Suchergebnisse

The Meiji Restoration of 1868 resumed the early Japanese practice, which had been interrupted for 1,000 yrs of importing culture from abroad & adapting it to Japanese needs & conditions. One means it used to accomplish this was to endorse the policy of sending S's abroad to study & do res. The door was closed on the practice by WWII but opened again in 1945. In the period 1949-1955 Japan has sent 1,473 S's to the US, France, GB, Germany, India, & Italy. Also during the same period Japan participated in 318 internat conferences. Since 1954 Japan herself has invited 38 undergrads & res S's to study in Japan at her expense. During the yrs immediately following the Meiji Restoration Japanese S's could bring home the knowledge & techniques of Western culture. They helped lay the foundation for modern Japan. Later S's found it more difficult to make such radical & important influences on national life & policy. The nationalism & xenophobia which became more & more dominant in Japan reduced incentives to study abroad. Self-examination after WWII has led to a resumption of the policy of learning as much as possible from foreign nations. Technical knowledge & world understanding should both be emphasized in foreign study probrams. Needed adjustments in the program include the desirability of providing orientation courses (in language & customs) for the participants, making it possible for married S's to bring their families with them, improving the means for selecting exchange S's & scholars, & for increasing the scope of the exchanges. B. J. Keeley.