans un atelier), l'autre en macro-sociologie (préparation des élections présidentielles américaines de 1960). Dans la seconde partie, on illustre les possibilités mais aussi les difficultés de la méthode, en exposant en détail la construction d'un modèle de choix du conjoint, utilisant les données individuelles de l'enquête d'Alain Girard ; on montre à cette occasion les effets sur l'homogamie de divers mécanismes d'appariement, fondés sur les affinités ou les oppositions des futurs époux. La conclusion reprend et systématise les enseignements méthodologiques que l'on peut tirer de cette expérience.

Introduction. In the past few decades there has been a revolution in computing and communications, and all indications are that technological progress and use of information technology will continue at a rapid pace. Informational technologies (IT) affect all of the social processes in the societyboth globally and for each separately taken country and region. Nowadays we are talking about informational society and "global village", in which the main problems and tasks are ways for the acquisition, storage, processing and dissemination of information, and also its accumulation and systematization. Now information is resource and commodity. The result of this is the creation and development not only of new industries, new jobs, new science, but also until recently extinction of traditional occupations and industries classic.Purpose of the article is to describe some issues in the field how the information technologies influence humans, their existence and social processes. What is their role for human development? Is it a new revolution? Theory keeps arguing about heading to "informational" or "network" society, and the effect from global transformations to human civilization. Results. Many people say that technologies have direct influence to the public relations. The newest trends in these systems, their role of the adolescents and how internet changes peoples` mentality has been researched for years. On one side we can see the negative consequence – people think that all the entertainments, access to information and technology improvement could lead to increase crisis in communication. Another negative results of the technology, is the total loss of privacy and private space, as well as the permanent digital connection with the working place. Concerns are each and every aspect of our life will be monitored and recorded from the Government, conglomerates and even – banks. Conclusions. As it became clear, decade after decade the technology and technological innovations are becoming more and more popular among researchers. It can be summarized that there are two main opinions, on the completely opposite ends – first one is the positive – the technology brings joy and happiness, and the other one – the negative – that technology will destroy the mankind. They are dozens of researches, thoughts, developments and expectations. We are aware of the interest of the impact of technology upon life. Researching the influential mechanism and impact of new technology upon society, culture and values, became invariable part of scientific knowledge. As an addition of the above, it can be summarized that the past time and space oriented limits today are being overcome. Working with network communication environment is an everyday practice now.

Досліджено проблеми формування і функціонування системи державного управління соціальними процесами як основу вирішення завдань соціально-економічного розвитку. Встановлено, що сутність державного управління обумовлена функціями держави, які реалізуються у взаємодії із суспільством, у яких виявляється та конкретизується її суть та соціальне призначення держави. Науково обґрунтовано положення, що одним із головних завдань системи державного управління є створення сприятливих умов для реалізації можливостей соціальної системи, які виникають завдяки використанню різних методів управлінського впливу, які розширюють права і відповідальність різних суб'єктів самоврядування. На основі дослідження проблем соціально-економічного розвитку України встановлено, що Євроінтеграційні процеси, започатковані в Україні, вимагають реформування соціальної політики, соціального управління та формування нової системи соціальних цінностей. ; Problem setting. At the present stage of social and economic development of Ukraine, social risks have reached a scale that can pose a real threat not only to social but also to national security. In today's conditions of the formation of Ukraine as an independent state, the question of transforming the mechanisms of public administration of social development in accordance with the nature of the internal and external environment is important. The quality of public administration plays a fundamental role in the process of European integration, and in ensuring the integrity of the state.Recent research and publications analysis. Both leading Ukrainian and foreign scholars deal with the social aspects of public administration, and they argue in their works that the social function of public administration is the most important – all the others are derivatives. The results of scientific research on social policy can be traced in Ukrainian experts representing various branches of science: economics, sociology, philosophy, law, medicine, etc. There are famous among them: Libanova, Makarova, Novikov, Kolot, Hrishnova, Antoniuk, Lisohor, Lopushniak, Mandybura, Shevchenko, Kaminska, Saienko, Suimenko and others.Highlighting previously unsettled parts of the general problem. It is established that the essence of public administration is determined by the functions of the state that are implemented in interaction with society, in which the essence and social purpose of the state are revealed and specified. It is scientifically substantiated that one of the main tasks of the public administration system is to create favorable conditions for the realization of the possibilities of the social system that arise due to the use of various methods of administrative influence that extend the rights and responsibilities of various entities of self-government.The purpose of the article is to study the essence of public administration in general and the peculiarities of management of social processes in particular. Paper main body. On the basis of the study of the problems of socio-economic development of Ukraine, it has been established that the European integration processes launched in Ukraine require the reform of social policy, social management and the formation of a new system of social values.The growth of the role of social aspects of public administration is due to the expansion of the role of human capital, social investment and social responsibility of the economic activity objects. It should be borne in mind that in the modern economic system there is a process of profound transformation of economic and administrative relations. Taking into account the foregoing, it can be concluded that the modern system of public administration in Ukraine has the remnants of a command-administrative system of governance based on redundant centralization of authority and functions. The unreformed system of public administration is one of the sources of corruption, which leads to low international ratings and Ukraine's competitiveness on world markets. It is scientifically substantiated that social function is one of the most important functions of a democratic and legal state, which is to secure the rights and freedoms of every person and citizen throughout the country, to create conditions for the reproduction and development of a person, to stimulate creative growth of a person, and to implement the principles of social justice.It is proved that social management methods are connected with the ways of achieving the social goals of society: not only economic, organizational and administrative means of motivation of human behavior, but also through setting social goals, improving the quality of life, strengthening social organizations, increasing the social maturity of society, its separate structures, and first of all managers. Social methods include a wide range of methods of social normalization, social regulation, and moral stimulation. This allows to streamline social relations between social groups, teams and individual workers by introducing different social norms. Economic management methods are the ways and means of achieving economic objectives of management based on the implementation of the requirements of economic laws.Conclusions of the research and prospects for further studies. One of the main tasks of the modern management system is to create favorable conditions for the realization of the capabilities of a managed system that arise due to the use of various methods of administrative influence that extend the rights and responsibilities of various entities of self-government. The problems of self-government acquire a special status in the conditions of decentralization: when it comes to recognizing the rights of the subject of governance not only for state bodies and public organizations, but also for social groups, labor collectives and each individual.

Досліджено проблеми формування і функціонування системи державного управління соціальними процесами як основу вирішення завдань соціально-економічного розвитку. Встановлено, що сутність державного управління обумовлена функціями держави, які реалізуються у взаємодії із суспільством, у яких виявляється та конкретизується її суть та соціальне призначення держави. Науково обґрунтовано положення, що одним із головних завдань системи державного управління є створення сприятливих умов для реалізації можливостей соціальної системи, які виникають завдяки використанню різних методів управлінського впливу, які розширюють права і відповідальність різних суб'єктів самоврядування. На основі дослідження проблем соціально-економічного розвитку України встановлено, що Євроінтеграційні процеси, започатковані в Україні, вимагають реформування соціальної політики, соціального управління та формування нової системи соціальних цінностей. ; Problem setting. At the present stage of social and economic development of Ukraine, social risks have reached a scale that can pose a real threat not only to social but also to national security. In today's conditions of the formation of Ukraine as an independent state, the question of transforming the mechanisms of public administration of social development in accordance with the nature of the internal and external environment is important. The quality of public administration plays a fundamental role in the process of European integration, and in ensuring the integrity of the state.Recent research and publications analysis. Both leading Ukrainian and foreign scholars deal with the social aspects of public administration, and they argue in their works that the social function of public administration is the most important – all the others are derivatives. The results of scientific research on social policy can be traced in Ukrainian experts representing various branches of science: economics, sociology, philosophy, law, medicine, etc. There are famous among them: Libanova, Makarova, Novikov, Kolot, Hrishnova, Antoniuk, Lisohor, Lopushniak, Mandybura, Shevchenko, Kaminska, Saienko, Suimenko and others.Highlighting previously unsettled parts of the general problem. It is established that the essence of public administration is determined by the functions of the state that are implemented in interaction with society, in which the essence and social purpose of the state are revealed and specified. It is scientifically substantiated that one of the main tasks of the public administration system is to create favorable conditions for the realization of the possibilities of the social system that arise due to the use of various methods of administrative influence that extend the rights and responsibilities of various entities of self-government.The purpose of the article is to study the essence of public administration in general and the peculiarities of management of social processes in particular. Paper main body. On the basis of the study of the problems of socio-economic development of Ukraine, it has been established that the European integration processes launched in Ukraine require the reform of social policy, social management and the formation of a new system of social values.The growth of the role of social aspects of public administration is due to the expansion of the role of human capital, social investment and social responsibility of the economic activity objects. It should be borne in mind that in the modern economic system there is a process of profound transformation of economic and administrative relations. Taking into account the foregoing, it can be concluded that the modern system of public administration in Ukraine has the remnants of a command-administrative system of governance based on redundant centralization of authority and functions. The unreformed system of public administration is one of the sources of corruption, which leads to low international ratings and Ukraine's competitiveness on world markets. It is scientifically substantiated that social function is one of the most important functions of a democratic and legal state, which is to secure the rights and freedoms of every person and citizen throughout the country, to create conditions for the reproduction and development of a person, to stimulate creative growth of a person, and to implement the principles of social justice.It is proved that social management methods are connected with the ways of achieving the social goals of society: not only economic, organizational and administrative means of motivation of human behavior, but also through setting social goals, improving the quality of life, strengthening social organizations, increasing the social maturity of society, its separate structures, and first of all managers. Social methods include a wide range of methods of social normalization, social regulation, and moral stimulation. This allows to streamline social relations between social groups, teams and individual workers by introducing different social norms. Economic management methods are the ways and means of achieving economic objectives of management based on the implementation of the requirements of economic laws.Conclusions of the research and prospects for further studies. One of the main tasks of the modern management system is to create favorable conditions for the realization of the capabilities of a managed system that arise due to the use of various methods of administrative influence that extend the rights and responsibilities of various entities of self-government. The problems of self-government acquire a special status in the conditions of decentralization: when it comes to recognizing the rights of the subject of governance not only for state bodies and public organizations, but also for social groups, labor collectives and each individual.

Impacts of climate change are location-specific, hence the need to develop targeted solutions and strategies. Local government units, in partnership with the International Institute of Rural Reconstruction, established farmer learning groups which are platforms for knowledge generation and sharing on climate change action-research. The project was implemented in learning communities in Guinayangan, Quezon and Ivisan, Capiz, Philippines. Facilitating learning groups involved social learning methodological processes: vulnerability assessments, setting of learning agenda, participatory action research implementation, community mobilizing and knowledge sharing. Action research, in both municipalities, showed that knowledge generation through a small group of farmer innovators is an effective strategy in the identification and refinement of appropriate technologies. The learning group members serve as a support to the local extension system, helping accelerate adaptation of various climate-smart technologies.

622 p. ; Se trata de una Tesis en la modalidad de compendio de publicaciones, integrada por un Libro y ocho artículos doctrinales, todos ellos de autoría única del autor de la Tesis, presentados con la correspondiente memoria sobre objetivos, metodología, resumen global de los resultados obtenidos, actualización y discusión sobre los mismos. Las publicaciones que dan origen a la presente Tesis Doctoral giran en torno a la nulidad de actuaciones judiciales y el proceso social, tema en relación con el que se acredita la necesaria unidad temática, no en vano persiguen analizar la evolución normativa y jurisprudencial existente al respecto sin dejar de realizar una revisión crítica, detectando sus bondades y defectos con el fin último de formular propuestas de mejora; todo ello, tamizado por la experiencia propia de su autor -actualmente Magistrado de lo Social-, en la Administración de Justicia durante más de treinta años. Destacando que el tema de la nulidad de actuaciones judiciales y su incidencia en el proceso social se aborda, fundamentalmente, desde la perspectiva de la tutela de los derechos fundamentales y del deficiente desarrollo del artículo 53.2 CE, llegando a la conclusión de que, a pesar del esfuerzo realizado por la Ley Orgánica 6/2007, de 24 de mayo, todavía no existe el adecuado procedimiento de tutela de los derechos fundamentales procesales, al no cumplir satisfactoriamente dicha finalidad el incidente excepcional de nulidad de actuaciones; y, apostando por una futura modificación legislativa que clarifique dicha cuestión y regule el procedimiento del artículo 53.2 CE de forma autónoma y desligada de la materia propia de las nulidades de actuaciones judiciales