Suchergebnisse

This paper analyzes the features of formation of the deputy corps of the representative bodies in Tatarstan with an emphasis on gender. In the focus of the study were the election campaign of the President of Tatarstan and the federal, regional and local elections. The conclusion is made about a not enough developed gender-sensitive policy in the republic.
Оксана Красильникова; Красильникова, Оксана

The paper presents an experience of research of a complex identity as identificationof a conflict between civil European and religious Islamic cultures. Social identity isa person's representation of himself/herself in social structures of different scales:national, ethnic, and religious. It is proved that religious identification forms social,as well as personal identity of a Muslim.The authors consider the development of Islamic personal identity in the processof self-identifying reflection and intragroup and extragroup relations in the religiouscommunity. The parameters of identity are defined by: a) individual interpretation ofIslam by the religious person, b) interpretation of Islam in the religious community,c) relations between the religious person, community and other social groups.The concept of a complex social identity (S. Roccas, M. Brewer) was a theoreticalconstruct used for determining the compatibility of civil and religious identity andevaluating its complexity. The study involved Muslims with different levels of Islamicpersonal identity: missing, determined, found and acquired.The study established the tendency of the reduction in the level of civil socialidentity under the influence of the religious identity of people who identified themselveswith Islam. The problem of their social identity was studied in metaphors of conflictand balance from the European social and psychological practice. The metaphor ofconflict is based on the impossibility of acculturation of the Islamic communities andpredicts the development of destructive relations between the religious people, theirreligious communities, and other social groups. The metaphor of balance presupposesthe collapse of Islamic personal identity as a result of the reduction of radicalism inthe religious communities and encouragement of individualization of Muslims bymeans of political, social, and cultural recognition in the society. ; Данная статья представляет опыт исследования сложной социальной идентичности как индикатора конфликта между европейской светской и исламской религиозной культурами. Социальная идентичность рассматривается как репрезентация себя человеком в социальных структурах различных масштабов: национальных, этнических, религиозных. Однако показано, что религиозная идентификация формирует не только социальную, но и личностную идентичность мусульманина. Развитие исламской личностной идентичности рассматривается в процессах самоидентифицирующей рефлексии, внутригрупповых и внешнегрупповых отношений в религиозной общине. Параметры идентичности определяются: а)индивидуальной интерпретацией ислама верующим; б)интерпретацией ислама в религиозной общине; в)отношениями между верующим, общиной, а также другими социальными группами. Концепция сложной социальной идентичности (S.Roccas,M.Brewer) применяется в качестве теоретического конструкта для определения совместимости гражданской и религиозной идентичностей, оценки степени ее сложности. Исследование проводится на выборке мусульман с различным уровнем исламской личностной идентичности: отсутствующим, предопределенным, найденным и обретенным. В результате определена тенденция снижения уровня гражданской социальной идентичности, под влиянием религиозной, у людей, личностно идентифицировавшихся с исламом. Проблема построения их социальной идентичности рассмотрена в метафорах конфликта и баланса, эксплицированных из европейской социально-психологической практики. Конфликтная метафора построена на невозможности аккультурации исламских общин и прогнозирует развитие деструктивных отношений между верующими, их религиозными общинами и другими социальными группами. Метафора баланса предполагает распад исламской личностной идентичности вследствие снижения радикализации общин верующих, поощрения индивидуализации мусульман путем политического, социально-культурного признания в обществе.

The development of society in the context of globalization determines the need to search for the possibility of combining the universalization and localization of geoculture. These processes of globalization have an impact on the content and forms of transformation of the Eurasian geocultural space. The problem field of research is connected with the objective need to analyze the evolution of geoculture, to understand geoculture as a system characterizing the relations of general civilization universals and local specifics. The application of the civilizational approach makes it possible to identify trends in the socio-cultural development of local communities in the geocultural space, to solve the problems of coherence of locality and globality. Local communities are in a transitional stage of their development due to industrial, economic, institutional and socio-cultural processes, changes and the introduction of unusual patterns of life attitudes. It is shown that local communities in the process of transformation unite into a specific socio-territorial location. On the one hand, in their development, local communities are subject to the general laws of transformation in the context of global and regional restructuring. On the other hand, models of socio-cultural behavior are formed depending on the resources and technologies available to the community, expressed in an attempt to preserve the traditional way of life.

Assimilation of local cultures is accompanied by polarization of geocultural space, which contributes to the development of isolation and diversification of sociocultures. Geocultural processes influence the transformation of value-normative attitudes, contribute to the growth of social stratification, and increase social inequality. The socio-cultural tradition on which the life of local communities is built legitimizes the primacy of the community over the individual. Closed society, resists modernization processes. In geoculture, consensus about the foundations of life and the goals of the community is disappearing. The development of a multicultural world exacerbates the problem of understanding and preserving the socio-cultural identity of local communities. The study of the emerging geocultural models of the development of local communities determines the possibilities of theoretical substantiation of alternative scenarios for modeling the transformation of socio-cultural identity.

В рамках исследования анализируются социокультурные аспекты американского варианта английского языка. Автор идентифицирует и анализирует влияние социальных факторов на этот язык. В исследовании использованы исторически-сравнительный, исторически-описательный методы исследования лингвистики. Дается подробная картина развития и формирования американского английского языка.

The article presents an analysis of scientific performance of research and development organizations, which was conducted on the basis of a Database containing information about the performance of scientific organizations that perform research, development and technological work for civil purposes. The results of the analysis of performance indicators of scientific activities of organizations based on data for 2018 in research areas, in particular, the indicators of WoS publications, as well as the results of intellectual activity created and used by organizations, are presented.

В статье рассматриваются комплексы когнитивных установок, лежащие в основе языкового мышления и выступающие в форме культурных кодов. Такие комплексы в своей совокупности образуют когнитивный субстрат языкового мышления, который имеет этнокультурную и этноязыковую специфику в рамках лингвокультур. Методы исследования: анализ, сравнение, описательный метод, межъязыковое сопоставление меркантилистского и милитарного культурных кодов на материале английской и русской лингвокультур. Результаты исследования. Отмечается, что когнитивный субстрат языкового мышления народа выполняет функцию моделирования реальности, выступая как совокупность культурных кодов. Показано, что коды, применяемые субъектом в его языковом мышлении, делятся на внутренние и внешние. Внутренние коды духовно близки данному субъекту; на них он формирует мысли, а на внешних кодах он только вербально формулирует их, переводит с внутреннего на внешний код. В число внутренних кодов можно включить и тот культурный код, который более всего близок субъекту из-за его сословной, профессиональной и иной принадлежности. Делается вывод о том, что субъект смотрит на весь окружающий мир сквозь призму наиболее привычной ему сферы бытия, делая ее моделью мира и культурным кодом. ; The article is devoted to a description of cognitive attitude complexes that underlie linguistic thinking and function in the form of cultural codes. Such complexes form a cognitive substrate of linguistic thinking. It has ethnocultural and ethnolinguistic specificity. Research methods: analysis, comparison, descriptive method, interlinguistic comparison of mercantilist and military cultural codes on the basis of English and Russian linguocultural materials. Research results. It is outlined that the cognitive substrate of the linguistic thinking performs the function of modelling reality, acting as a complex of cultural codes. It is shown that the codes used by a person in his / her linguistic thinking are divided into internal and external ones. Internal codes are spiritually close to their user; he / she forms thoughts in them, and as for external codes, he / she only verbally formulates thoughts, translates them from internal to external code. Among the internal codes, there is a cultural code that is closest to the person because of his / her state, occupation, etc. It is concluded that the person views the surrounding world through the prism of the most familiar sphere of life, making it a model of the world and a cultural code.

The concept of "youth" or "youth" is a special concept inherent in any society and covering certain demographic periods. Although modern researchers do not deny that young people are active in all spheres and industries in the new century, which is the information society, they note that the current development creates certain social, political, economic, legal and, of course, spiritual problems.

The aim of this study is to identify problems and identify options to improve
current approaches to securing financial resources of innovation activities of enterprises.
The study used the methods of systematic and comparative analysis.
According to the results of the study proposed a scheme of funding sources and
forms of innovation in enterprises. The novelty of the scheme is presented in a comprehensive approach, which shows the sources of funding for innovation activities by
type of property ownership levels, relative to the property, as well as forms of financing innovative enterprises. In addition, on the basis of the study authors proposed an
algorithm of financing innovative enterprises, based on debt issuance. The developed
algorithm allows the use of innovative financing in the process of the most important
sources of funds from various fields and thus solve the problem of resource support
for innovation. The novelty of this algorithm is a sequential process involving the investment of various categories of potential investors for the financing of innovative
companies in the Russian Federation. The proposed financial instruments aimed at
stimulating innovation in enterprises.

The article identifies and comments on the principles of communication adopted in professional Internet communities. The study was carried out on the material of Facebook social network groups created to discuss the problems of higher education and teaching the Russian language.
The theoretical foundations of the research are works devoted to Internet communication and professional communication; the most significant are theses on communicative norms, the meaning of their observance and the causes of violations. The relevance of the author's approach is determined by the inclusion of research in the communicative paradigm.
The purpose of the article is to identify the features of the communicative codes of professional Internet communities. To achieve this goal, the authors, using the methods of discursive, semantic and contextual analysis, investigated the descriptions and rules of the selected professional groups, finding: (1) lexico-grammatical and stylistic features of texts; (2) communicative norms and taboos, explicated in texts; (3) correlation of these norms with universal communicative principles of cooperation and politeness and their individual maxims.
The novelty of the approach is provided by the chosen object: scientific and pedagogical Internet communities have not previously received a comprehensive description. The results achieved during the study allowed us to formulate significant conclusions: (1) at the new stage of research in the field of Internet communication, a differentiating approach is needed to detect the specifics of various platforms; (2) research on professional communication should be supplemented by observations of the open communicative space that is being formed in social networks; (3) Internet communities demonstrate the processes of communicative normogenesis, self-organization and self-regulation of the communicative space; (4) the language design of communicative codes is not regulated and gives authors (community administrators) freedom of action; 5) codes of professional Internet communities go back to the principles of cooperation and politeness, while most of the maxims are not explicated and constitute a normative communicative background, others (for example, maxims of relevance, tact and sympathy) are specifically stipulated.

Health is the highest value, which was further confirmed by the events related to the spread of coronavirus infection, which destabilized all social processes. This article discusses scientific approaches that explain the specifics of the formation of gender-specific attitudes to health. In this article, an attempt is made to analyze the gender characteristics of the attitude to health in relation to the regional attempt. The significance of the study of the practices of health-saving behavior of men and women in conditions of increased epidemiological load is determined. The analysis carried out in the article is based on the results of a sociological study conducted in April–May 2021 among the population of the Kursk and Belgorod regions. The sample size was 657 people. Based on the results obtained, regional peculiarities of behavior in the field of health of residents of Kursk and Belgorod are identified.

The purpose of the research is to identify the features of demographic aging in terms of gender problems in modern Russia. The most significant demographic transformation of the current century is the process of population aging. It is established that the distinctive characteristics of the demographic dynamics in our country are: changing age structure of the population against the background of low fertility connected with the second stage of depopulation in Russia; a significant lagging behind not only economically developed but also several developing countries in life expectancy for both women and men; prevailing demographic asymmetry by gender; low indicators of healthy life expectancy, which are calculated without taking into account the gender component; burden of age-related diseases accumulated by the age of 65. It is shown that in Russia the number of elderly and old women exceeds the number of their male coevals by more than 15 million. Social, technological, and demographic transformations impact the dynamics of social roles. The most important change is the growth of women in paid work throughout the world, including in Russia. And women of retirement age have a high risk of social isolation. For many Russian pensioners with low per capita income and no savings the main strategy is that of survival. So now the most topical problem is changing the stereotype of women's old age, associated with such concepts as lack of development, untidy appearance of a person without gender and desires that causes physical rejection.

This article presents the theoretical aspects of the development of international trade in services in the context of digital transformations. Shown the role of e-commerce at the present time and the main problems of its development in Russia.

In this article, the anthropological idea of culture as a complex of technologies used by different social groups is operationalized for the analysis of modern Russian society. The author shows that the difference between the technologies available to various social groups engenders sociocultural divide in society, including the political sphere.Key words: Russian society, culture, technology, culture shock, cultural divide ; В статье идея культуры рассматривается как исследовательский инструмент, позволяющий изучать современное российское общество. В соответствии с антропологической традицией культура отождествляется с суммой технологий, освоенных и применяемых различными социальными группами. Автор показывает, что качественные различия между технологиями провоцируют социокультурный раскол в обществе, проявляющийся в том числе и на политическом уровне.Ключевые слова: российское общество, культура, технологии, культурный шок, культурные разрывы.

The processes of the development of a market economy, entailing the commercialization in all spheres of social life, raise the question of the correlation between the role of human beings as economic subjects and our role as moral beings. In economics, this this issue is associated with the discussion about the way norms pervade economic theory, expressed in the dichotomy between holistic and individualistic methods. The scope of the influence of governmental bodies and large corporate structures on the socio-economic, cultural and natural environment highlights the philosophical problem of applying moral criteria to collective economic actors, which is reflected in the concept of corporate social responsibility (CSR). The author, in this paper, opines that the question of introducing ethical principles into economic practice cannot be entirely resolved within the framework of economic theory and requires an appeal to moral philosophy. The problem of the correlation between the economic and the moral spheres is considered on the basis of V.S. Solovyov's work "The Justification of the Good". The principal economic ideas stated in this work are discussed in the context of assessments by past and present researchers, of economic history, and of philosophical and economic-managerial conceptions. The author presents a comparative analysis of V.S. Solovyov's ideas about the correlation between economics and morality and the principal ideas behind corporate social responsibility. The author reveals axiological and teleological differences between the two conceptions. Whereas V.S. Solovyov deals with moral and religious categories and notions of progress, the concept of corporate social responsibility is based on economic and legal priorities and is focused on sustainable development. At the same time, the similarities identified between the concepts (such as their complex nature, the acknowledgement of the role of moral principles of the economic participants, the importance of environmental issues and legal regulators) lead us to conclude about the possibility of their further convergence and the surmounting of the limitations of corporate social responsibility based on the teachings of V.S. Solovyov.

The article is devoted to the linguo-cognitive study of climatic metaphor in contemporary German political discourse. Discursive studying of metaphor as one of the leading mechanisms of ideological and manipulative influence is the priority for modern political linguistics. The extra- and intra-linguistic principles of the political discourse are considered in general. Political text is studied as a unit of the language system and as a unit of communication and speech. The segment of metaphor system relevant to the political discourse of modern German composed of German metaphorical units from the source domain "Climate" is studied. The principles of modelling of cognitive structures in this segment are worked out. The lexical-semantic and functional characteristics of the secondary lexemes used in the description of the socio-political, social and economic processes, phenomena and realities in Germany and the European Union are studied. The author concludes that the climate metaphor system when projected in the politic realm is organised in three functional-semantic groups with key features: 1) a general notion of climate; 2) idea of the atmosphere where the weather emerges and the climate forms; 3) the processes of studying and measuring of various meteorological parameters. It is proposed to distinguish the national (being in common usage) units and units active in discourse, including creative ones that are in constant language and speech interaction ; Статья посвящена лингвокогнитивному изучению климатической метафоры в современном немецком политическом дискурсе. Дискурсивное исследование метафоры как одного из ведущих механизмов идеологического и манипулятивного воздействия приоритетно для современной политической лингвистики. Обзорно рассматриваются экстра- и интралингвистические принципы функционирования политического дискурса. Политический текст изучается как единица языковой системы и как коммуникативно-речевая единица. Исследуется сегмент актуальной для политического дискурса современной ФРГ метафорической системы, составленный немецкоязычными метафорическими единицами из понятийной сферы-источника «Климат». Разработаны принципы моделирования когнитивных структур данного сегмента. Изучаются лексико-семантические и функциональные свойства вторичных лексем, используемых при описании общественно-политических, социальных и экономических процессов, явлений и реалий в Германии и Евросоюзе. Автор приходит к выводу, что климатическая метафорика при проекции в область политики организуется тремя функционально-семантическими группами с ключевыми признаками: 1) общее понятие климата; 2) представления об атмосфере, где зарождаются погода и формируется климат; 3) процессы исследования и измерения различных метеорологических параметров. Предлагается разграничивать национально-обусловленные (узуальные) и дискурсивно-активные, в том числе креативные, единицы, которые находятся в постоянном языковом и речевом взаимодействии