Suchergebnisse

The aim of this thesis is to present the analysis of stucco decor in Valavičius family chapel in Vilnius Cathedral, an object that has been studied only in a fragmentary way so far. The stucco decor of the chapel reflects the artistic tendencies of the first and second half of the 17th century, which is a rare case in the context of Vilnius Baroque architecture, considering that many objects were severely damaged when the city was occupied by Moscow military units in 1655. It can be reasonably assumed that the original decor scheme of the first half of the 17th century was at least partially preserved, and the ideas of the founder Eustachijus Valavičius were implemented in the decoration program. The Valavičiai chapel also served as a family mausoleum, so its decor themes are related not only to theological but also to social aspects: the perpetuation of memory, the representation of the individual and the family. The main idea of the chapel decor program reflects an eschatological narrative of salvation related to man's place in the world, his relationship with God, his values, the justice of his actions, and his existence after death.

The aim of this thesis is to present the analysis of stucco decor in Valavičius family chapel in Vilnius Cathedral, an object that has been studied only in a fragmentary way so far. The stucco decor of the chapel reflects the artistic tendencies of the first and second half of the 17th century, which is a rare case in the context of Vilnius Baroque architecture, considering that many objects were severely damaged when the city was occupied by Moscow military units in 1655. It can be reasonably assumed that the original decor scheme of the first half of the 17th century was at least partially preserved, and the ideas of the founder Eustachijus Valavičius were implemented in the decoration program. The Valavičiai chapel also served as a family mausoleum, so its decor themes are related not only to theological but also to social aspects: the perpetuation of memory, the representation of the individual and the family. The main idea of the chapel decor program reflects an eschatological narrative of salvation related to man's place in the world, his relationship with God, his values, the justice of his actions, and his existence after death.

The aim of this thesis is to present the analysis of stucco decor in Valavičius family chapel in Vilnius Cathedral, an object that has been studied only in a fragmentary way so far. The stucco decor of the chapel reflects the artistic tendencies of the first and second half of the 17th century, which is a rare case in the context of Vilnius Baroque architecture, considering that many objects were severely damaged when the city was occupied by Moscow military units in 1655. It can be reasonably assumed that the original decor scheme of the first half of the 17th century was at least partially preserved, and the ideas of the founder Eustachijus Valavičius were implemented in the decoration program. The Valavičiai chapel also served as a family mausoleum, so its decor themes are related not only to theological but also to social aspects: the perpetuation of memory, the representation of the individual and the family. The main idea of the chapel decor program reflects an eschatological narrative of salvation related to man's place in the world, his relationship with God, his values, the justice of his actions, and his existence after death.

Citizenship of the European Union, enshrined in the Maastricht Treaty and now governed by Article 20 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, is a fundamental status for citizens of all Member States, shaping their legal status and giving them social, economic and political rights to travel, work, study freely in the territory of the Union and the right to participate in political life. Such privileges are guaranteed to all citizens of EU Member States, as the possession of national citizenship per se confers a person citizenship of the Union and its legal content. As Member States have exclusive competence in the field of citizenship, the relationship and dependence between the EU and the Member States is an important criterion for deciding on the rights and privileges granted to EU citizens and their participation in the Union's internal market. Directive 2004/38/EC also has a significant impact on EU citizens' rights and their application, which is seen as a major political breakthrough in transposing all the rules formulated by the ECJ into EU secondary law and guaranteeing the right of economically inactive people to move freely. However, EU citizens are not the only category of people who can enjoy EU citizenship and the rights that come with it. Other persons, in particular third-country nationals who are family members of an EU citizen falling within the scope of Directive 2004/38/EC, persons falling outside the definition of a family member but favored by the ECJ in relation to the EU citizen, and the third-country nationals, who went through normal or discretionary naturalization process, may exercise their rights derived from EU citizen status or become EU citizens and enjoy all the legal content available to them. Therefore, the aim of this master's thesis is to analyze the legal content of EU citizenship and to reveal the broad treatment of Union citizenship status and the scope ratione personae of the rights it confers on EU citizens, their family members and third-country nationals.

Citizenship of the European Union, enshrined in the Maastricht Treaty and now governed by Article 20 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, is a fundamental status for citizens of all Member States, shaping their legal status and giving them social, economic and political rights to travel, work, study freely in the territory of the Union and the right to participate in political life. Such privileges are guaranteed to all citizens of EU Member States, as the possession of national citizenship per se confers a person citizenship of the Union and its legal content. As Member States have exclusive competence in the field of citizenship, the relationship and dependence between the EU and the Member States is an important criterion for deciding on the rights and privileges granted to EU citizens and their participation in the Union's internal market. Directive 2004/38/EC also has a significant impact on EU citizens' rights and their application, which is seen as a major political breakthrough in transposing all the rules formulated by the ECJ into EU secondary law and guaranteeing the right of economically inactive people to move freely. However, EU citizens are not the only category of people who can enjoy EU citizenship and the rights that come with it. Other persons, in particular third-country nationals who are family members of an EU citizen falling within the scope of Directive 2004/38/EC, persons falling outside the definition of a family member but favored by the ECJ in relation to the EU citizen, and the third-country nationals, who went through normal or discretionary naturalization process, may exercise their rights derived from EU citizen status or become EU citizens and enjoy all the legal content available to them. Therefore, the aim of this master's thesis is to analyze the legal content of EU citizenship and to reveal the broad treatment of Union citizenship status and the scope ratione personae of the rights it confers on EU citizens, their family members and third-country nationals.

Citizenship of the European Union, enshrined in the Maastricht Treaty and now governed by Article 20 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, is a fundamental status for citizens of all Member States, shaping their legal status and giving them social, economic and political rights to travel, work, study freely in the territory of the Union and the right to participate in political life. Such privileges are guaranteed to all citizens of EU Member States, as the possession of national citizenship per se confers a person citizenship of the Union and its legal content. As Member States have exclusive competence in the field of citizenship, the relationship and dependence between the EU and the Member States is an important criterion for deciding on the rights and privileges granted to EU citizens and their participation in the Union's internal market. Directive 2004/38/EC also has a significant impact on EU citizens' rights and their application, which is seen as a major political breakthrough in transposing all the rules formulated by the ECJ into EU secondary law and guaranteeing the right of economically inactive people to move freely. However, EU citizens are not the only category of people who can enjoy EU citizenship and the rights that come with it. Other persons, in particular third-country nationals who are family members of an EU citizen falling within the scope of Directive 2004/38/EC, persons falling outside the definition of a family member but favored by the ECJ in relation to the EU citizen, and the third-country nationals, who went through normal or discretionary naturalization process, may exercise their rights derived from EU citizen status or become EU citizens and enjoy all the legal content available to them. Therefore, the aim of this master's thesis is to analyze the legal content of EU citizenship and to reveal the broad treatment of Union citizenship status and the scope ratione personae of the rights it confers on EU citizens, their family members and third-country nationals.

Citizenship of the European Union, enshrined in the Maastricht Treaty and now governed by Article 20 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, is a fundamental status for citizens of all Member States, shaping their legal status and giving them social, economic and political rights to travel, work, study freely in the territory of the Union and the right to participate in political life. Such privileges are guaranteed to all citizens of EU Member States, as the possession of national citizenship per se confers a person citizenship of the Union and its legal content. As Member States have exclusive competence in the field of citizenship, the relationship and dependence between the EU and the Member States is an important criterion for deciding on the rights and privileges granted to EU citizens and their participation in the Union's internal market. Directive 2004/38/EC also has a significant impact on EU citizens' rights and their application, which is seen as a major political breakthrough in transposing all the rules formulated by the ECJ into EU secondary law and guaranteeing the right of economically inactive people to move freely. However, EU citizens are not the only category of people who can enjoy EU citizenship and the rights that come with it. Other persons, in particular third-country nationals who are family members of an EU citizen falling within the scope of Directive 2004/38/EC, persons falling outside the definition of a family member but favored by the ECJ in relation to the EU citizen, and the third-country nationals, who went through normal or discretionary naturalization process, may exercise their rights derived from EU citizen status or become EU citizens and enjoy all the legal content available to them. Therefore, the aim of this master's thesis is to analyze the legal content of EU citizenship and to reveal the broad treatment of Union citizenship status and the scope ratione personae of the rights it confers on EU citizens, their family members and third-country nationals.

The master thesis reveals the analysis of defamation in social media platforms. It aims to determine what legal problems arise or might arise when protecting a harmed reputation in social media platforms. First, the concept and definition of defamation followed by the concept of social media are described. Further in the analysis, the main factors to ensure the proper balance between the freedom of expression and the persons' right to reputation in social media are taken into consideration. Furthermore, the peculiarities of defamation in social media are reviewed. The thesis analyses aspects that are unclear and most of the time not provided in the Lithuanian legal framework, such as, the legal status of social media accounts holders, opinion and statement classification, "share" and other specific information legal evaluation (eg. "like" concept) in the light of legal doctrine, the case-law of European Court of Human Rights and courts of foreign countries. Moreover, the thesis provides complicated aspects of an individual who shall be responsible for creating defamatory content on social media with a particular focus on anonymous content and possible solutions to certain problems. In the final part of the master thesis, the remedies that shall be invoked in the event of defamation in social media are revised according to the evaluation of the case-law of the Court of Justice of the European Union.

The master thesis reveals the analysis of defamation in social media platforms. It aims to determine what legal problems arise or might arise when protecting a harmed reputation in social media platforms. First, the concept and definition of defamation followed by the concept of social media are described. Further in the analysis, the main factors to ensure the proper balance between the freedom of expression and the persons' right to reputation in social media are taken into consideration. Furthermore, the peculiarities of defamation in social media are reviewed. The thesis analyses aspects that are unclear and most of the time not provided in the Lithuanian legal framework, such as, the legal status of social media accounts holders, opinion and statement classification, "share" and other specific information legal evaluation (eg. "like" concept) in the light of legal doctrine, the case-law of European Court of Human Rights and courts of foreign countries. Moreover, the thesis provides complicated aspects of an individual who shall be responsible for creating defamatory content on social media with a particular focus on anonymous content and possible solutions to certain problems. In the final part of the master thesis, the remedies that shall be invoked in the event of defamation in social media are revised according to the evaluation of the case-law of the Court of Justice of the European Union.

The master thesis reveals the analysis of defamation in social media platforms. It aims to determine what legal problems arise or might arise when protecting a harmed reputation in social media platforms. First, the concept and definition of defamation followed by the concept of social media are described. Further in the analysis, the main factors to ensure the proper balance between the freedom of expression and the persons' right to reputation in social media are taken into consideration. Furthermore, the peculiarities of defamation in social media are reviewed. The thesis analyses aspects that are unclear and most of the time not provided in the Lithuanian legal framework, such as, the legal status of social media accounts holders, opinion and statement classification, "share" and other specific information legal evaluation (eg. "like" concept) in the light of legal doctrine, the case-law of European Court of Human Rights and courts of foreign countries. Moreover, the thesis provides complicated aspects of an individual who shall be responsible for creating defamatory content on social media with a particular focus on anonymous content and possible solutions to certain problems. In the final part of the master thesis, the remedies that shall be invoked in the event of defamation in social media are revised according to the evaluation of the case-law of the Court of Justice of the European Union.

The master thesis reveals the analysis of defamation in social media platforms. It aims to determine what legal problems arise or might arise when protecting a harmed reputation in social media platforms. First, the concept and definition of defamation followed by the concept of social media are described. Further in the analysis, the main factors to ensure the proper balance between the freedom of expression and the persons' right to reputation in social media are taken into consideration. Furthermore, the peculiarities of defamation in social media are reviewed. The thesis analyses aspects that are unclear and most of the time not provided in the Lithuanian legal framework, such as, the legal status of social media accounts holders, opinion and statement classification, "share" and other specific information legal evaluation (eg. "like" concept) in the light of legal doctrine, the case-law of European Court of Human Rights and courts of foreign countries. Moreover, the thesis provides complicated aspects of an individual who shall be responsible for creating defamatory content on social media with a particular focus on anonymous content and possible solutions to certain problems. In the final part of the master thesis, the remedies that shall be invoked in the event of defamation in social media are revised according to the evaluation of the case-law of the Court of Justice of the European Union.

Problematic Aspects of Ensuring the Independence and Impartiality of Judges in Civil Proceedings The independence and impartiality of the judge in civil proceedings is a very important principle for ensuring a fair and just trial. For this reason, this principle is widely analyzed not only in national legislation but also in international legal sources. However, in order for this principle to be properly implemented, it is important to realize that the concept of independence must not be narrowly understood and that judges must make decisions without the pressure of the public. Whereas independence and impartiality cannot be isolated but are closely linked, it is important that the concept of impartiality should be given the same value by law as independence. In order to identify possible problems with the enforcement of this principle, it is important to examine the statutory guarantees of the duration of the mandate, the immunity of the person and the social (material) guarantees of judges. The practice of Lithuanian and foreign countries still presents certain problems in establishing or changing the guarantees provided by the law of judges. If such safeguards are not sufficient or give other persons the right to influence the judge, urgent action must be taken to change such regulation. In addition, the rapid development of modern technology raises questions about the judge's use of social networks. No binding or non-binding instruments have been adopted in Lithuania in this regard. It is important to consider not only the judge's use of social networks, but also the possibility of communication with lawyers through social networks and the possibility of disqualify a judge in such a case.

Problematic Aspects of Ensuring the Independence and Impartiality of Judges in Civil Proceedings The independence and impartiality of the judge in civil proceedings is a very important principle for ensuring a fair and just trial. For this reason, this principle is widely analyzed not only in national legislation but also in international legal sources. However, in order for this principle to be properly implemented, it is important to realize that the concept of independence must not be narrowly understood and that judges must make decisions without the pressure of the public. Whereas independence and impartiality cannot be isolated but are closely linked, it is important that the concept of impartiality should be given the same value by law as independence. In order to identify possible problems with the enforcement of this principle, it is important to examine the statutory guarantees of the duration of the mandate, the immunity of the person and the social (material) guarantees of judges. The practice of Lithuanian and foreign countries still presents certain problems in establishing or changing the guarantees provided by the law of judges. If such safeguards are not sufficient or give other persons the right to influence the judge, urgent action must be taken to change such regulation. In addition, the rapid development of modern technology raises questions about the judge's use of social networks. No binding or non-binding instruments have been adopted in Lithuania in this regard. It is important to consider not only the judge's use of social networks, but also the possibility of communication with lawyers through social networks and the possibility of disqualify a judge in such a case.

Problematic Aspects of Ensuring the Independence and Impartiality of Judges in Civil Proceedings The independence and impartiality of the judge in civil proceedings is a very important principle for ensuring a fair and just trial. For this reason, this principle is widely analyzed not only in national legislation but also in international legal sources. However, in order for this principle to be properly implemented, it is important to realize that the concept of independence must not be narrowly understood and that judges must make decisions without the pressure of the public. Whereas independence and impartiality cannot be isolated but are closely linked, it is important that the concept of impartiality should be given the same value by law as independence. In order to identify possible problems with the enforcement of this principle, it is important to examine the statutory guarantees of the duration of the mandate, the immunity of the person and the social (material) guarantees of judges. The practice of Lithuanian and foreign countries still presents certain problems in establishing or changing the guarantees provided by the law of judges. If such safeguards are not sufficient or give other persons the right to influence the judge, urgent action must be taken to change such regulation. In addition, the rapid development of modern technology raises questions about the judge's use of social networks. No binding or non-binding instruments have been adopted in Lithuania in this regard. It is important to consider not only the judge's use of social networks, but also the possibility of communication with lawyers through social networks and the possibility of disqualify a judge in such a case.