The practice and composition of music require patronage and institutional support, and they require it in a different fashion from that found in other forms of art. This collection of essays brings together the most recent and important contributions by leading scholars in the field to this crucial aspect of Renaissance musical culture. The articles approach the topic from a number of perspectives and consider the institutions and individuals engaged in supporting music; the systems of employment, benefices and sponsorship put in place to facilitate the support; and where, how and why music was sung and played. Taken together, these articles enable conclusions to be drawn about the interests of patrons and about the social and artistic status of musicians and composers within the courtly and urban context. - Publisher
COVID-19 sent a wave of pandomania across Nigeria, like in every other country due to health risk that it come with, which was declared pandemic. However, its impact has been felt on all aspect of human endeavour; social economic and political. In Nigeria, the pandemic has affects security governance due to pivoted role assigned security agencies in the enforcement of restriction of movement and lockdown imposed by the federal government of Nigeria. The security agencies involved has not been limited to police but it include both military and paramilitary as the case may be. In the midst of continues spread of diseasesand multiplicity of security agencies, security governance became a serious issues. Through the government adopted a pragmatic approached, the result has been of mix blessing. It is in light of the above that the paper examines security, government in theCOVID-19 pandemic periodusing Nigeria as a case study.
Indonesia's ethics and political decency were torn apart in the case of the Democratic Party's internal conflict. This is due to the existence of an element of the government as a regulator who took over the position of the general chairman of the Democratic Party. News about this internal conflict appeared in various constructions by print mass media, electronic radio, television, and online media. The purpose of this study was to determine the social construction of Suara.com's coverage of the Extraordinary Congress (KLB) of the Democratic Party. For this reason, discourse theory and the social construction of reality are used. The research method analyzes text media framing model Zhongdang Pan-Gerald M. Kosicki. The research subject is the Suara.com news portal, while the research object is related to the Extraordinary Democratic Party Congress from March 5 to March 31, 2021. The research results from the syntactic structure, Suara.com journalists provide a portion, which does not feature one party and reports publicly about the Extraordinary Democratic Party Congress equally from both camps. The script written fully with 5W+1H from both sides is not directed and deserves to be read. Thematic structure, facts are written based on information from both parties. Some are sourced from written statements and analysts from political experts. The rhetorical system, the choice of words or style to emphasize the meaning from both sides, is balanced by the photos shown. Suara.com packaged and framed the news of the Extraordinary Democratic Party Congress by not highlighting the Moeldoko and Agus Harimurti Yudhoyono (AHY) camps but emphasizing the moral hazard aspect in political behavior. With this construction, Suara.com continues to voice the public interest rather than the interests of the capital owners or their political alliances.
The term "freedom of expression" is quite broad and holistic. It includes, within its ambit, not only the conventional freedom of speech and freedom of media, but also the freedom of thoughts, cultural expression, conscience, and intellectual inquiry. Freedom of expression ensures an individual's right to express his/her views openly within the domain of constitution, which also contains the right to be criticial of the prevailing injustices, illegal, anti-social activities, and incompetence and failure of ¬¬¬the government. All this is with a guarantee of safety and without any apprehension or fear of retaliation. Freedom of expression, in contemporary times, also embraces the right to be informed and seek information by the public, to express opinions, and advocate amendments, including changing the regime without resorting to violent means through peaceful measures available in the public domain, with reasonable restrictions. In the past decade and half, Turkish experience as a transitional democracy presents an interesting case study to explain as to how the state of freedom of expression is causally related to the failure of the EU-driven reform process undertaken by the ruling AKP (Turkish: Adaletve Kalkınma Partisi) since the year 2002, when the party won the Parliamentary elections in Turkey for the first time. The issue about the press freedom and freedom of expression in Turkey has for very long time, attracted a great amount of scholarly attention and provoked extensive debate both inside and outside Turkey. Although Turkey remains one of the rare democracy in the West Asia, a region with strong monarchic and semi-monarchic tradition of government, a series of development in the past years has raised several interrogations about the qualitative and quantitative aspects of democracy in Turkey under the AKP.
Article considers issues with regard to methodological features of the development of the form of governance in the context of constitutional stability. Author concludes that while speaking on the forms of governance we are often guided by fictional perceptions, which should be overcome and cannot base reforms concerning the mentioned issue. In the result of processes of legal convergence forms of governance borrowed from each other mechanisms non-characteristic to them and from this aspect in many cases their rapprochement can be noted. From the doctrinal viewpoint author considers classical forms of governance more acceptable. At the same time, she notes that the problems of our social system, solution of which is the main reason for continuous changes of the form of governance, will not be solved in conditions of new reforms implemented by the same logic. Hence, the axis of the problem of the further improvement of the model of governance in the Republic of Armenia should be transformed from the issue of making a choice between this or that form of governance, and the main attention should be focused on improving the mechanisms of separation and balance of powers, as well as forming and strengthening constitutional and political traditions and culture. ; Հոդվածում քննարկվում են կառավարման ձեւի զարգացման մեթոդաբանական առանձնահատկությունները սահմանադրական կայունության համատեքստում։ Հեղինակը եզրահանգում է, որ կառավարման ձեւերի առնչությամբ խոսելիս մեր հասարակական համակարգում հաճախ ենք առաջնորդվում միֆային պատկերացումներով, որպիսիք ունեն հաղթահարման անհրաժեշտություն եւ չեն կարող ընկած լինել նշված հարցին առնչվող բարեփոխումների հիմքում։ Նշվում է, որ ժամանակակից աշխարհում ընթացող կոնվերգենցիայի երեւույթների արդյունքում կառավարման մոդելները միմյանցից փոխառել են նախկինում իրենց ոչ բնորոշ մեխանիզմներ, և այդ առումով շատ դեպքերում նկատելի է վերջիններիս մերձեցում։ Դոկտրինալ տեսանկյունից հեղինակն առավել ընդունելի է համարում դասական կառավարման ձեւերը։ Միեւնույն ժամանակ, գտնում է, որ մեր հասարակական համակարգում առկա ...
