One of the fundamental aspects of the contemporary educational research is the question the inclusive school referred in particular to the inclusion of the students with disabilities and the role of digital teaching to promote inclusion. This is a complex question which requires analysis, new experiments and, above all, new scientific hybridizations to deeply understand the phenomena. Tis issue is fundamental for an hypothesis which analyzes a better social justice in the democracy. In this article we will try to connect the relationship between inclusive school, digital teaching and Artificial Intelligence. Advances in Artificial Intelligence could represent the birth of a new inclusive educational paradigm for schools. ; Uno degli aspetti fondamentali della ricerca educativa contemporanea è la questione della scuola inclusiva con particolare riferimento alla inclusione degli studenti con disabilità e al ruolo della didattica digitale per favorire l'inclusione. È un tema, questo, particolarmente complesso che necessita sempre di approfondimenti, di nuove sperimentazioni e soprattutto di nuove ibridazioni scientifiche che siano d'aiuto alla comprensione profonda dei fenomeni. Questo tema è fondamentale per una ipotesi che analizzi una migliore giustizia sociale della democrazia. In questo articolo si cercherà di mettere in connessione il rapporto tra scuola inclusiva, didattica digitale e Intelligenza Artificiale. I progressi dell'Intelligenza Artificiale potrebbero rappresentare per la scuola la nascita di un nuovo paradigma educativo inclusivo.
L'avvento a Malta dei Cavalieri Ospedalieri, avvenuto nel 1530, e ritenuto dagli studiosi il momento cruciale della storia dell' Arcipelago. Questo even to ha segnato l'inizio di un significativo mutamento, sia in ambito politico che economico e soeiale. La creseita demografica maltese, durante la sovranita dell'Ordine, fa registrare un incremento della popolazione; dai 15.000 abitanti del 1530 ai eirca 100.000 nel1800. Mai prima di allora, queste isole, erano state investite da un fenomeno paragonabile a quello riscontrato nel breve arco di tempo di 270 anni. Tuttavia, la causa di tutto questa non puo essere attribuita esclusivamente al ruolo dei Cavalieri. ; peer-reviewed
The subject of this essay is social and political liberty, and the nature of the limits that the State and society can be exercised above individuals. With regard to liberty, Dahrendorf carries out two essential operations. First of all, liberty is placed against equality. Then, within a unitary vision of this concept, he shows its fundamental elements, and distinguishes two totally interconnected aspects: the «problematic» concept of liberty and the «assertoric» concept of liberty. According to this hermeneutical hypothesis, i.e. assertoric liberty as a mode of human existence by specific realities behaviour, Dahrendorf defines a form of thinking that is totally separated from the historiography of political liberalism. Furthermore, the principle of social justice is always present in Dahrendorf 's political thought. In this sense, social inclusion is a moral duty, its rational justification is based on a criterion of justice. The process of inclusion of the greatest number of individuals in the sphere of the social contract means adherence to the norms of social coexistence and a condition for the survival of civil society.
Nowadays, the striking proliferation of Big Data and the new scientific tools provided by the emerging field of Data Science finally offers the opportunity to realize a longstanding dream of scientists and policy makers: drawing a comprehensive picture of human social behavior. Big Data, indeed, hide a huge amount of predictive power, which can be exploited by governments and companies to unveiling and understanding the complexity underlying our society. In the present thesis we propose a multidimensional study of human social behavior, aimed to understand how the social network, the mobility behavior and the economic wellness of people in a big European country are connected to each other. To this end we exploit the access to a big mobile phone dataset provided by the French company Orange. Thanks to Big Data management tools like Hadoop, we computed several individual measures, each describing different aspects of the social or mobility behavior of individuals. Our analysis revealed very interesting and striking findings. Firstly, the observation at neighborhood level of the three biggest cities in France (Paris, Marseille, Lyon) uncovers a very strong correlation between the social diversification and the mobile predictability. People who equally diversify their calls over the social contacts tend to have a more erratic mobile behavior. Moreover, an even more interesting relationships emerged between the mobile behavior and the economic status: mobility diversity is strongly correlated with some indexes of economic wellness. These striking results leaves no room for doubt: the greater the diversification of the mobile behavior of people within a territory, the higher their economic prosperity. Such findings open interesting future perspective about the study of human social behavior. New statistical indexes can be defined which rely on mobile phone data to describe and predict the actual and future economic health of a territory. Tell me how people interact and move, and I will tell you how they live.
Nowadays, the striking proliferation of Big Data and the new scientific tools provided by the emerging field of Data Science finally pave the road to realize a longstanding dream of scientists and policy makers: drawing a comprehensive picture of human social behavior. Big Data, indeed, hide a huge amount of predictive power, which can be exploited by governments and companies to unveiling and understanding the complexity underlying our society. In the present thesis we propose a multidimensional study of human social behavior, aimed to understand how the social network, the mobility behavior and the economic wellness of people in a big European country are connected to each other. To this end we exploit the access to a big mobile phone dataset provided by the French telecom provider Orange. Thanks to Big Data management tools like Hadoop, we computed several individual measures, each describing different aspects of the social or mobility behavior of individuals and their aggregation at various geographic scales. Our analysis confirmed the existence of known patterns and revealed new interesting ones. Firstly, the observation at neighborhood level of the three biggest cities in France (Paris, Marseille, Lyon) uncovers a very strong correlation between the social diversification and the mobile predictability. People who equally diversify their calls over the social contacts tend to have a more erratic mobile behavior. Moreover, an even more interesting relationships emerged between the mobile behavior and the economic status: mobility diversity is strongly correlated with some indexes of economic wellness. These striking results leaves no room for doubt: the greater the diversification of the mobile behavior of people within a territory, the higher their economic prosperity. Such findings open interesting future perspective about the study of human social behavior. New statistical indexes can be defined which rely on mobile phone data to describe and predict (nowcast) the actual and future economic health of a territory.
Mediante una rassegna sintetica di studi e ricerche, il capitolo propone spunti per l'analisi di un particolare aspetto del sistema italiano di prima e seconda accoglienza di rifugiati e richiedenti asilo: gli operatori e le operatrici dei servizi. Gli studi sulla violenza di prossimità subita da migranti, principalmente di genere femminile, in transito nei centri per rifugiati e richiedenti asilo e sulla presa in carico da parte dei servizi sociosanitari segnalano criticità: alcune di esse concernono aspetti strutturali del sistema di accoglienza (normativa di riferimento), altre ineriscono ai criteri discrezionali propri dei centri. La carenza sia di figure competenti sia di uniformità e coordinamento tra i vari attori e servizi coinvolti produce maggiori conseguenze negative nei casi accertati di violenza e di disagio mentale. Anche in Italia, da ormai ben più di un decennio, sui temi legati all'accoglienza (e al respingimento), al transito, all'integrazione di rifugiati e richiedenti asilo si è animato e strutturato un ampio filone di studi, sia disciplinari sia inter- e transdisciplinari, al cui interno le questioni poste intorno a operatori e operatrici (ruoli e identità professionali, competenze, dilemmi etici tra mandato istituzionale e mandato professionale, discrezionalità rispetto alle cornici normative e politiche, background e formazione) rivestono un rilievo significativo dal punto di vista di un'appropriata e realistica analisi delle politiche di regolazione e gestione delle migrazioni. La seconda sezione del capitolo presenta un sintetico quadro delle fasi di costruzione del sistema italiano di accoglienza; la terza sezione si concentra sugli operatori nei servizi dell'accoglienza; nella quarta viene presentato e discusso il contributo delle ricerche etnografiche sui servizi e gli operatori di accoglienza. ; Through a concise review of studies and research, the chapter offers insights into a particular aspect of the Italian system of first and second reception of refugees and asylum seekers: ...
Der Beitrag behandelt neuere Studien zum Thema der nationes im frühneuzeitlichen Rom in jüngeren Studien. Er bezieht sich auf Forschungen angesehener ausländischer Einrichtungen wie der Bibliotheca Hertziana, Studien italienischer und ausländischer Wissenschaftler, die an einem von der römischen Accademia di Ungheria organisierten Studientag teilgenommen hatten, aber auch auf Untersuchungen einzelner Wissenschaftler. Alle behandeln nicht nur die künstlerischen Perspektiven, dieser nationalen Einrichtungen – Kirchen, Bruderschaften, Kollegien –, sondern analysieren auch deren Rolle als soziale, kulturelle und politische Aggregations- und Integrationsorte, die sie in dem komplexen römischen Umfeld ausgefüllt haben. Eine eindeutige Definition der Begriffe natio und Nationalkirche bleibt dabei schwierig, vor allem dann, wenn in den Einrichtungen Personen und Gruppen aus entfernten Territorien und Grenzregionen zusammenkamen. Vor diesem vielschichtigen Hintergrund fehlt es ferner noch an einer vertieften Erörterung der Nationalkollegien, die eine Missions- und Beherbergungsfunktion in sich vereinten. ; This article examines the attention devoted in recent studies to the topic of the nationes in Rome during the modern period. These include studies conducted by prestigious foreign institutions, such as the Hertziana Library, of essays published by the Italian and foreign attendees of a day conference organized by the Hungarian Academy in Rome, and research undertaken by individual scholars. All attempt not only to explore the artistic aspects of these national institutions – churches, confraternities, colleges – but also to analyse their role in providing a social, cultural and political meeting place and fostering integration into the complex world of Rome. However, there remains an intrinsic difficulty in finding a coherent definition both of the concept of natio and of national church, especially for those that attracted individuals and groups from distant and frontier territories. Within this variegated context ...
The construction of new stadiums owned by football clubs, according to a scheme that sees them accompanied by museums, restaurants and shops, is today a successful model. The idea is much appreciated and at the center of a lively debate, in which broadly favorable opinions generally prevail. But what does this model represent in current post-modern societies? How does it relate to their logics and their lines of development? What does it represent in the consumption system of our cities? This book offers some answers by analyzing the emergence of the contemporary soccer stadium, the relationships between stadiums and urban policies, the transformation of the fans, the coherence with the trends in post-industrial cities.
The paper focuses on an analysis of juveniles committing violent crimes, with particular reference to violence of a sexual nature. Using the results of a study carried out on data relating to juveniles dealt with in the Juvenile Centre of Justice of the Emilia Romagna Region (Ministry of Justice, Bologna), and in particular in the Reception Centre, the authors make an analysis of the phenomenon from a criminal-genetic and criminal-dynamic point of view, with an approach (in the light of social-environmental data) that focuses on the family dynamics within which the crime originates from a multifactorial and relational perspective. The analysis, which concerns the nature and social function of family and the historical development of these aspects, also takes account of the current lively debate on the notion of "parenthood". This theme is - at present - the object of analysis, on behalf of scientific doctrine and literature, from numerous viewpoints, with relation to which it today bears importance in the legal contexts. These considerations are confirmed in the light of results obtained so far through the ongoing research carried out at the Reception Centre in Bologna on juveniles committing violent crimes. These results show an extremely high proportion of youths belonging to disaggregated families, accounting for almost the entire sample (94.3% of cases). The paper so re-establishes the importance of the correlation between "broken homes" and juvenile disease. This phenomenon bears particular significance today: first and foremost, with regard to the measures adopted by operators assigned to treat juveniles in the criminal law sector, where professional experience has already shown the benefits of placing family at the centre of the youth's resocialisation process. In any case, the analysis of such social factors and dynamics appears to be particularly stimulating also with regard to the scientific debate in criminology, particularly with a view to generating proposals relating to legislation and political-social objectives, i.e. with specific reference to the legislative framework (Law 8 of February 2006, No. 54) which currently regulates cases of family breakdown in our legal system. ; La riflessione si incentra sull'analisi del minore autore di reati violenti, con particolare riferimento alla commissione di violenze di carattere sessuale. Attraverso i risultati di una ricerca – realizzata attraverso i dati relativi ai minori trattati all'interno dei Servizi afferenti al Centro di Giustizia Minorile della Regione Emilia Romagna (Ministero della Giustizia, Bologna), ed in particolare presso il Centro di Prima Accoglienza – gli A.A. svolgono un'analisi del fenomeno sotto il profilo criminogenetico e criminodinamico, con un approccio che – anche alla luce dei dati di carattere socio ambientale – privilegia in una prospettiva multifattoriale e relazionale l'analisi delle dinamiche familiari all'interno delle quali il reato ha avuto origine. La riflessione, che coinvolge la tematica della natura e della funzione sociale della famiglia considerate anche allaa luce della loro evoluzione storica, si sviluppa tenendo conto del vivace dibattito, attualmente in corso, sulla nozione di "genitorialità", che in questo momento è oggetto di analisi, da parte della dottrina e della letteratura scientifica, sotto le numerose angolazioni all'interno delle quali essa assume oggi rilevanza in sede giurisdizionale. Tali premesse, circa la rilevanza delle relazioni parento/filiali, appaiono validate anche dai risultati forniti dalla ricerca, ancora in corso di elaborazione, svolta sui minori autori di reati violenti presso il Centro di Prima Accoglienza di Bologna, risultati dai quali emerge che l'appartenenza dei ragazzi ad una famiglia disgregata è così forte da caratterizzare pressoché la totalità del campione (94.3% dei casi). Tale dato riconduce dunque alla problematica delle correlazioni fra "Broken Homes" e disagio minorile, che assume oggi particolare importanza anche in vista della definizione degli indirizzi di intervento che devono essere adottati dai tecnici deputati al trattamento dei minori nel settore dell'esecuzione penale.D'altro canto questi ultimi, in alcune strutture, alla luce della loro esperienza professionale, hanno già scelto linee di intervento nelle quali la famiglia è collocata al centro della strutturazione del percorso risocializzativo del ragazzo. Tuttavia, l'analisi di tali fatti sociali e di tali dinamiche appare particolarmente stimolante anche sul piano del dibattito scientifico in criminologia, in particolare nella prospettiva di fornire spunti di riflessione in tema di tecnica legislativa e di obiettivi di politica sociale, tenuto conto altresì del quadro normativo (l. 8 febbraio 2006, n°54) che attualmente disciplina, nel nostro ordinamento giuridico, i casi di rottura del nucleo familiare.
Il presente lavoro riflette in prospettiva sociologica,sulla riscoperta degli aspetti etici del consumo. I cosiddetti consumi critici, sostenibili e responsabili, che presuppongono un agire sociale dotato di senso, rappresentano una pratica di acquisto tesa al ben-vivere. Il consumo da vicario della produzione -qual' è stato per un lungo periodo- è diventato uno dei principali, se non il principale, punto di snodo della società in cui ci muoviamo. I consum-attori postmoderni, tecnicamente più preparati e in grado di esprimere richieste al mondo della produzione e della distribuzione, sono consapevoli che l'atto di acquisto è diventato uno strumento per esprimere impegno e responsabilità nella sfera pubblica. Tale pratica contribuisce all'affermazione e alla determinazione di nuovi modi di essere e di agire dove confluiscono nuovi valori simbolici legati all'emergere di nuove abitudini di spesa. Partendo da tale ipotesi, la parte empirica del lavoro affronta un'analisi qualitativa prendendo in esame lo sviluppo del farmer's market, il mercato degli agricoltori, forma ed espressione della filiera corta. Si osserva un caso di studio nella Regione Molise allo scopo di comprendere cosa si cela dietro l'atto di acquisto e perché si predilige un atteggiamento alternativo al sistema della grande distribuzione. Il farmer's market è un luogo di convivialità dove è possibile fermarsi, parlare, consumare qualcosa in compagnia. E' un'occasione in cui vengono accorciate le distanze fisiche, economiche e soprattutto sociali, in cui diventa sempre più lontana l'idea della spesa intesa come atto funzionale ed alienante tipico dell'homo consumericus. Concezioni, abitudini e atteggiamenti che propongono il passaggio da un modello di consumi in cui l'elemento fondante è rappresentato dal benessere soggettivo -componente primario della felicità personale anche dal punto di vista identitario ed espressivo - ad un modello in cui i consumi restano fondamentali, ma come ingredienti di una migliore qualità del vivere. La prima parte del lavoro a valenza introduttiva, ripercorre con un excursus sulla letteratura, le teorie dei classici e dei contemporanei del pensiero sociologico, tentando di fornire una definizione di consumatore postmoderno. A questa, seguono i temi della sostenibilità ambientale e responsabilità sociale che mirano ad opporsi alle logiche proprie dello spreco-consumo, radici della crisi ambientale, del degrado e del rischio globale. La questione ecologica diventa, economica e politica, e ancor più una questione sociale, frutto di una nuova logica organizzativa in materia di consumo. La seconda parte affronta la ricerca sul campo riportando tra gli altri, i dati sulle motivazioni alla base di tale pratica di consumo e successivamente esplorando il ruolo del produttore/venditore attraverso l'attribuzione di credibilità che gli viene conferita. Il concetto di comunità, ambito tutt'oggi aperto nel dibattito sociologico, conclude il percorso di ricerca ponendo attenzione alla riscoperta del localismo. ; This thesis focuses on the rediscovery of the ethical aspects of consumption. Principal consumption that is both sustainable and responsible presupposes what Weber termed a rational social action and represents an aspiration to live well. Vicarious consumption - which has existed for a long time – has become one of the principal if not the principal turning point in the society in which we live. Post-modern consumers, technically more prepared and able to express their wishes to the world of production and distribution, are aware that shopping has become an instrument with which to express commitment and responsibility in the public domain. Shopping has contributed to the affirmation and the determination of new ways of being and behaving, which converge with the new symbolic values tied to the emergence of new shopping habits. Using this hypothesis as a starting point, the empirical part of this thesis engages with a qualitative analysis of the development of the farmers' market, the embodiment of a short distribution chain. It examines a case study in the region of Molise, with the aim of understanding what is concealed behind the act of shopping and why there is now a preference for an alternative way of thinking that goes against the model of mass production. The farmers' market is a place of conviviality, where it is possible to stop, talk and consume something in company. It is an occasion in which physical, economic and above all social distances are diminished, where the idea of food shopping as merely an essential and alienating act, typical of the homo consumericus, is remote. Conceptions, habits and attitudes now promote a move away from a model of consumption founded on the principle of subjective well-being – a primary component of personal happiness, even when seen from the point of view of identity and expression – to a model in which consumers remain fundamental, but are now the main players in the quest for a better quality of life. The first part of the thesis, as an introduction, reviews the literature and discusses both classic and contemporary sociological theory, with the aim of producing a definition of the post-modern consumer. This is followed by a discussion of environmental sustainability and social responsibility, two concepts that are set in opposition to the logics of wasteful consumption, something that can be seen at the heart of the global environmental crisis. The ecological debate has become not only economic and political but social; the fruit of a new organisational logic in the field of consumption. The second part of the thesis deals with the field work, presenting amongst other things, data concerning the motivation at the heart of this new model of consumption. This is followed by a detailed exploration of the role of the producer/seller by focusing on the attribution of credibility which has been conferred upon them. A discussion of the concept of community, a concept still wide open in sociological debate, with a particular emphasis on the rediscovery of localism, concludes this research. ; Dottorato di ricerca in Sociologia e Ricerca Sociale (XXIV ciclo)
È possibile rinunciare alla pena come inflizione di una sofferenza? Ed è possibile garantire la tenuta dell'ordine in una democrazia senza un costante richiamo alla "forza di legge"? In un percorso che lega la penalità alla forza necessaria alla preservazione dell'or- dine e che tocca tanto l'aspetto simbolico-sacrificale della pena quanto la sua rile- vanza nell'attività di ordinamento della società, s'intende discutere delle condizioni di praticabilità di una giustizia che rinunci alla forza del castigo come elemento imprescindibile per istituire la società. Is it possible to give up punishment as infliction of suffering? And is it possible to guarantee the maintenance of order in a democracy without constant reference to the "force of law"? In a path that links the penalty to the force necessary to preserve order and that touches as much on the symbolic-sacrificial aspect of punishment as on its relevance in the activity of social ordering, this paper will discuss the coercive nature of punishment and its function in maintaining order. The aim is to outline some conditions in order to think about justice beyond the force of punishment as an essential element for establishing society. Parole chiave / Keywords: pena, vendetta, forza, ordinamento, giustizia / punishment, vengeance, force, ordering, justice.
Public administration, strategic management and organizational behaviour have found an intersection in behavioural microfoundation of dynamic capabilities. The aspects are treated through literature reviews and empirical analyses. The attention is on public organizations. Municipalities are characterized by proximity to external stakeholders and the possibility to apply strategic concepts, such as dynamic capabilities. Two dynamic capabilities are relevant: innovation and ambidexterity. The thesis defines these constructs and studies their antecedents. In microfoundation, two major fields are cognitive capabilities and social capital. A survey is administered in Italian local governments. Data collection is significant: 551 municipal employees working in 50 municipalities. The results confirm that cognitive capabilities, mindfulness and political skills, and social capital, internal and external, may have positive effects on individual dynamic capabilities in local governments.
The global health emergency, due to the spread of covid-19, has led Italy and many national governments to uptake containment measures, such as the implementation of nationwide lockdowns. This political response has resulted in a sudden restriction of physical interactions within social, parental and friendship networks, and in the unexpected intensification of proximity among cohabitants. This unprecedented event has paved the way for the study of the psychosocial effects of the lockdown, starting from economic and relational aspects. It also has brought back to light the classical theories of social sciences and, in particular, the importance of concepts such as identity, community and social networks. The paper describes some of the results of the first survey by the cnr irpps musa-covid-19 Observatory; the analysis, in this case, has been carried out through the use of a multivariate data analysis technique. The results show that, during the first phase of lockdown, in particular in the Southern regions of Italy, risks related to job and income have had minor impact on the perception of primary negative emotions rather than the other variables on relational dynamics, such as the family atmosphere.
Ruskin's social criticism, which in Unto This Last (1862) harshly condemned the effects of industrialism by mythologizing medieval age and craftmanship, had a wide influence on social reformers of various political orientations: William Morris, J.A. Hobson, the Art and Crafts Movement, the guildism of Arthur Penty and GHD Cole and the New Age circle, with an impact that went as far as the early decades of the 20th century. While his work as an art critic was promptly received in the Italian cultural debate, his social criticism found little audience, at least until the turn of the centuries, and anyway not in the sphere of economic and sociological culture. In this contribution I intend to examine how the circulation of Ruskin's social thought in the Italian cultural debate between the nineteenth and twentieth centuries was inscribed in the renewed interest in the social function of art, advocated in the Florentine literary journal Il Marzocco with particular reference to the work of Lev Tolstoy by young intellectuals such as Ugo Ojetti, Angelo Orvieto, and Enrico Corradini, as well as established critics as Angelo Conti. The debate became a watershed moment in Italian culture, involving crucial issues as identity and tradition, artistic heritage and national rebirth. By including in this cultural framework the reception of Ruskin's social criticism, I intend to highlight its connection with the emergence of the movement for the conservation of the artistic heritage, in which Il Mazocco had a leading role, and to suggest it having mixed political implications. Ruskinian references were channeled in a perspective of national rebirth and regeneration; for a paradoxical but interesting twist, aspects of Ruskin's anti-industrialist and medievalist imagery converged within the new nationalist and nationalist dimension that crossed the Italian (and European) culture of the first decade of the century
