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With continued pressure on biodiversity and ever-growing conflicts with human development, qualified systems for scenario modelling, impact assessment and decision support are urgently needed. Such systems must be able to integrate complex models and information from many sources and do so in a flexible and transparent way. To that end, as well as for other complicated and data-intensive biodiversity research purposes, the concept of LifeWatch has emerged. The idea of LifeWatch is to construct e-infrastructure and virtual laboratories by integrating large data sources, computational capacities, and tools for analysis and modelling in an open, serviceoriented architecture. To be efficient and accurate, a continuous inflow of large quantities of data is essential. However, even with new techniques, government-funded monitoring data and research data will not feed the system with up-to-date species information of sufficient scale and resolution. To fill this void, skilled amateur observers (citizen scientists) can contribute to a very valuable extent. After a preparatory phase, a Swedish LifeWatch (SLW) consortium was initiated in 2011. Swedish LifeWatch developed an infrastructure where all components are accessible through open web services. At the SLW Analysis portal, different formats of species and environmental data can be accessed instantly, and integrated, analysed, visualized and downloaded at selected temporal, spatial or taxonomic scales. Swedish LifeWatch currently provides 46 million species observations from eight different databases, all harmonized according to standardized formats and the Dyntaxa taxonomic backbone database. Almost 40 million of these observations were provided by citizens through the online reporting system named the Species Observation System (SOS) or Artportalen. This paper describes this system, as well as the incentives that make it so successful. The citizen science data in the SOS are accessible, together with data from research and monitoring, in the SLW infrastructure, making the latter a powerful instrument for large-scale data extraction, visualization and analysis.

Open Science Café - Open Research Europe: la nuova piattaforma di pubblicazione aperta della Commissione europea Breve sommario: Open Research Europe (ORE) è la piattaforma di pubblicazione scientifica finanziata dalla Commissione Europea. Ilaria Fava ha seguito per OpenAIRE la messa a punto dello strumento, ne ha approfondito tutte le novità e presenterà la piattaforma alla comunità italiana. Data e ora: Giovedì 11 marzo 2021 dalle 13.50 alle 15.00 Programma: 13:50 – 14:00 Apertura del collegamento e benvenuto 14:00 - 14:10 Introduzione 14:10 - 14:35 Presentazione a cura di Ilaria Fava 14: 35 – 15:00 Q&A/Discussione Chi interverrà Ilaria Fava lavora da anni a progetti europei dedicati all'Open Science. Di recente ha lavorato ad RDA Europe e alla promozione delle buone pratiche per la condivisione dei dati della ricerca. Per OpenAIRE è responsabile delle attività di disseminazione e comunicazione, e ha seguito lo sviluppo di ORE, interagendo con il team di F1000 che ha realizzato e gestisce la piattaforma. Destinatari Il webinar è realizzato per la comunità italiana coinvolta in progetti di ricerca finanziati dalla Commissione Europea nei programmi Horizon 2020 o Horizon Europe. Si rivolge a ricercatori, personale di supporto alla ricerca, tecnici, tecnologi interessati a conoscere i dettagli della nuova piattaforma e come questa si inserisce nelle politiche della Commissione Europea in materia di Open Science. Il Competence Center di ICDI: Il Competence Center di ICDI (CC-ICDI) è formato da una rete di esperti, iniziative e infrastrutture di ricerca con varie competenze funzionali al supporto della comunità nazionale per l'Open Science, principi FAIR e per la partecipazione italiana alla European Open Science Cloud (EOSC). La formazione e l'informazione su temi e novità del panorama nazionale ed europeo rappresentano una delle attività principali del CC-ICDI, che può contare su competenze presenti all'interno di enti di ricerca, università e infrastrutture di ricerca tematiche e trasversali. Open Science ...

The relationship between actors & structures is an important ontological aspect in social sciences. Today, the notion that this relationship should be seen as categorized by mutual interdependence, & consequently that both actors & structures should be considered primary ontological categories, is not a very controversial one. More controversial, however, is the phenomenon in social as well as natural sciences commonly known as social constructionism (or constructivism). In this article, the actor structure thinking is related to different constructionist conceptions. In connection with this, it is argued that if constructionism is primarily seen as an epistemological approach, it is in fact a natural consequence of the actor structure thinking. From the actor structure perspective then, the constructionist advocacy for contextualism -- ie, the ambition to accentuate the temporally & spatially distinctive character of reality in the analysis -- can be viewed as an important methodological guideline. 1 Table, 1 Figure, 35 References. Adapted from the source document.