Suchergebnisse

The concept of the city as an aspect of civilization & human development is discussed. The history of man's life in towns is briefly reviewed, from the earliest Neolithic settlements to the modern city. Particular attention is paid to Mexico & the attempts of the first Spanish settlers to express utopian ideas in the material form of new towns. This is contrasted with Ur transition in modern Latin America, which has resulted not from development or even industrialization, but from the negative force of Ru poverty. The need for integrated planning that would treat Ru & Ur space as complementary is stressed. The dehumanizing nature of the modern city is discussed, & suggestions are made for approaches to city planning that could reverse this trend & improve residents' social well-being. Inhabitants should participate in the planning process, & design should seek to further social contacts among residents. 1 Table, 6 Illustrations. C. Waters

Industrial reconversion is required by the major transformations in world capitalism; at the national level, it is essential if products are to be competitive in the world market. The current situation in Mexico is reviewed, examining statistical evidence for the 1980s, & Mexico's policy & strategies for industrial reconversion over the next thirty years are discussed. The background of worldwide trends is examined, including relations between the advanced economies & the debtor countries. As regards Mexico, both private & parastate industries are discussed, reviewing aspects such as the accumulation & disaccumulation of capital, the employment rate, productivity, & the wage/price ratio. Above all, the need for balance is emphasized: between isolation & total openness; between industry & agriculture; & between consumer goods & capital goods. C. Waters

L'etude des processus politiques contemporains de l'Amerique Latine doit etre basee sur une analyse minutieuse de la realite sociale. Elle exige une approche eclectique qui combine les elements utils des theories de la modernisation, du fonctionnalisme et du marxisme. Parmi les aspects les plus importants a analyser, il y a la structure de la pyramide sociale et du pouvoir de l'etat, les phenomenes de violence et les formes de participation populaire. Les partis politiques jouent un role particulierement essentiel dans les processus politiques, comme l'une des conditions d'une democratie viable

Synthesizing concepts set down on the prologue of the original work, the Architect Liliana Rainis says: «This work aims two aspects of undeniable merit: on the one hand, the unfolding of all the steps of a design process understood in its phases of: specific design, construction and use-verification, and on the hand, the explanation of a method of total design or ecodesign. Both aspects rarely find themselves together in architectural publications on «design», whether it is a matter of books or of specialized magazines; the first aspect, upon arriving at verification, allows the advance on that mere «analysis» or «interpretation» which the bibliography generally permits, in order to complete the true critique up to the evaluation stage, where the designer becomes his own critic. The second aspect develops an actual methodology based on a previous study, delineating a theoretical main part that could shape what the autor calls ecodesign. Coherent with the whole process it studies, the work is organized in the four parts which form that process: design, execution, verification, epilogue. It is therefore a matter of thoughts and explanations which first point out the almost permanent problems of the Argentinian university in its social and political context and within the difficulty to provide particular physical answers to a growing university population, problems which in themselves are interesting and of fundamental importance in our country. Finally, following the conclusions of the work, it is a stimulus to continue studying the problem, both in detail and in general, taking into account the world situation of the last decades where new universities has been developed whether on pedagogical plans or in its physical structures (let us remember the examples of Europe, the United States, Canada, etc.), supporting a wide and profound debate which would involve the university in its double aspect: as knowledge activity and as an architectural urban planning both complex and operational, with professionals, ...

The social, cultural and sanitary problem concerning rural housing in Latin America depends to a large extent on the confluence of political, ethnic and environmental aspects and centuries of personal and folkloric financing which make a solution truly difficult. Technologically-speaking, it is possible to contribute to the gradual improvement of traditional domestic techniques by studying these in depth and making use of their undeniable kindliness in order to achieve greater efficiency in aspects which are currently negative. This will make up the technicians* contribution to a wider broaching of this subject, with care being taken, however, so as not to produce stereotyped solutions which cause more problems than the ones the solve, bay having a negative impact on the double changes involving these people. ; El problema social, cultural y sanitario de la vivienda rural, en Latinoamérica, depende en gran medida de la confluencia de aspectos políticos, étnicos, ambientales y siglos de afianzamiento vivencial y costumbrista que son verdaderamente muy difícil de solucionar. Tecnológicamente es posible contribuir al mejoramiento paulatino de las técnicas constructivas domésticas tradicionales, estudiándolas profundamente y aprovechando sus innegables bondades para lograr mayor eficacia en los aspectos actualmente negativos. Esta será la contribución de los técnicos a un más amplio abarque del tema, pero con el cuidado de no producir soluciones estereotipadas que causen más problemas que los que solucionan al impactar negativamente en los bicambiantes de tales individuos.

En 1979 Y. Lacoste a publié dans la revue «Hérodote», un article surpreneant intitulé «A bas Vidal . Viva Vidal» qui exhumait la dernière oeuvre de Vidal de la Blache: La france de l'Est (Loraine-Alsace) (1917). Dans cet article, Lacoste faisait l'éloge de certains aspects économiques, sociaux et surtout géopolitiques, non traités dans le traditionnel modèle vidalien. Nous tenteron d'approfondir dans cet essai l'une des questions qu'a induite l'article de Lacoste, a savoir la place qu'occupe la Géographie Politique dans l'école vidalien. Les différents travaux et actions des disciples de Vidal ont fait preuve d'un grand intéret pour la Géographie Politique en abandonnant provisoirement le schéma decriptif prope A la géographie régionale française. A la fin de la première guerre mondiale, le problème frontalier de l'AlsaceLoraine devient l'axe central de La France de l'Est; On a fait ressortir les éléments géo-politiques de cette oeuvre a fin de démontrer que l'aspect géo-politique de l'école vidalienne est méconnu. ; In 1979, a surprising article of Y. Lacoste's appeared in the periodical publication «Hérodote» under the title of «A bas Vidal. Viva Vidal» («Down with Vidal, long live Vidal»), the objective of which was to unearth the last work of Vidal de la Blache: La France de l'Est (Loraine-Alsace) (1917). In this work, Lacoste distinguished some aspects previously ignored in what has traditionally been considered the vidalian model of geography; aspects such as economic social and especially, geopolitical phenomena. This article attempts to make a more profound analysis of one of the questions raised in Lacoste's article: What role did Political Geography play in the French Vidal de la Blache School of thought?. Many of the works and actions of Vidal's disciples demonstrate a special interest in Political Geography, with the momentaneous abandon of the descriptive model, so characteristic of French regional Geography. In fact, the Alsace-Loraine frontier dispute at the end of the First World War was the central theme in La France de l'Est. The truly geo-political elements of this work have been extracted, in an effort to demonstrate that one aspect of the Vidalian School has long been forgotten -the aspect of Political Geography. ; En 1979, Y. Lacoste publicó en la revista «Herodote» un sorprendente articulo, titulado «A bas Vidal . Viva Vidal!», en el que pretendia desenterrar la Última obra de Vidal de la Blache: La France de l'Est (Loraine-Alsace) (1917). Lacoste apreciaba en esta obra algunos aspectos silenciados en el que tradicionalmente se ha considerado modelo vidaliano de la geografia, tales como los fenómenos económicos, sociales y, especialmente, geopoliticos. El presente ensayo pretende profundizar en uno de los interrogantes que abrió el articulo de Lacoste: i qué lugar ocupa la Geografia Política en la escuela francesa de Vidal de la Blache? Varias obras y actuaciones de los discipulos de Vidal denotan un especial interés por la Geografia Política, abandonando momentaneamente el modelo de las descripciones propias de la geografia regionalista francesa. La problematica fronteriza de la Alsacia-Lorena a finales de la I Guerra Mundial se convierte en el eje central de La France de I'Est; de esta obra se han separado 10s elementos propiamente geopoliticos, a fin de demostrar que existe un aspecto olvidado dentro de la escuela vidaliana, el aspecto de la Geografia Política. ; El 1979 Y. Lacoste publicava a «Hérodote» un sorprenent article que, sota el títol de «A bas Vidal . Viva Vidal», pretenia treure a la llum la darrera obra de Vidal de la Blache: La France de l'Est (Lorraine-Alsace) (1917). Lacoste elogiava d'aquesta obra el fet de comptar amb alguns aspectes no inclosos en el que tradicionalment s'ha considerat model vidalil, com ara els fenomens econbmics, socials i, sobretot, geopolítics. El present assaig pretén aprofundir en un dels interrogants que va obrir l'article de Lacoste: quin era el lloc ocupat per la Geografia Política dins l'escola francesa a l'época vidaliana? Diverses obres i actuacions dels deixebles de Vidal denoten un interks rellevant per a la Geografia Política, abandonant momentaniament el model de les descripcions prbpies de la geografia regionalista francesa. La problematica fronterera de l'Alsacia-Lorena a les acaballes de la I Guerra Mundial esdevé l'eix central de La France de l'Est; d'aquesta obra s'han volgut destriar els elements prbpiament geopolitics, amb la finalitat conjunta de demostrar que, efectivament, existeix una vessant oblidada de l'escola vidaliana, la vessant de la Geografia Política.

Es constatable el hecho de la revitalización de las fiestas de Semana Santa. El análisis trata de buscar las claves de ese hecho, que es multidimensional y complejo. Se establece una hipótesis psico-sociológica. El ritual cumple una función social, referente a la pertenencia al grupo y a la lucha por el poder. Cumple además una función simbólica. En ambos aspectos se da un peligro de manipulación política y religiosa. ; There has been a marked revival of Easter festivities in Andalusia. This analysis examines the key points of this revival, which is multidimensional and complex. A psico-sociological hypothesis is established. The ritual fulfills a social function, particularly with respect to the importance of the group and the struggle for power. It also has has a symbolic function. In both aspects there is a risk of political and religious manipulation. ; Grupo de Investigación Antropología y Filosofía (SEJ-126). Universidad de Granada

Este documento, producto del proyecto conjunto UNESCO - OREALC, SECAB, SENA y gobierno español, profundiza sobre el concepto de evaluación de la educación, los diferentes enfoques que se plantean sobre el tema, estructura, contenido y aspectos de la evaluación y diseño de actividades y procesos de evaluación. ; This document, product of the joint project UNESCO - OREALC, SECAB, SENA and Spanish government, delves into the concept of evaluation of education, the different approaches that are raised on the subject, structure, content and aspects of the evaluation and design of activities and evaluation processes. ; Generalidades sobre evaluación -- Clasificación de la evaluación -- Diseño de una actividad específica de evaluación -- El seguimiento a nivel local -- La interrelación entre seguimiento y actividades específicas de evaluación a nivel local -- Algunos instrumentos y técnicas para recoger información a nivel local

Las bibliotecas escolares juegan un papel muy importante en las comunidades, de estas depende las posibles y futuras influencias que se den relacionados con los aspectos económicos, sociales, políticos, culturales y psicológicos proyectados al bienestar comunal. A medida que el avance tecnológico y científico va acrecentándose igualmente la necesidad de poseer información y documentación crece. En Nicaragua, por medio del Ministerio de Educación se intenta implantar un plan nacional cooperativo para todas las bibliotecas que formarán parte del Sistema de Bibliotecas Escolares. ; The school libraries play a very important paper in the communities, on these it depends the possible and future influences that are met related by the economic, social, political, cultural and psychological aspects projected to the communal well-being. As the technological and scientific advance goes there being increased equally the need to possess information and documentation grows. In Nicaragua, by means of the Department of Education one tries to implant a national cooperative plan for all the libraries that will form a part of the System of School Libraries.

Differential Pedagogy is a discipline with a strong tradition in the curricula of our University, and the new trends after the Ley de Reforma Universitaria have favoured a reflection in depth into several of its aspects. This paper revises several of its relevant topics such as concept, characteristics, fields of its study, denomination and research methods. In spite of its limitations, the possibilities of its elaboration are now growing due mainly to three factors: the repeated evidence of the necesity of a differential education to achieve uniformity in the results, the progressive increase of the differential aspects registered not only scientifically but also socially and politically and the adjacent fields of knowledge which contribute to the construction of its own object. ; La Pedagogía diferencial es una disciplina con una fuerte tradición en los planes de estudio de nuestra Universidad, y las nuevas tendencias posteriores a la Ley de Reforma Universitaria han favorecido una reflexión en profundidad en varios de sus aspectos. Este documento revisa varios de sus temas relevantes tales como el concepto, las características, los campos de su estudio, la denominación y los métodos de investigación. A pesar de sus limitaciones, las posibilidades de su elaboración están creciendo debido principalmente a tres factores: la evidencia reiterada de la necesidad de una educación diferencial para lograr la uniformidad en los resultados, el aumento progresivo de los aspectos diferenciales registrados no solo científicamente sino también social y políticamente y los campos de conocimiento adyacentes que contribuyen a la construcción de su propio objeto.