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"The seeds of this volume were planted as early as 2011 when we were working on a project about the United States efforts to combat trafficking in persons. That project was focused on the rating system by the US Department of State, which assesses government efforts to combat human trafficking. We wondered, do that "tier" system had any influence on countries' propensity to criminalize human trafficking. Somewhere halfway through the project, in the fall of 2011, we were skyping across the Atlantic in a series of intense revision efforts, when we began to realize that we might be on to something larger than this specific example and that there was something about of the process of rating that went beyond information gathering; it seemed to constitute social pressure, maybe even an effort at governance. While we had worked before on the effects of monitoring and global norms on state behavior and studied causal mechanisms from reputational concerns to domestic mobilization around global norms, this phenomenon seemed to bring together many of these past insights into a unique combination of causal mechanisms. Soon thereafter we were both grateful for the opportunity to attend a conference at NYU in 2014 organized by Sally Merry and Benedict Kingsbury on the construction of performance indices. The more we started to think about it, the more we were intrigued about the phenomenon of rating and rankings"--

How do states overcome problems of collective action in the face of human atrocities, terrorism and the threat of weapons of mass destruction? How does international burden-sharing in this context look like: between the rich and the poor; the big and the small? These are the questions Marina E. Henke addresses in her new book Constructing Allied Cooperation. Through qualitative and quantitative analysis of 80 multilateral military coalitions, Henke demonstrates that coalitions do not emerge naturally. Rather, pivotal states deliberately build them. They develop operational plans and bargain suitable third parties into the coalition, purposefully using their bilateral and multilateral diplomatic connections - what Henke terms diplomatic embeddedness—as a resource. As Constructing Allied Cooperation shows, these ties constitute an invaluable state capability to engage others in collective action: they are tools to construct cooperation. Pulling apart the strategy behind multilateral military coalition-building, Henke looks at the ramifications and side effects as well. As she notes, via these ties, pivotal states have access to private information on the deployment preferences of potential coalition participants. Moreover, they facilitate issue-linkages and side-payments and allow states to overcome problems of credible commitments. Finally, pivotal states can use common institutional contacts (IO officials) as cooperation brokers, and they can convert common institutional venues into fora for negotiating coalitions. The theory and evidence presented by Henke force us to revisit the conventional wisdom on how cooperation in multilateral military operations comes about. The author generates new insights with respect to who is most likely to join a given multilateral intervention, what factors influence the strength and capacity of individual coalitions, and what diplomacy and diplomatic ties are good for. Moreover, as the Trump administration promotes an "America First" policy and withdraws from international agreements and the United Kingdom completes Brexit, Constructing Allied Cooperation is an important reminder that international security cannot be delinked from more mundane forms of cooperation; multilateral military coalitions thrive or fail depending on the breadth and depth of existing social and diplomatic networks.

"Decades after the end of the World War II, East Asia continues to struggle with lingering animosities and unresolved historical grievances in domestic, bilateral and regional memory landscapes. China, Japan and the Korea share a history of inter- and intra-violence, self-other identity construction and diametrically opposed interpretations of the past. Routledge Handbook of Memory and Reconciliation in East Asia offers a complete overview of the challenges of national memory and ideological rivalry for reconciliation in the East Asian region. Chapters provide authoritative analyses of contentious issues such as comfort women, the Nanjing massacre, history textbook controversies, shared heritage sites, colonial rule, territorial disputes and restitution. By interweaving memory, human rights and reconciliation the contributors actively explore real prospects of redressing past wrongs and achieving peaceful coexistence at personal as well as governmental levels. Bringing together an international team of experts, this book is an essential read for students and scholars of East Asian studies, anthropology, gender studies, history, international relations, law, political science, and sociology, and for those interested in memory and reconciliation issues"--Provided by publisher

"The world has a lot of questions about the current state of affairs between the United States and Iran… How has the US undermined democracy in Iran? Is Iran really trying to develop nuclear weapons? How has US waged a terror campaign against Iran for years? How is it that the US and Israel, rather than Iran, are destabilizing the Middle East? How has Iran helped the US in the war on terror? In 'The Plot to Attack Iran', critically acclaimed author Dan Kovalik exposes what Americans have known about the Islamic Republic is largely based on propaganda. The 1953 coup that deposed the democratically-elected prime minister for a US-selected shah? Sold to average American citizens as a necessity to protect democracy and guard against communism. In truth, it was America's lust for Iranian oil and power that installed the tyrannical shah. The Iranian hostage crisis that miraculously ended with Ronald Reagan's inauguration as president? Evidence shows that Reagan negotiated with the hostage-takers to hold the hostages until his inauguration. Iran, once known as Persia, is one of the oldest nations on earth. It has a rich history and a unique culture, and is bordered by seven countries, the Caspian Sea, and the Persian Gulf. It is literally the intersection of many countries and many worlds. It has a population of eighty million people and occupies a space nearly the size of Alaska, the largest US state; it is the seventeenth largest country in the world. Over the past century, Iran's greatest resource, and at the same time its greatest curse, has been its oil. For it is oil that has caused the United States and other world powers to systematically attempt to destroy Iran. After a greedy Iranian monarch sold all of Iran's oil and natural gas reserves to a British financier in 1901, the West started just one of its many invasions and exploitations of the country. Using recently declassified documents and memos, as well as first-hand experience of the country, critically-acclaimed author Dan Kovalik will change the way you think about Iran, and especially what you think of US interference there. Learn how the United States vilifies its enemies, and accuses them of unspeakable horror to mask its own terrible crimes. Not only does the illuminating and important 'The Plot to Attack Iran' delve into the current incendiary situation, but it also predicts what could happen next, and what needs to be done before it is too late." (Publisher's description)

Acknowledgment -- Prologue -- Introduction: the nature of Islamic financial economics in Tawhidi methodological framework -- The Tawhidi methodology with implication in Islamic economics as an embedded socio-scientific system contra-Islamic mainstream reasoning -- The philosophy of knowledge in Islam and its implications on the generality and specifics of the world-system -- Religion and social economics -- Appendix to chapter 3: non-parametric representation of what integration between economics and religions means in the evolutionary learning methodological worldview -- Generalized system view of Maqasid as-shariah -- The performance measures of Islamic banking based on the maqasid framework -- Shari'ah market in global implications -- A generalized islamic development-financing instrument -- The role of zakah in mainstream economic model -- Human potential, wellbeing and philanthropy: a philosophico-financial economic inquiry -- The Islamic panacea to global financial predicament : a new financial architecture -- Statistical appendix to chapter 10: data on critical financial crisis indicators -- Is there possibility for Islamic financial economics and islamic banking? (a post-orthodoxy criticism) -- Conclusion: islamisation of knowledge and education and its implication in Islamic financial economics

Migration: a historical perspective : European port cities as a case study/ Paul van de Laar -- Urban migration histories / Marlou Schrover -- Learning from history : city governance of migration and diversity in Britain and Germany / Sarah Hackett -- Creating succesful, diverse cities : what role can cultural institutions play? / Peggy Levitt -- Migrant entrepreneurship and cities : new opportunities, newcomers, new issues / Robert Kloosterman -- Participation of migrants in European cities : patterns of civic and political engagement / Laura Morales and Katia Pilati -- Local politics and immigration : mobilising immigrant associations beyond small scale cities / Juan Carlos Triviño-Salazar -- Political systems, parties and diversity : the case of Amsterdam / Floris Vermeulen -- How do local actors promote civic participation of immigrants and ethnic minorities? : approaches to integration and local dynamics / Teresa Cappiali -- Warsaw : a new immigration city in search of its integration policy towards new comers / Maciej Duszczyk, Dominika Pszczólkowska and Dominik Wach -- The worlds apart : the growing gap between national and local integration policies / Peter Scholten -- City immigrant affair officies in the United States : taking local control of immigrant integration / Els de Grauw -- Transnational city networks on migration between multilevel and local governance : an appraisal / Tiziana Caponio -- City governance of migration and diversity : interculturalism as a city policy paradigm / Ted Cantle and Ricard Zapata-Barrero -- The local governance of immigrant integration in Europe : the state of the art and a conceptual model for future research / Maria Schiller -- City governance of immigration in Canadian cities : the state of the art / Kristin Good -- The governance of superdiversity : a tale of two North American cities / Jill Simone Gross -- Rotterdam as a reluctant superdiverse city / Peter Scholten -- Intercultural governance index : an exploratory study in Spanish cities / Ricard Zapata-Barrero -- Superdiversity and the politics of culturalization in Amsterdam / Paul Mepschen and Jan Willem Duyvendak -- Delhi's superdiversity : a historical account to understand present-days / Sheetal Sharma -- Assembling a fragmented Bogotá : migrations, local polices and urban dynamics / Fabiola Pardo -- Jakarta : on the brink of being a divided city? : ethnicity, media and social transformation / Riwanto Tirtosudarmo and Aulia Hadi -- Urban diversity and inequality : the role of immigration in the socio-spatial organization of Lisbon / Maria Lucinda Fonseca and Jennifer McGarrigle -- Urban citizenship in times of emergency : the impact of national control policies on the incorporation of precarious migrants in Tel-Aviv/Jaffa / Adriana Kemp -- Lampedusa : dynamics of bordering and "encampment" / Marie Bassi -- Local impacts of global North's blackmailing on concerning transit migration : the cases of Tijuana and Istanbul / Giovanna Marconi -- Making and unmaking migrant irregularity : a border city during Italy's "migration crisis" / Simon McMahon

Information warfare and democratic decay -- Russian information warfare and U.S. elections -- Russian influence operations in Europe -- China's global information operations -- An uneven playing field -- A proposal for transnational regulation -- Policy analysis : weighing costs and benefits -- The First Amendment.

"Why are some African countries trapped in vicious cycles of ethnic exclusion and civil war, while others experience relative peace? In this groundbreaking book, Philip Roessler addresses this question. Roessler models Africa's weak, ethnically-divided states as confronting rulers with a coup-civil war trap--sharing power with ethnic rivals is necessary to underwrite societal peace and prevent civil war, but increases rivals' capabilities to seize sovereign power in a coup d'état. How rulers respond to this strategic trade-off is shown to be a function of their country's ethnic geography and the distribution of threat capabilities it produces. Moving between in-depth case studies of Sudan and the Democratic Republic of the Congo based on years of field work and statistical analyses of powersharing, coups and civil war across sub-Saharan Africa, the book serves as an exemplar of the benefits of mixed methods research for theory-building and testing in comparative politics"--Publisher description

Introduction -- Asian borderlands in a global perspective / Martin Saxer, Alessandro Rippa and Alexander Horstmann -- Conceptual framing -- Violence in Asian borderlands / Reece Jones -- Asia's gendered borderlands / Malini Sur -- Intimate militarism : domesticating the border in rural Central Asia / Madeleine Reeves -- Borders and bordering in Asia / Karin Dean -- Zomia and beyond / Jean Michaud -- Livelihoods, commodities, mobilities -- Political livelihoods in northeast borderlands of Cambodia : legacy of the past, territorial incorporation and confrontation / Frédéric Bourdier -- Cross-border commodities : processual histories, commodity chains, and the Yak tail trade / Tina Harris -- Old routes, new roads : proximity across the China-Pakistan border / Alessandro Rippa -- Making place within a geopolitical frontier : Mae Aw (Ban Rak Thai) / Carl Grundy-Warr, Jessica Teo and Chin Wei Jun -- Making connectivity work : exploring cross-border livelihoods between Kazakhstan and China / Henryk Alff -- Ritual and issues of ethnic integration in the borderlands of the state of Rakhine/Arakan (Myanmar) / Alexandra de Mersan -- Asia's borderlands : physical land use and agrarian transformations -- Genesis of state space : frontier commodification in Malaysian borneo / Noboru Ishikawa -- Frontier constellations : agrarian expansion and sovereignty on the Indonesian-Malaysian border / Michael Eilenberg -- Beyond "natural" pressures : Chinese agriculture in the Russian Far East / Jiayi Zhou -- A failed market experiment and ignored livelihoods : Jatropha expansion in the Sino-Vietnamese borderlands / Jean-François Rousseau -- Border and boundaries of the state, governance and the production of statelessness -- Multiple borders and bordering processes in Kachin state / Karin Dean and Mart Viirand -- Turning your back to the border : federalism, territory and claims for autonomy in the Nepal-India borderland / Rune Bennike -- A proliferation of border interfaces : ordering insecurity for migrants in the Thai-Burmese borderlands / Adam Saltsman -- The decision to move : post-exchange experiences in the former Bangladesh-India border enclaves / Md. Azmeary Ferdoush and Reece Jones -- The backdoors of resistance : identities in the Malay peninsula's maritime borderlands / Maxime Boutry -- Ethnic reconstruction and Austronesian strategies at the borders : the moken social space in Burma / Jaques Ivanoff -- It's all about relations: re-conceptualizing trade and the economy in the borderlands -- Accumulating trust : uyghur traders in the Sino-Kyrgyz border trade after 1991 / Rune Steenberg -- The "leech plot" : discourses on alleged deception strategies among traders in the Sino-Vietnamese borderlands / Caroline Grillot -- Nobody stops and stays anymore : motor roads, uneven mobilities, and conceptualizing borderland modernity in highland Nepal / Galen Murton -- Cultivating consumer markets : ethnic minority traders and the refashioning of cultural commodities in the Sino-Vietnamese border uplands / Christine Bonnin -- Invisible trade : sovereign decisions on the Sino-Russian border / Natalia Ryzhova -- Humanitarians, religion and NGOs -- Humanitarian assistance and protestant proselytizing in the borderlands of Myanmar : the free Burma rangers / Alexander Horstmann -- The moral economy of the Myawaddy-Mae Sot border / Su-Ann Oh -- Biosocial body of ethno-religious boundaries in a Tibetan marriage / Dan Smyer Yü -- Development institutions and religious networks in the Pamirian borderlands / Till Mostowlansky -- Militarization of borderlands -- Border, checkpoint, bodies / Pradeep Jeganathan -- Musical crossings over the militarised borderland: a case study of the Ogasawara Islands / Masaya Shishikura -- Evaded states : security and control in the Sino-North Korean border region / Adam Cathcart -- Border and road regimes in Central Asia : ordering disorder at Uzbek-Kazakh checkpoint / Rano Turaeva -- Bordered spaces : spatial strategies in a "disputed border" / Wargajyoti Gohain

In the last decade advances in statistics, computing power, and data collection has led to an increased interest in forecasting within the field of peace and conflict research and to the adoption of a wide range of methodological approaches for making such forecasts. By making use of these more powerful forecasting methods researchers have been able to produce accurate predictions, as well as better inferences, of many different types of contentious politics events and to create operational early warning systems for such events. Adapting these forecasting methods to the social world in which politics and political behavior operate, however, is not without its challenges. This dissertation explores a number of methodological issues and advances in peace and conflict research, both inferential and forecasting oriented, through a series of four papers. In the first paper, I explore trends in democratization and autocratization using dynamic simulation. In Paper II, my co-author and I take aim at the difficulty of modeling and making forecasts with data which contains both excess zeroes and extreme-values. We propose an extreme-value and zero-inflated regression model which we use to replicate a study on the effects of UN peacekeepers on violence against civilians. Paper III explores latent variable modeling by using Markov models to make forecasts for escalation and de-escalation of armed conflicts. In the last paper, I investigate the effects of missing data and imputation techniques on the predictive performance of models. The four papers of the dissertation make several contributions to the growing literature of forecasting within peace and conflict research. First, the dissertation contributes to the methodological aspects of conflict forecasting by developing new statistical tools, Paper II, and adapting tools from other fields to different processes of armed conflict and contentious politics, Papers I & III, as well as by evaluating the practical effects of common choices in data pre-processing on the performance of forecasts in Paper IV. Second, the dissertation contributes to new ways of drawing inferences about conflict processes by anchoring the inferences in the latent state of the conflict processes in Papers II & III, and through the comparison of aggregated simulations to the historical record in Paper I. Lastly, the dissertation makes a substantive contribution to the broader field of peace and conflict research in Papers I & II by contributing to the debate on the waves of democratization and autocratization, and by nuancing the impact of UN Peacekeepers on violence against civilians.

Data secured from a sample of 1,530 parishioners representing the total membership of the Protestant Episcopal Church were used to investigate the strength and sources of differing points of view about the proper role of the church in contemporary American political life. Two specific questions dealt with are: (1) What limitations should be imposed on the political activities of the clergy? (2) What are the differences between church members who exhibit a 'permissive' attitude toward such activities and those who oppose them? Results indicate that almost all parishioners are willing for the minister to take some part in political activities. For example, 89% agree that he should urge his parishioners to vote. However, they are not willing that he assume a partisan role. Thus, less than 25% think it proper for the minister to permit candidates to speak in the parish house, and only 9% would approve of the endorsement of specific candidates. A 6 point Guttman scale based on responses to 5 types of ministerial activities was used to rank parishioners along a permissiveness dimension. Further analysis showed that the more permissive members were also more likely to feel that the church should concern itself with social and econ problems, should encourage support of the UN, and in general take a position on practical political issues. Contrary to expectation, however, an attitude of permissiveness toward such clerical activism is not directly but inversely related to the involvement of the individual in the organizational life of the church. The greater the % of the individual's group affiliations which are church-related, the less likely is he to endorse an active political role for the church. The relationship is maintained when sex, age, and educ are controlled and is therefore not a spurious one, though it is more pronounced among women than men, among older rather than younger parishioners, and among those with little educ and little interest or knowledge about public affairs. A clue to the interpretation of such resistance to clerical activism on the part of highly committed parishioners is given by the finding that such persons do approve of close ties between church and family. A close linking between family and church and a weak association between church and political participation are both aspects of a 'traditionalistic orientation toward religion and the church.' K. Geiger.