Security is one of the most basic needs of a society. The concept of security in general means protection from all kinds of dangers and accidents. On the other hand, the concept of security is broken down into more specific, clearer and more understandable components. The issue of security has been a subject to be examined by many sciences, especially sociology. Security, as a subject of study, in sociology has many different definitions, dimensions and elements. The sociology of security is still very young. Due to the lack of scientific wealth on this subject, some believe that security can be the subject of political sociology or the sociology of war. In sociological discussions, security is a subject to be examined at the level of society, in the relations between people (in the context of political and social relations). In this respect, security is based on social factors. Therefore, in this study, we will try to answer questions like "What is Security Sociology" and "What elements is it based on?".
It has been said «nutrition is at the center of those processes by which a human group shows its identity and the otherness of those this otherness differentiates them from». This concept is of particular relevance with reference to the presence of Islam on European soil, and, more specifically, in Spain. The possibility of observing the dietary rules laid down by Islamic law becomes an important factor which shows the level of integration of the Islamic communities within the context of the socalled «transplanted Islam», that is, Islam as installed in Europe, principally due to migration. The problems begin when members of these communities pose demands such as, for example, the existence of menus without substances which are forbidden by their religion, in certain institutions whose work regime is designed following uniform parameters (schools, hospitals, penitentiaries, etc.). And we must not forget that the pretention to slaughter animals whose flesh can be eaten by Muslims may be in conflict with Spanish Health Legislation. These are just two of the questions dealt with in this article, which also analyses the way they are regulated in Article 14 of the 1992 Cooperation Agreement with the Spanish Islam Commission, the observance of which is also evaluated in the light of field work carried out over the last few years. ; Se ha dicho que «la alimentación está en el centro de los procesos por los cuales un grupo humano marca su identidad y la alteridad de aquellos a los que esta alteridad les distingue». Esta idea cobra especial relevancia si nos referimos a la presencia del Islam en suelo europeo, y, más concretamente, en España. La posibilidad de observar las prescripciones alimenticias que la ley islámica establece se convierte en un importante factor que marca el grado de integración de las comunidades musulmanas en el contexto de lo que se conoce como el «Islam trasplantado», es decir, aquel que se instala en Europa por mor, fundamentalmente, de los movimientos migratorios. Los problemas comienzan cuando los miembros de dichas comunidades plantean peticiones como, por ejemplo, la existencia de menús que no contengan sustancias prohibidas por su religión, en determinadas instituciones cuyo régimen de funcionamiento está diseñado según parámetros de uniformidad (colegios, hospitales, establecimientos penitenciarios, etc.). Sin olvidar que la pretensión de sacrificar los animales cuya carne sí puede consumir un musulmán puede plantear un conflicto con la normativa sanitaria española. Estas y otras cuestiones son abordadas en este artículo, analizando además el modo en que son reguladas en el artículo 14 del Acuerdo de cooperación de 1992 con la Comisión Islámica de España, cuyo grado de cumplimiento también es evaluado a la luz del trabajo de campo desarrollado en los últimos años.
In this paper, we report some aspects of the process of the introduction of color to the Colombian television network. Our analytical approach is to see lineal comprehensions, typical of progressive histories of technological change, as problematic. Consequently, we try to take into account heterogeneous arrays of the historical, social, economical, cultural, technical and political circumstances involved in the process. This approach allows us to explain the technological alternatives that were considered and the technical and institutional pathways that were effectively implemented. The historical review suggests that an oversimplified comprehension of socio-technical change gives rise to a low capacity to guide it with respect to more ambitious social goals. ; En el artículo narramos aspectos del proceso de introducción del color en la red colombiana de televisión. Nuestro objetivo analítico consiste en problematizar la comprensión lineal característica de las narraciones históricas progresivas del cambio socio-técnico, mostrando una red heterogénea de circunstancias históricas, sociales, económicas, culturales, técnicas y políticas involucradas en el proceso, las cuales permiten explicar las alternativas tecnológicas consideradas y las trayectorias técnicas e institucionales resultantes. Las conclusiones de la revisión histórica sugieren que una comprensión sobresimplificada del cambio socio-técnico redunda en una baja capacidad para orientarlo de acuerdo con metas sociales ambiciosas.
Danışman: DR. ÖĞR. ÜYESİ ALİHAN LİMONCUOĞLU Yer Bilgisi: İstanbul Gelişim Üniversitesi / Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü / Siyaset Bilimi ve Uluslararası İlişkiler Anabilim Dalı / Güvenlik Araştırmaları Bilim Dalı Konu: Uluslararası İlişkiler = International Relations ; PKK terör örgütünün, 1984-2018 yılları arasında Türkiye'de örgütsel yapılar oluşturarak cebir ve şiddet yoluyla terör eylemleri uyguladığı ve halen devam ettirdiği görülmektedir. PKK terör örgütünün ortaya çıkması ile eylemlerine başlaması dış ülkelerle ilişkilerin çok farklı düzeyde olup desteklerini aldığı görülmüştür. Toplumda terörün şiddet ve korku yaymasıyla birlikte tehdit eden bir yapıyla da karşımıza çıktığı görülmüştür. Bu oluşumun karşısında güvenlik güçleri terörizmle mücadelede etkili ve başarılı olup, birçok şehit vermiştir. Ayrıca terörle mücadelenin sadece askeri ve kolluk güçleriyle değil, toplumun her kesimiyle ortak hareket etme bilincine de sahip olması gerektiği görülmüştür. Terör ve terörizmle mücadelenin askeri, siyasi, kültürel, ekonomik, uluslararası diplomasi ve işbirliği ile sosyal olarak ele alınması önem arz etmektedir. Bu tez çalışmasının amacı, ilk bölümde terör, terör örgütü ve terörizmin anlaşılması konusu incelenmiştir. İkinci bölümde, PKK terör örgütü teşkilatının kurulmasının ardından dış bağlantılarla ilişkisi ve örgüt elebaşı kurucu üyesi Abdullah Öcalan'ın getirilmesi incelenmiştir. Son bölümde ise, terörün Türkiye'ye medya ve basın yayın yoluyla ülkemize sosyolojik ve psikolojik yönden etkilerinin yansıması analiz edilmiştir. Yapılan çalışma sonucunda, Terör örgütü eylemlerinin psikolojik savaş olarak topluma yansıması acıları da beraberinde getirmiş, sosyal problemler ve psikolojik problemler toplumu olumsuz yönde etkilediği görülmüştür. ; PKK terrorist organization has set up organizations in Turkey between 1984 and 2018. Violent terror attacks still continue today. PKK has managed gain support from foreign actors depending on its ability to form international bonds. It is obvious that society felt threatened by the actions of the terrorist group which used violence and intimidation as a tool. Security forces have fought a succesful battle against thi organization however has suffered many casualties. Moreover, fight against terror should not only be through the work of security forces but with the conciousness to act in unison with every layer of the society. It is important to take into consideration: military, political, cultural, economics, international diplomacy and social factor when dealing with terrorism. The aim of this work and explainining what terrorism is looked at in the first part of this work. In the second part, PKK's relationship with international actors and how Abdullah Ocalan, the leader of PKK, was brought to Turkey was examined. In the last part, terror's psychological and sociological effect on Turkey through media was looked at. In this study, it has been seen that the acts of terrorist organization as a psychological war have brought the pain to the society and social problems and psychological problems negatively affect the society.
ABSTRACT The paper deals with the relevant problems of religion in the Kazakhstan society and social components of the national unity in the historical prerequisites. The authors have studied the Alash intelligentsia, particularly, their influence on the formation of the public opinion regarding the acute religious problems. The authors have also considered the problem of the religious fanaticism in the context of the state's choice of the way for the secular way of development. They have concluded that the government having based on the secular and democratic principles, adopted various measures to solve the religious disagreements in the country.RESUMEN El documento aborda los problemas relevantes de la religión en la sociedad de Kazajstán y los componentes sociales de la unidad nacional en los requisitos históricos. Los autores han estudiado la intelectualidad Alash, en particular, su influencia en la formación de la opinión pública sobre los problemas religiosos agudos. Los autores también han considerado el problema del fanatismo religioso en el contexto de la elección del estado como el camino para el desarrollo secular. Han llegado a la conclusión de que el gobierno, basándose en los principios seculares y democráticos, adoptó diversas medidas para resolver los desacuerdos religiosos en el país.
Many European governments, including Norway, have ambitious educational policies regarding digitalisation. Many businesses and policymakers pay great attention to the use of digital technologies in education in order to meet the future demands for a competent and qualified workforce. Among researchers and policymakers, there is a general consensus that the professional teacher is a key figure for the successful implementation of digital technologies in schools. Many expectations have been placed upon professional teachers regarding the implementation and use of digital technologies. The professional teacher is, to a certain degree, supposed to independently decide how digital technologies should be used in the classroom. This paper discusses what the concept of a 'professional digitally competent teacher' may mean in the context of schools. It also argues the need for a greater understanding of professional digital competence, one which takes into consideration various social and cultural aspects with regard to technology, schools and the teaching profession. In unpacking the social and cultural conditions for implementing technology in a professional teaching context, I will draw on concepts from the constructivist understanding of technology, namely, the 'domestication of technology'.
The article considers the essence of the concept of "social entrepreneurship" taking into account the approaches of national and foreign researchers, reflects the retrospective of this concept. In order to study the institutional and methodological aspects of government support of social entrepreneurship in Russia, the approaches to the analysis of the concept of social entrepreneurship are studied. The characteristics of the main participants of the institute of social entrepreneurship are given, also the priorities of state policy in the field of socially-oriented non-profit organizations and legal regulation of this sphere are considered. In the course of the analysis of the legal framework of regulation of social entrepreneurship in Russia, the expediency of fixing the concept of "social entrepreneurship" at the legislative level and the mechanism of its functioning are revealed.
CONTENIDO Presentación.Otras Miradas: comienza una nueva época. Dossier Relaciones de género en contextos de cambio: violencia e instituciones.A manera de presentación. Domínguez Mon, Ana Relaciones de género e iniciación sexual masculina en México.Gender relationships and male sexual initiation in Mexico. Rojas, Olga y Castrejón, José Luís Socializacion sexual de adolescentes mujeres de 10 a 14 años: un estudio de caso en la ciudad de Bogotá. Social aspects of sexuality in adolescent women between 10 to 14 years of age: a case study in Bogota. Pacheco Sánchez, Carlos Iván; Rincón Suárez, Liz Johanna; Guevara, Eberto Elías y Enríquez Guerrero, Carolina Colombia: violencias, conflicto armado y resistencias de género: las apuestas de una cartografía de la esperanza. Colombia: violence, armed conflict and feminist resistance posting a map of hope. Villarreal Méndez, Norma Participação política de líderes femininas: uma análise psicopolítica. Political participation and feminine leadership: a psycho-political analysis. Diniz Gonçalves, Betânia El movimiento de las mujeres campesinas y el medio ambiente.Peasant women's movement and environment. Paulino, Maria Ignez Relações de gênero e desigualdade em um programa social para infância e juventude pobre (florianópolis brasil década de 1930).Unequal gender relationships in the social program for children and underprivileged youth. Florianopolis, brasil in the 1930's. Fávero Arend, Silvia Maria Violaciones y derechos: la responsabilidad del estado en casos de niños y niñas abusados/as y/o prostituidos/as. Violation and rights pertaining thereto: government responsibility in cases of child abuse and child prostitution. Schiavoni, Lidia Limitaciones y obstáculos para la identificación y registro de la violencia emocional en mujeres que acudieron a un centro de salud pública en Venezuela. Limits and obstacles in the reporting of emotional violence by women who resort to public health facilities in Venezuela. Viña Ch., Daniel R.; Pérez Reyes, Maricarmen y García, Carmen Teresa Crisis institucional y relaciones de gënero: niñas, niños y adolescentes viviendo con VIH-sida en Argentina. Institutional crisis and gender relations: children and adolescents suffering from hiv aids in Argentina. Domínguez Mon, Ana Romper el silencio de una violencia de género cotidiana. Exposing everyday gender violence. Martinez Q., Lucia W. Historia, Historiografía y Géneros Las mujeres y la política a fines del siglo XVIII y comienzos del XIX en Venezuela. Women and politics at the end of the 18th and beginning of the 19th century in Venezuela. Valdivieso, Magdalena ; 29-79 ; cpacheco@urosario.edu.co ; lrincons@urosario.edu.co ; ebertog@yahoo.com.ar ; cenrique@urosario.edu.co ; semestral ; Nivel analítico
The article aims to define the sectoral legal tools that can be incorporated into the legislations of the countries of the world for the development of gender policies in social and labor relations. The research methodology included methods of general and special scientific character, which aim to ensure the unity of approaches. Attention has been paid to the justification of subjective differentiation of working conditions in the acts of the International Labor Organization. Legal conditions for the introduction of gender equality in legal systems were proposed in order to ensure the social and economic development of society. It is concluded that international standards of social and labor relations make it possible to implement gender equality policy in various variable models. Finally, among the special sectoral tools for solving gender problems, it is worth applying: subjective and social differentiation of working conditions; gender-neutral legislation; local acts as a method of raising the level of moral and ethical standards in professional groups, and; gender quotas and gender parity with differentiation in various spheres of economic activity.
Before talking about Social Worker intervention, it is necessary to refer to social work as profession and discipline. His social approach originates from the analysis of the parameters of the relationship between people and various institutions, which originate from society and from cultural, political, social and historical guidelines. The purpose of this study is the intervention of the social worker in basic education settings. Social work is a science that allows the branch professional to see beyond a simple opinion, transmitting knowledge that allows one to perceive and give an explanation, enhancing and putting their knowledge into practice to determine essential points within a very complex subject. On the other hand, each function has its objective or purpose, in this case the Social Worker seeks to prevent conflict situations before children who are part of the basic education system, such as use and consumption of alcohol, tobacco, bullying, violence; all this through the planning and execution of projects that serve as tools for the professionals in this field. Regarding the processes of intervention of the Social Worker against the problems of basic education, it is evident that the presence of this professional in schools is essential, due to the social conflicts that occur in these spaces. Keywords: Children, intervention, educational system, primary, conflict. ; Antes de hablar sobre la intervención del Trabajador Social, es necesario referirse al trabajo social como profesión y disciplina. Su enfoque social tiene origen en el análisis de los parámetros de la relación entre las personas y las diversas instituciones, que se originan de la sociedad y de los lineamientos culturales, políticos, sociales e históricos. El objeto del presente estudio es la intervención del trabajador social en entornos de educación básica. El trabajo Social es una ciencia que permite al profesional de la rama ver más allá de una simple opinión, transmitiendo conocimientos que permiten percibir y otorgar una explicación, realzando y poniendo en práctica sus conocimientos para determinar puntos primordiales dentro de un tema muy complejo. Por otra parte, cada función tiene su objetivo o propósito, en este caso el Trabajador Social busca prevenir situaciones de conflicto ante los niños que son parte del sistema de educación básica, tales como uso y consumo de alcohol, tabaco, acoso escolar, violencia; todo esto a través de la planificación y ejecución de proyectos que sirven como herramientas al profesional de esta rama. En cuanto a los procesos de intervención del Trabajador Social frente a las problemáticas de la educación básica, es evidente que la presencia de este profesional en las escuelas es fundamental, debido a los conflictos sociales que se presentan en estos espacios. Palabras Claves: Niños, intervención, sistema educativo, primaria, conflicto. ABSTRACT: Before talking about Social Worker intervention, it is necessary to refer to social work as profession and discipline. His social approach originates from the analysis of the parameters of the relationship between people and various institutions, which originate from society and from cultural, political, social and historical guidelines. The purpose of this study is the intervention of the social worker in basic education settings. Social work is a science that allows the branch professional to see beyond a simple opinion, transmitting knowledge that allows one to perceive and give an explanation, enhancing and putting their knowledge into practice to determine essential points within a very complex subject. On the other hand, each function has its objective or purpose, in this case the Social Worker seeks to prevent conflict situations before children who are part of the basic education system, such as use and consumption of alcohol, tobacco, bullying, violence; all this through the planning and execution of projects that serve as tools for the professionals in this field. Regarding the processes of intervention of the Social Worker against the problems of basic education, it is evident that the presence of this professional in schools is essential, due to the social conflicts that occur in these spaces. Keywords: Children, intervention, educational system, primary, conflict. Recibido: 01 de diciembre de 2017Aceptado: 05 de enero de 2018Publicado: 09 de enero de 2018
El informe proporciona una revisión integral de los acuerdos comerciales que incluyen disposiciones laborales y presenta también los impactos de dichas disposiciones para empleadores y trabajadores. Asimismo, analiza los desafíos que presenta la creciente suscripción de dichos acuerdos que incluyen diferentes tipos de disposiciones sociales
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Introducción: la consolidación de la hegemonía médica, religiosa, patriarcal y del mercado de consumo en salud ha impreso en la enfermería mundial subordinación profesional y ha colonizado al cuidado para colaborar en sostener el status quo. Parece imprescindible proponer una discusión acerca de esta problemática en el contexto de democracia consolidada a partir de los años 80 en Argentina. Para ello será necesario, destacar algunos avances y retrocesos en la ciudadanía de las mujeres y enfermería que han vertebrado el proceso de profesionalización con perspectiva de género y desde la discusión crítica de democracia radical y ciudadanía plena. Objetivo: identificar la gramática de interacción, las subjetividades que la atraviesan y las diferentes formas de colonialidad presentes en la profesión a través de la matriz de género para dar cuenta de las líneas de cuidado que atentan o promueven la soberanía con pluralidad. Método: estudio historiográfico de análisis teórico. Resultados: distintos períodos históricos en la enfermería Argentina han evidenciado la posibilidad de ampliar o restringir la ciudadanía de la profesión de forma muy desigual y sujeta a la participación civil y política del colectivo en la arena pública. La consolidación de la democracia desde los años 80 ha posibilitado el desarrollo disciplinar siendo la ley de ejercicio profesional –y el reconocimiento de la autonomía- un punto de inflexión histórico político y social de escasa capitalización simbólica. La práctica continúa influenciada por las cargas opresoras históricas entramando cuidados que devienen antidemocráticos. Conclusiones: la democracia radical, como las escalas de justicia aparecen como marcos conceptuales de vital discusión política dentro de la profesión para identificar un cuidado democrático y garantizar la ciudadanía plena de los profesionales y quienes deben recibir cuidados democráticos. ; Introduction: the consolidation of medical; religious; patriarchal and of the healthcare consumption market hegemony in the world of nursing, has emphasized professional subordination and colonized healthcare in order to collaborate in sustaining the status quo. It seems essential to open a discussion about this problem in the context of an established democracy since the 1980s in Argentina. To achieve this, it would be necessary to highlight some advances and setbacks in women's citizenship and in nursing care that have structured the process of professionalization from a critical discussion of radical democracy and full citizenship with a gender perspective. Objective: to identify the grammar of interaction, the subjectivities across it and the different forms of Coloniality present in the profession through the gender matrix to account for the lines of care that attempt or promote sovereignty with plurality. Method: historiographic study of theoretical analysis. Results: different historical periods in Argentinean nursing have evidenced the possibility of expanding or restricting the citizenship of the profession in a very unequal way and subject to the civil and political participation of the public. The consolidation of democracy since the 80s has enabled disciplinary development, with law of professional practice - and the recognition of autonomy - a historical and political turning point with scarce symbolic capitalization. The practice continues to be influenced by historical oppressive burdens entailing a form of care which becomes undemocratic. Conclusions: radical democracy, as the scales of justice appear as conceptual frameworks of vital political discussion within the profession to identify democratic care and ensure full citizenship of professionals and who should receive democratic care. ; Introdução: a consolidação da hegemonia médica, religiosa, patriarcal e do mercado de consumo em saúde tem impresso na enfermagem mundial subordinación profissional e tem colonizado ao cuidado para colaborar em sustentar o status quo. Parece imprescindível propor uma discussão a respeito desta problemática no contexto de democracia consolidada a partir dos anos 80 em Argentina. Para isso será necessário, destacar alguns avanços e retrocessos na cidadania das mulheres e enfermagem que têm vertebrado o processo de profissionalização com perspectiva de gênero e desde a discussão crítica de democracia radical e cidadania plena. Objetivo: identificar a gramática de interação, as subjetividades que a atravessam e as diferentes formas de colonialidad presentes na profissão através da matriz de gênero para dar conta das linhas de cuidado que atentam ou promovem a soberania com pluralidade. Método: estudo historiográfico de análise teórica. Resultados: diferentes períodos históricos na enfermagem Argentina têm evidenciado a possibilidade de ampliar ou restringir a cidadania da profissão de forma muito desigual e sujeita à participação civil e política do coletivo na opinião pública. A consolidação da democracia desde os anos 80 tem possibilitado o desenvolvimento disciplinar sendo a lei de exercício profissional –e o reconhecimento da autonomia- um ponto de inflexão histórico político e social de escassa capitalización simbólica. A prática continua a ser influenciada por encargos históricos opressivos que envolvem cuidados que se tornam antidemocráticos. Conclusões: a democracia radical, como as escalas de justiça aparecem como marcos conceituais de vital discussão política dentro da profissão para identificar um cuidado democrático e garantir a cidadania plena dos profissionais e de quem devem receber cuidados democráticos.
