Suchergebnisse

Introduction Employment reveals one of the most important aspects of social and economic life. It is associated with satisfaction of human needs in certain goods and services. However employment of the population produces gross national product, and so is the economic basis of society. At the same time, employment has social character. It reflects the needs of people not only in earnings, but also self through socially useful activities. Thus, employment of the working population is a highly topical issue of social and economic life, which is not only limited to the problems of unemployment and includes such aspects as sustainable use of labor; ensure a decent standard of living of the working population; meet the needs of the economy in the labor force with regard to its quality and quantity; meet the professional needs of workers, including the need for professional education and maintenance training; social support in case of job loss, etc. The interest to study of the problems employment and unemployment has intensified in recent decades due to the rapid decline of general economic and social indicators of Ukraine.Purpose of research is the methodological aspects of the employment of the working population as a system of economic relations of society that has developed between employers and employees in relation to providing the latest jobs. The workplace is one of the objects of the employment system. It defines the working conditions (normal, hard, bad), modes of work and rest, nature of work (a wide, monotonous, etc.). From working conditions depends on the value of the cost jobs and of wages of workers.Methods Method of scientific analysis of theoretical material, statistical analysis and comparison, deductive-indicative method, theoretical generalization.Results consists in the deepening the theoretical and methodological analysis of categories of employment, recommendations on solving the problems of effective employment and overcome the negative effects of unemployment.Originality consists in the peculiarities of methodological analysis and practical projections on employment and unemployment.Conclusion Recent events in Ukraine that led to the loss of territories, military operations are conducted, show that the state shaking deep socio-economic and political problems. The critical state of the economy and politics does not resolve the problem of employment and fight unemployment. Without deep reforms in all spheres of economic and social life can not hope for positive changes in the life of the state and every Ukrainian.

The article analised the use of the potential of the scientific diaspora is one of the modern approaches to the modernization and integration into the world scientific space of the scientific systems of many countries, including posttotalitarian, in which the transformation of the social system is accompanied by a decrease in the financing of science, theof science, thereduction of the scientific and technical branch and exit promising young scientists into research centers of richer countries. Such negative tendencies for many years are inherent in Ukrainian science, as evidenced by a number of studies. The authors considered the role of cooperation with the scientific diaspora as a factor in the consolidation of high-ranking Ukrainians. The activity of the Ukrainian Academic International Network is analyzed and examples of best practices of scientific cooperation are presented. The importance of attracting the intellectual potential of the scientific diaspora to the processes of reforming and developing education and science in Ukraine is emphasized. It is concluded that the list of best practices of scientific cooperation initiated by our scientific diaspora testifies to its desires and possibilities to contribute to the development of science and education in Ukraine and to promote their inclusion in the European and world research field. Given the current difficult financial situation in the country, this contribution can be a powerful determinative stimulus to ensure further reform and development of the country's economic and intellectual environments. Functioning of academic networks created by academics unites scientists in Ukraine and beyond, and is an example of the consolidation of high-class Ukrainians in general. The role of cooperation with scientific diaspora as consolidation factor of highly professional Ukrainians is discussed in the article. Activity of the Ukrainian Academic International Network is analysed and the examples of best practices of research cooperation are presented. The emphasis is put on the importance of attraction of scientific diaspora intellectual potential to reforming and development of education and science in Ukraine.

Стаття присвячена актуальній тематиці правового регулювання наукових парків в Україні та світі. У рамках проведеного дослідження вивчено сутність поняття наукового парку та ґенеза розвитку законодавства щодо діяльності наукових парків. Досліджено особливості видів наукових парків. Деталізовано питання регулювання діяльності наукового парку як суб'єкту правовідносин. Визначено загальні тенденції міжнародно-правового регулювання діяльності наукових парків. Автор прийшов до висновку, що наукові парки довели свою дієвість та ефективність у розробці, впровадженні та розповсюдженні сучасних інноваційних технологій, зіграли визначну роль у підвищенні рівня науки в Україні, а також у підготовці висококваліфікованих наукових кадрів. Проте починаючи із середини 2000-х рр. практично всі показники діяльності технопарків почали стрімко падати. Головна причина криється в недотриманні державою законодавства та постійній його зміні, припиненні державної підтримки у вигляді надання пільг та зменшенні податкового навантаження, блокуванні інноваційних проектів та фактичної відсутності бюджетного фінансування наукової сфери. ; The article is devoted to topical issues of legal regulation of science parks in Ukraine and the world. The study examined the essence of the concept of science park and the genesis of the development of legislation on the activities of science parks. The peculiarities of the types of science parks have been studied. The issue of regulating the activities of the science park as a subject of legal relations is detailed. The general tendencies of the international legal regulation of activity of science parks are defined. The author came to the conclusion that science parks have proven their effectiveness and efficiency in the development, implementation and dissemination of modern innovative technologies, have played a significant role in raising the level of science in Ukraine, as well as in training highly qualified scientists. However, starting in the mid-2000s, almost all indicators of technology parks began to decline sharply. The main reason lies in the state's non-compliance with the law and its constant change, the termination of state support in the form of benefits and reduction of the tax burden, blocking of innovative projects and the actual lack of budget funding for science.

The article investigates the applied and theoretical aspect of the methodology of economic research of business entities in a modern competitive market. The concept of the subject and object of scientific research is established and four features of research objects are indicated. It is established that the method is a method of studying phenomena, which determines a systematic approach to the study of their scientific knowledge and the establishment of truth. The essence of the specifics of economic methodology is studied and the main methods of economic research using general scientific methods in economics are considered, including: method of hypothesis and forecasting, method of analogy and comparisons, methods of induction and deduction, static and dynamic, statistical and mathematical methods, method of computer processing, cumulative method of accumulation and application. The division of economic research into micro– and macro–levels is studied: political economy, macroeconomics, microeconomics, method of analysis and synthesis, methods of abstraction and concretization. Concrete–scientific (empirical) methods of scientific cognition are studied, they are: theoretical methods, formalization, axiomatization, hypothetical method, creation of theory. It is established that the methodological techniques by which specific scientific research is conducted are formed on the basis of general scientific methods and reflect the features of the science through which they are created. These are observation (approbation of substantiation of the put forward hypotheses or intermediate results of research with use of the axiomatized knowledge about object, and also practices of its functioning), experiment (scientifically set experiment according to the purpose of research for check of results of theoretical researches) and introduction of results of research. methodical methods of realization of results of scientific research in practical activity of people).

The article researches the voting theory as an interdisciplinary direction, problem field of which applies, in particular, to political science. The category of «voting» and its essential attributes are being determined, the political institutionalization of the practice and its further evolution are analyzed. As part of the modern theory of voting 6 methodological approaches are being singled out: mathematical, political and economic, political, comparative, sociological, electoral and legalspatial; the basic principles and the specificity of these research traditions are researched. ; Рассматривается теория голосования как междисциплинарное направление, проблемное поле которого относится, в том числе, к политической науке. Определяется категория «голосования» и ее сущностные атрибуты, анализируется политическая институционализация этой практики и ее дальнейшая эволюция. В рамках современной теории голосования выделяются 6 методологических подходов – математический, политико-экономический, политико-компаративистский, социологический, электорально-пространственный и правовой; раскрываются базовые принципы и специфика этих исследовательских традиций. ; Розглядається теорія голосування як міждисциплінарній напрям, проблемне поле якого відноситься, зокрема, й до політичної науки. Визначається категорія «голосування» та її сутнісні атрибути, аналізується політична нституціоналізація цієї практики та її подальша еволюція. В рамках сучасної теорії голосування виокремлюється 6 методологічних підходів – математичний, політико-економічний, політико-компаративістський, соціологічний, електорально-просторовий та правовий; розкриваються базові принципи та специфіка цих дослідницьких традицій.

The article researches the voting theory as an interdisciplinary direction, problem field of which applies, in particular, to political science. The category of «voting» and its essential attributes are being determined, the political institutionalization of the practice and its further evolution are analyzed. As part of the modern theory of voting 6 methodological approaches are being singled out: mathematical, political and economic, political, comparative, sociological, electoral and legalspatial; the basic principles and the specificity of these research traditions are researched. ; Рассматривается теория голосования как междисциплинарное направление, проблемное поле которого относится, в том числе, к политической науке. Определяется категория «голосования» и ее сущностные атрибуты, анализируется политическая институционализация этой практики и ее дальнейшая эволюция. В рамках современной теории голосования выделяются 6 методологических подходов – математический, политико-экономический, политико-компаративистский, социологический, электорально-пространственный и правовой; раскрываются базовые принципы и специфика этих исследовательских традиций. ; Розглядається теорія голосування як міждисциплінарній напрям, проблемне поле якого відноситься, зокрема, й до політичної науки. Визначається категорія «голосування» та її сутнісні атрибути, аналізується політична нституціоналізація цієї практики та її подальша еволюція. В рамках сучасної теорії голосування виокремлюється 6 методологічних підходів – математичний, політико-економічний, політико-компаративістський, соціологічний, електорально-просторовий та правовий; розкриваються базові принципи та специфіка цих дослідницьких традицій.

The subject of the study is the theoretical aspects of the study of the bunch of reasons for shadowing power as a system of inhibition of social and economic progress, effective reform of social relations. The purpose of the study is to determine the content of the bunch of reasons for shadowing the power processes of anti–modernization development. Methods of research. A set of scientific methods and approaches, including systematic, historical, logical, was applied in the work, which made it possible to provide the conceptual unity of the research. Results of the work. The article substantiates the need to counteract systemic shadowing of power relations on the basis of studying a bunch of reasons and using effective means of limiting and localizing them, overcoming the development of accelerated construction of an «autonomous» shadow power as the main shadow factor of reform. Application of results. The system of sciences from the field of public administration, a wide range of socio–economic sciences with problems of dysfunctional development. Conclusions. The main results of the study and its theoretical results can be summarized as follows: 1) the initial megaproblem of the study of shadow power mechanisms is the problem of power dysfunctions in Ukraine as a system of inhibition of social and economic progress, effective reform of public relations of the government itself; 2) one of the fundamental aspects of the study is the conclusion that the study of the causes of the shadowing of power as a basic position requires the development of a special set of trends, attractors of anti–modernization development, inherent in the relations of domestic shadowing of power, power reform.

Emergence of new independent units of forensic science is a logical result of the development of scientific knowledge and forensic expert activity, if such a process takes place on the basis of the developed methodological foundations of forensic science, which ensures the scientific nature of new types of forensic science, organizational and legal procedure for their conduct and the admissibility of their results to ensure justice. Ignoring scientific approaches in implementation of forensic activities in Ukraine and attempts to adapt it to the needs of investigative and judicial practice cannot but cause concern, especially when it comes to an attempt to substitute forensic science for the proof process. Article purpose is to conduct a methodological analysis of the topic, objects and tasks of forensic military science and its place in the modern general classification system of forensic science on the basis of the general theory of forensic expertology. Research methodology was made up of the provisions of materialist dialectics as a universal method of cognition, as well as a set of methods of formal logic for solving individual research tasks: analysis, synthesis, analogy, comparison, comparison, deduction. While research, in order to establish formation consistency of military science as an independent stratification unit, its structural components were analyzed: topic, objects, tasks and specific expertise necessary for their solution. While conducted methodological analysis, it was found that formation of military science as an independent stratification unit of forensic examinations occurred in violation of the methodological foundations developed by forensic science and the evolutionary paths of the genesis of new species of forensic science. As a result of performed research, it was concluded that it is necessary to revise the place and essence of military science in the existing classification system offorensic science in Ukraine which will ensure the unity of the methodological approach to formation of new units of forensic science and guarantee declared principles of forensic science. ; Поява самостійних одиниць судової експертизи є результатом розвитку наукових знань, ігнорування яких під час здійснення судово-експертної діяльності призводить до підміни судовою експертизою процесу доказування. Мета статті — провести методологічний аналіз предмета, об'єктів і завдань судової військової експертизи та її місця в сучасній класифікаційній системі судових експертиз. Проаналізовано структурні складові військової експертизи — предмет, об'єкти, завдання та спеціальні знання. У результаті з'ясовано, що формування військової експертизи як самостійної стратифікаційної одиниці відбулося з порушенням методологічних засад, розроблених судовою експертологією. Зроблено висновок про необхідність перегляду місця й сутності військової експертизи в наявній класифікаційній системі судових експертиз в України.

It is shown in the paper that the only innovative structure in Ukraine was the barely operating technology parks. In an hour of crisis in the development of innovations the legislator made a new step in the direction of legal regulation and development of innovative activity, which was recreated in the new Law "On Science Parks". It is investigated how the law reflects the interests of universities and academies in innovation and economic activity. The main provisions of the Law are discussed. It is hoped that this Law will contribute to the creation of a national innovation system. ; В работе показано, что единственной инновационной структурой в Украине фактически оставались технологические парки, которые едва работают. В час кризиса в развитии инноваций законодателем сделан новый шаг в направлении правового регулирования и развития инновационной деятельности, воссоздался в новом Законе «О научных парках». Исследовано, как Закон отражает интересы университетов и академий по инновационно хозяйственной деятельности. Обсуждены Основные положения Закона. Высказано надежду, что этот Закон будет способствовать созданию национальной инновационной системы. ; В роботі показано, що єдиною ін­новаційною структурою в Україні фактично залишалися технологіч­ні парки, які ледь-ледь працюють. В годину кризи в розвитку інновацій законодавцем зроблено новий крок в напрямку правового врегулювання і розвитку інноваційної діяльності, який відтворився в новому Законі «Про наукові парки». Досліджено, як Закон відображає інтереси універси­тетів і академій щодо інноваційно- господарської діяльності. Обговорено Основні положення Закону. Виказано сподівання, що цей Закон буде спри­яти створенню національної іннова­ційної системи.

The article analyzes the phenomenon of public policy as a process of reflecting the interests of society through dialogue with the authorities with the help of a well-functioning communication process. We consider the American and European traditions in the definition of this concept. We describe the characteristics of public policy in political science. The article says of public policy development in terms of the information age, the functioning of its online space, namely, the role of social networks as a new subject of public policy.Keywords: publicity, public sphere, public policy, the online space, Internet, social networks. ; У статті аналізується феномен публічної політики як процес відображення інтересів суспільства через діалог з владою за допомогою налагодженого комунікаційного процесу. Розглянуто американську та європейську традиції у визначенні цього концепту. Окреслені характеристики публічної політики у політичній науці. Зазначено про розвиток публічної політики за умов інформаційної доби, функціонування її в онлайн просторі, а саме про роль соціальних мереж як нового суб'єкта публічної політики. Ключові слова: публічність, публічна сфера, публічна політика, онлайн-простір, Інтернет, соціальні мережі.

Розглянуто пріоритетні напрями дослідження форм правліннядержав пострадянського простору як чинників впливу на взаємодіюполітичних інститутів. Звернено увагу на взаємозв'язок політичногорежиму та форм правління ; Рассмотрены приоритетные направления исследования формправления государств постсоветского пространства как факторов влиянияна взаимодействие политических институтов. Обращено внимание навзаимосвязь политического режима и форм правления. ; The article examines directions of priorities of research of forms ofgovernment of the states of postsoviet space as factors of influence on cooperationof political institutes. Appeal attention on intercommunication of thepolitical mode and forms of rule.

Modern society is characterized by the widespread distribution of objects of intellectual property rights. The article analyzes the state of dissertation research on intellectual property issues which has been conducted in Ukraine since the time of proclamation of its independence and to the present days. The topicality of the study is due to the fact that the results of intellectual activity determine the strategy and tactics of socio-economic development of any country. The components of intellectual activity are the intellectual capital, embodied in the form of experience, knowledge, skills, qualification of a person. The growth of the role and importance of intellectual activity in the social relations of the society necessitates the solution of the main problem issues: the normative and legal support of intellectual activity; rational use of the results of intellectual activity; effective protection of objects of intellectual property rights, protecting the rights of subjects of intellectual property rights. Reliable guarantees of acquiring and protecting intellectual property rights are an integral part of the statehood of each civilized country.One of the sources of highlighting the study of any case is the provision of conclusions and recommendations for solving problem issues, dissertation researches. The article analyzes the quantitative distribution of dissertation research on intellectual property issues according to scientific specialties, scientific institutions, in which they were defended. It was found out that the proportion of dissertation research on intellectual property problems in legal sciences is 77 %, in economic sciences, respectively, 19 %, in other sciences - 4 %. Among legal sciences, 60 % of scientific theses have been defended on specialty 12.00.03; respectively, 19 % - on specialty 12.00.07; 6.8 % - on specialty 12.00.04; 5 % - on specialty 12.00.08; 3.6 % - on specialty 12.00.09; 2.2 % - on specialty 12.00.01; 1.8 % - on specialty 12.00.11; 0.4 % - on specialty 12.00.02; 0.4 % - on specialty 12.00.05; 0.4 % - on specialty 12.00.12. Among the dissertation research in the economic field of intellectual property rights, the work on specialty 08.00.04 was the most defended - 32.7 %; respectively, on specialty 08.00.01 - 21.8 %; on specialty 08.00.03 - 12.8 %; on specialty 08.00.02 - 7.3 %; on specialty 08.00.09 - 7.3 %; on specialty 08.01.01 - 5.5 %; on specialty 08.00.07 - 3.6 %; on specialty 08.00.08 - 3,6 %; on specialty 08.05.01 - 3.6 %; on specialty 21.04.01 - 1.8 %.

The article is focused on the historical sociology analysis of social identities studies, the results of which are presented in scientific publications in top Ukrainian periodicals. The direction of development of such researches in thematic, theoretical, and methodological aspects of their socio-cultural context is outlined. Possible new directions of research on the problem chosen by the author are determined. The author conducted a content analysis of the professional publications where the subject is identity and identification placed in the online archives of professional publications of Ukraine in sociology for the last decade. An analysis of the thematic diversity of the articles revealed that the vast majority of them are devoted to specific identities, primarily ethnic-national and local, identity is considered as a specific feature of the group; only a quarter of the publications have a general theoretical character and focused in the analysis of identity as such. It was found that the dominant research focuses have long been dominated by conceptualization and analysis of the formation of a selected social identity, but in recent years the authors pay more attention to the functional load of social identities, in particular their impact on Ukrainian society, especially its integration/disintegration, on conflicts and solidarity. The conclusion about a certain decrease in attention to the subject of social identities, and at the same time theoretical, methodological, thematic, and subject complication of their researches are formulated. It is emphasized that further comprehensive studies of identities (their connections, contexts, and social consequences) have a scientific perspective because it is possible to reach a deeper understanding of the processes taking place in modern Ukrainian society with their help.

The article is devoted to the study of the historical development of the territory of the Chernihiv-Siversky Podesennya by the researcher-archaeologist Vasily Eliseyevich Kurylenko, to the learning of his role in the development of Ukrainian archaeological science, museum affairs and his educational activities. The author analyzes the life and search path of the researcher, describes the importance of field archeological activity and museum-educational work. The study tested the significance of scientific (archeological), literary heritage and educational activities for the development of modern views on the ancient history of Ukraine. The study of the historical processes of the Desnian region for some reasons has not been sufficiently disclosed. Among them, the Mizun stand, named after the culture of the Eastern player of Sivershchyna, which is the most prominent archaeological sites, whose age reaches 20-18 millennium BC. The Mizun stand testifies the transition of people in ancient times at the turn of the Paleolithic and Mesolithic period from the caves of natural origin in handmade dwellings built from the bones and skins of mammoths. The opening of the Mizun stand nowadays equates to the opening of Troy by H. Schliemann, Trypillia culture by V. Khvoika, the Scythian Golden pectoral by B. Mazolevsky, the value of Egyptian hieroglyphs be Zh.F. Champolion. Having analyzed the formation of V.E. Kurylenko as an archaeologist-researcher focuses on the significance of his archaeological researches, scientific activity, literary-journalistic, artistic, educational, museum-heritage for the development of contemporary views on the ancient history of Ukraine, on the factors of the formation of the Ukrainian ethnic group, and the consolidation of civil society. In the article the significance of V.E.Kurylenko' researches of the Mizun bracelets, fragments of the original products with ornament, which was deciphered by the scientist, the monthly protocalendar of the hunters and fishermen of the Neolithic Age, the protozoan instruments, etc., which do not have world analogues were noted. By deciphering the Mizun bracelets the scientist launched a new direction in archaeological science - astroarheology. The researcher has developed a scientific method of complex study of cultures of the district. V.Kurylenko looked for traces of the Mesolithic and Neolithic settlements in the district of Mizin on Podesennya during 46 years (from 1965 to 2011). He found the second Mizun Paleolithic stand "Kostomakh' well". V.Kurylenko discovered more than 60 archeological artefacts, found on the banks of the Desna more than twenty different cultures, in particular - previously unknown − Preyukhnov culture. V.E.Kurilenko collected more than 54,000 archaeological finds, systematized them, classified and created archaeological museums for them, among them a museum near the world-famous Mizun stand. V.Kurylenko studied the interconnection, interplay of chronological changes in the cultures of a particular region., avoid pseudo-scientific, imposed, ideologically-ordered conclusions. He created the Ukrainian concept of museum creation.

A terminology lineation of process of introduction of social technologies is the issue of the day of newest scientific and philosophical diskurs. Modern informative revolution assists distribution of technological approach in the different spheres of public life - economic, political, educational, management and others like that. Social technologies are the system of procedures, methods, receptions of adjusting of social processes and phenomens. But instead of concept of social technology terms "social engineering" and "social constructing" are often enough used. However a concept "social engineering" recreates the concrete aspects of organization of engineering activity. A term "social constructing" is used mainly in modern sociology of knowledge, which does not deal with the direct constructing of reality.In modern scientific and philosophical diskurs terms "social technology", "social engineering" and "social constructing" there are occupied the special place. In accordance with inherent to her rich in content features social technology is the integral system of procedures, methods, receptions of adjusting of social processes and phenomens on the whole. And here the social engineering is mainly interpreted as an aggregate of approaches of the applied social sciences, or applied sociology, oriented to the purposeful change of organizational structures which determine a human conduct and provide control after her. In relation to the social constructing, then by means of this concept one of varieties of engineering activity, which directly belongs to the social management, is done distinctly.Thus, in modern scientific and philosophical diskurs terms "social technology", "social engineering" and "social constructing" are occupied the special place. In particular, social technology is the integral system of procedures, methods, receptions of adjusting of social processes and phenomena on the whole. The social engineering is the aggregate of approaches of the applied social sciences. It is the applied sociology, oriented to the purposeful change of organizational structures which determine a human conduct and provide control after her. The social constructing is one of varieties of engineering activity in the field of social management. ; Актуальною проблемою сучасного наукового і філософського дискурсу є термінологічне увиразнення процесу впровадження соціальних технологій. Будь-яка технологія втілює соціальну форму практики, способи регулювання, контролю і управління взаємодією між предметом праці та знаряддям праці, його технологічним змістом. Під цим оглядом у "Словнику російської мови" С. Ожегова технологія постає сукупністю виробничих методів і процесів у певній галузі виробництва, тобто технологією виробництва загалом або технологією будь-якої царини його розгортання зокрема [8, 546].