The article is devoted to the actual one of issues of forming the legal, social state, democratic society, namely to formation and development of social responsibility of the state, business and civil society. In the article social responsibility is examined as relatively independent type of responsibility within the framework of sociological approach. ; Статья посвящена одной из актуальных проблем формирования правового, социального государства и демократического общества, а именно формированию и развитию социальной ответственности государства, бизнеса и гражданского общества. В статье социальная ответственность рассматривается с позиции социологического подхода как относительно самостоятельный вид ответственности. ; Стаття присвячена одній з актуальних проблем формування правової, соціальної держави та демократичного суспільства, а саме формування і розвитку соціальної відповідальності держави, бізнесу і громадянського суспільства. У статті соціальна відповідальність розглядається з позицій соціологічного підходу як відносно самостійний вид відповідальності.
In the article essence of social protection is reasonable with theselection of characteristic features of this concept. The system structure of politics of social protection is workedout after levels, aims, tasks in the process of the financial providing. The measures of social character, on that the provision of funds from the state budget, are analysed. Directions of reformation the system of social protection are given in direction of the financial providing, with the use of experience developed countries, necessary terms of reformation and key aspects of development social protection are reasonable for Ukraine. ; У статті обґрунтовано сутність соціального захисту з виділенням характерних особливостей даного поняття. Розроблено системну структуру політики соціального захисту за рівнями, цілями, завданнями в процесі фінансового забезпечення. Проаналізовано заходи соціального характеру, на які передбачено виділення коштів із державного бюджету. Подано напрямки реформування системи соціального захисту в напрямку фінансового забезпечення, з використанням досвіду розвинутих країн., обґрунтовано необхідні умови реформування та ключові аспекти розвитку соціального захисту для України.
The question of actualization of material support of employees at the enterprises due to the fact of temporary disability at the expense of the Social Insurance Fund of Ukraine at present stage is studied. It is determined that compulsory state social insurance presupposes legal relations between the insured persons, employers and representatives of social insurance funds in accordance with the current legislation of Ukraine. The changes in the regulatory affairs provision of settlements with employees because of the fact of temporary disability, which directly affects organization of the accounting process of settlements with social insurance bodies are overviewed. The social insurance commission established at the enterprise with a number of insured employees more than 15 makes the decision concerning the provision of material support. The terms of reviewing documents for the material aid assignment are during ten days after receipt of documents for the material aid assignment because of temporary disability, pregnancy and childbirth. The new rules of receiving the work incapacity certificate to the accounting department for the compilation of the corresponding accounting records in the accounting system of the enterprise are considered. It is necessary to add the calculation of the average wage for 12 months to the work incapacity certificate. The signature of the head and chief accountant and the seal of the enterprise must certify this calculation. The Application-calculation to the Social Insurance Fund of Ukraine is to be submitted not later than 5 working days from the date of the social insurance commission decision concerning the payment of financial security. The Application Form can be submitted in paper form directly to the Social Insurance Fund of Ukraine or sent electronically using electronic digital signature. According to the new rules, it is necessary to inform the Social Insurance Fund of Ukraine about payments to the insured employees and to report that the funds have been paid in full ...
The article analyzes the normative legal acts, scientific views and approaches regarding normative-legal support of competitive selection of scientific-pedagogical workers. The problems of selection of candidates to contest, and especially the emergence of labour relations with scientific-pedagogical workers have been analyzed. It has been highlighted that competitive selection is an important legal tool for the rational selection of personnel and to guarantee the objectivity of business, professional, moral qualities of the applicant for the position. Trends of development of social relations require rethinking of many established positions and approaches in the context of the reform of the education system of Ukraine. The main feature of the work of scientific and pedagogical workers is that, first of all, this is a kind of creative activity, a highly skilled work of the mentoring and training of specialists of higher qualification. Priority in the actual legal composition of the emergence of labor relations with scientific and pedagogical workers is competition. Competitive order of recruitment of scientific-pedagogical workers is of great importance in the selection of the teaching staff, which must possess deep professional knowledge and scientific achievements in the relevant branch of science, to have high moral qualities, to provide training and education of highly qualified specialists. The purpose of this publication is to develop concrete proposals to improve rules on the competitive selection of scientific-pedagogical workers. Today is a great need to improve legislation in the legal regulation of the right to work of scientific-pedagogical workers. And also, it should be understood that the selection process was created to find qualified personnel, which could efficiently carry out its work.
Nowadays adult education is viewed as a means of fulfillment of educational needs of adults, their perfection and self-development and as a means of civil society formation, for it helps to form socially active citizens. Main concepts of active citizenship are "participation", "democratic society". Movement for civil rights is key social phenomenon in the USA and Canada. Education for active citizenship is viewed as education, teaching, informative and practical activity, aimed at supplying those who study with knowledge, skills, understanding, formation of models of behavior and attitude in the sphere of democratic rights and duties protection as members of society. Key assignments of education for active citizenship are: provision of citizens with knowledge that are necessary for active participation in life of society, conducting of dialogue and conflict solving, finding of compromise, understanding of rights and duties of people, norms of behavior in society. Development of informal adult education depends on several factors, but the main factor is efficacy and quality of professional teaching of andragogs. There are different specialists such as teachers, psychologists, workers of centers of Adult education, social and rehabilitation centers, administrators, leaders of social organizations work with adults. There is no single classification of andragogs among American and Canadian scientists, but all andragogs are subdivided into two groups: specialists who have diploma in adult education and specialists who have experience in adult education. Key features of andragogs are independence, active position, ability to take risks, ability to work for long hours, respect, kindness and humanity to people, desire for self-perfection and self-criticism. Key functions of anragogs are systematized. Functions of planning, organizing and providing education for adults that presupposes singling out of educational needs and opportunities of adults, proving necessity of program for adults, working out of an educational ...
Non-commercial organizations are an important segment of civil society in Ukraine. In order to develop its institutes it is necessary to change legal regulation. That is why commercial legislation becomes more important as a system of legal acts which define the status of non-commercial entities in business activities. There are no doubts that non-commercial organizations play a significant role in formation of modern civil society. It is possible to notice some changes in solving of national and local tasks related to the development of economy and social security. Activities of these organizations not only ensure operation of numerous public associations but are also remarkable element of the market system. Non-commercial organization is established to ensure equal conditions for all forms of property and types of business entities (irrespective of commercial nature) and as a result universality of mechanisms for indirect commercial relations. Topicality of the research on legal status of non-commercial business in Ukraine is resulted by the following factors: lack of theoretical provisions, existence of numerous problematic issues on fixing certain types of business entities in legislation, non-effective and ambiguous mechanism for legal regulation of their activities which arises in national law. One of the main conditions for business activities particularly non-commercial one is when the state confirms that the entity has entered business legally which is the procedure of legalization. Legitimization of non-commercial business entities includes several stages. All non-commercial entities should undergo the procedure of the state registration which includes entry of information to the Unified State Registry of Legal Entities, Individual Entrepreneurs and Public Organizations as well as the Registry of Non-Profit Organizations. In this regard, legitimization of non-commercial entities is authorization for carrying out of non-commercial activities which means that the business entity obtained the right to ...
Анотація. Встановлення культури інформаційної доби вплинуло на переструктурування системи соціальних зв'язків, що в загальнокультурному контексті впливає на моделі соціального становлення соціальних суб'єктів, зокрема у сфері дозвілля. Тому постає необхідність у дослідженні, мета якого полягає у визначенні соціально-педагогічного аспекту трансформації сфери дозвілля під впливом становлення культури інформаційного суспільства. Для реалізації вказаної мети доцільно використовувати методи: теоретичні – аналіз, узагальнення та систематизація. Аналіз сучасних досліджень дає можливість визначити «дозвілля» як історичне та соціально-культурне явище, яке ґрунтується на задоволенні дозвіллєвих потреб у відповідній діяльності соціальних суб'єктів у вільний час у спеціально створеному просторово-інституціональному середовищі. Нині сфера дозвілля трансформується під впливом становлення культури інформаційної цивілізації та набуває характерних ознак: віртуалізація, інформатизація, переважне задоволення комунікативних потреб. На основі вивчення особливостей сфери дозвілля та особливостей становлення культури інформаційного суспільства визначено тенденції, які безпосередньо впливають на реалізацію дозвіллєвої діяльності соціальних суб'єктів в умовах інформаційної цивілізації. ; Abstract. Сulture сhanges, taking place under the influence of the transition to the information society, cause a transformation of the economic, political, cultural and other areas. Establishing the culture of the informational epoch has affected the restructuring of the social relations system, which in the general cultural context affects the social formation of social actors, in particular in the field of leisure. Therefore, there is a necessity to research socio-pedagogical aspect of the leisure sphere transformation under the influence formation of the information society culture. To reach the research goals, it's advisable to use the following methods: theoretical − analysis, generalisation and systematisation, which revealed the social and educational aspects field of leisure transformation under conditions of an information society. Analysis of current research makes it possible to determine the «leisure» as a historical and socio-cultural phenomenon, based on meeting the recreational needs of the relevant activities of social actors in their spare time in a specially created space-institutional environment. Today the leisure sector is being transformated under the influence of a culture information civilization and obtaines the special features (ability to meet the needs of leisure activities of social actors, the ability to provide a variety of individual preferences according to the age, sex, social status, social situation of others; regulation leisure areas; integration and cultural predilection). On the basis of features leisure areas and features of a culture of information society defined trend (expansion of entertainment with the renewal and transformation of the information environment, which is the focus of active leisure, the internet is a means of entertainment, there is virtualisation leisure; leisure needs of social subjects beyond ordinary social space and acquire characteristics of globalization; transformation of forms and kinds of leisure; new elements appear and the characteristics and leisure activities; the emergence of the leisure risks), which directly affect the implementation of leisure activities of social actors in information civilization.
Анотація. Встановлення культури інформаційної доби вплинуло на переструктурування системи соціальних зв'язків, що в загальнокультурному контексті впливає на моделі соціального становлення соціальних суб'єктів, зокрема у сфері дозвілля. Тому постає необхідність у дослідженні, мета якого полягає у визначенні соціально-педагогічного аспекту трансформації сфери дозвілля під впливом становлення культури інформаційного суспільства. Для реалізації вказаної мети доцільно використовувати методи: теоретичні – аналіз, узагальнення та систематизація. Аналіз сучасних досліджень дає можливість визначити «дозвілля» як історичне та соціально-культурне явище, яке ґрунтується на задоволенні дозвіллєвих потреб у відповідній діяльності соціальних суб'єктів у вільний час у спеціально створеному просторово-інституціональному середовищі. Нині сфера дозвілля трансформується під впливом становлення культури інформаційної цивілізації та набуває характерних ознак: віртуалізація, інформатизація, переважне задоволення комунікативних потреб. На основі вивчення особливостей сфери дозвілля та особливостей становлення культури інформаційного суспільства визначено тенденції, які безпосередньо впливають на реалізацію дозвіллєвої діяльності соціальних суб'єктів в умовах інформаційної цивілізації. ; Abstract. Сulture сhanges, taking place under the influence of the transition to the information society, cause a transformation of the economic, political, cultural and other areas. Establishing the culture of the informational epoch has affected the restructuring of the social relations system, which in the general cultural context affects the social formation of social actors, in particular in the field of leisure. Therefore, there is a necessity to research socio-pedagogical aspect of the leisure sphere transformation under the influence formation of the information society culture. To reach the research goals, it's advisable to use the following methods: theoretical − analysis, generalisation and systematisation, which revealed the social and educational aspects field of leisure transformation under conditions of an information society. Analysis of current research makes it possible to determine the «leisure» as a historical and socio-cultural phenomenon, based on meeting the recreational needs of the relevant activities of social actors in their spare time in a specially created space-institutional environment. Today the leisure sector is being transformated under the influence of a culture information civilization and obtaines the special features (ability to meet the needs of leisure activities of social actors, the ability to provide a variety of individual preferences according to the age, sex, social status, social situation of others; regulation leisure areas; integration and cultural predilection). On the basis of features leisure areas and features of a culture of information society defined trend (expansion of entertainment with the renewal and transformation of the information environment, which is the focus of active leisure, the internet is a means of entertainment, there is virtualisation leisure; leisure needs of social subjects beyond ordinary social space and acquire characteristics of globalization; transformation of forms and kinds of leisure; new elements appear and the characteristics and leisure activities; the emergence of the leisure risks), which directly affect the implementation of leisure activities of social actors in information civilization.
The concept of complex psychological adaptation of first-year students for student life is presented. Theories of adaptability of adolescents and adolescents and the concept of their adaptation to new minds of life and activity are generalized. The results of the empirical study of the individual-psychological qualities of the freshmen, the features of their social interaction and academic motivation are described. The experience of the psychological support of the process of adaptation of students who are internally displaced to study at a university is analyzed. Their true personal and character peculiarities, ways of adapting to the situation and responding to adverse influences from the external environment are determined. The perspective circle of researches in the field of psychological support and support of internally displaced students is outlined. Adaptation to learning has been found to be a complex process of learning the norms and rules of an educational institution, forging friendships with one-groupers, and for constructive relationships with teachers; development of strategies of educational activity and initial activity. The article determines that the adaptation of internally displaced first-year students to study should come as an active tertiary adaptation of students to the higher education institutions, in the process of developing students' skills and ability to organize their understanding, and life, the system of working with professional self-education and self-education of professionally significant qualities of personality. It has been found that the process of adaptation to university education is a complex system of transformations that occur with a person in accordance with changes in the minds of existence. The beginning of a student's life is connected with numerous social changes; replacement of existing attitudes and stereotypes; stressful situations. For some students, this can lead to the substitution of a real sense of adulthood by activities such as freedom to attend classes, unsystematic homework, and so on. All of this can, over time, be transformed into a reluctance to study, attend a school, and participate in one's social life.
UK: Визначено особливості системи державного управління соціальним захистом осіб з інвалідністю. Сучасне суспільство вже усвідомлює, що розумовий потенціал нації криється і в людях із фізичними обмеженнями. У статті визначено підходи до вибору варіантів державної підтримки людей з обмеженими фізичними можливостями в ракурсі європейської практики. Показано досвід реформування системи соціального захисту осіб з інвалідністю держав – членів ЄС із метою виявлення недоліків сучасної вітчизняної системи. Розглянуто сучасний стан державної політики України щодо залучення людей з інвалідністю до загальнодержавних процесів. Акцентовано увагу на актуальності виконання в Україні завдань Європейської стратегії щодо інвалідності. Запропоновано шляхи пошуку роботи для осіб з інвалідністю. RU: Определены особенности системы государственного управления социальной защитой лиц с инвалидностью. Современное общество уже понимает, что умственный потенциал нации кроется и в людях с физическими ограничениями, В статье определены подходы к выбору вариантов государственной поддержки людей с ограниченными физическими возможностями в ракурсе европейской практики. Показан опыт реформирования системы социальной защиты лиц с инвалидностью государств – членов ЕС с целью выявления недостатков современной отечественной системы. Рассмотрено современное состояние государственной политики Украины относительно привлечения людей с инвалидностью к общегосударственным процессам. Акцентировано внимание на актуальности выполнения в Украине задач Европейской стратегии по инвалидности. Предложены пути поиска работы для лиц с инвалидностью. EN: Peculiarities of the of State management system of disabled people social protection are defined. Modern society is already aware that nation's intellectual potential can also be found in people with physical limitations. The article identifies the approaches to the choice of options for the State support of people with disabilities in context of European practice. The study acquaintes with the experience of reforming in social protection system for people with disabilities existing in Member States of EU, in order to identify the shortcomings of the modern Ukrainian system. As for the approaches to the disabled people employment in Europe, there is a tendency to move from medical model "of rehabilitation of people with disabilities" to the model of work force training focused on the possibilities of every person. This allows people with disabilities take full place in a society and to provide on an individual basis their decent standard of living. The attention is payed on the condition of Ukraine's State policy regarding the involvement of people with disabilities into national processes. It is stressed that Ukrainian legislation makes employers not only to give jobs to people with disabilities, but also take additional safety measures that meet the specific features of this category of workers. In some cases this means to arrange training and retraining. That is why some enterprises by tricks, offer special employees not quite legitimate forms of cooperation. One of the most common is the part-time employment with minimum pay. Actually a person does not come to the workplace but only receives some money. A confirmation of the abovementioned is the published research of the largest employees search site in Ukraine, called Work.ua. It is noted that one of the obstacles to the successful employment of disabled people is their "formal employment". People are also not ready to adequately perceive staff members differing from them (psychological aspect) and employers are not interested in providing jobs for people with special needs as this requires financial and time costs (financial aspect). That is why the emphasis is placed on the urgency of the European Strategy implementation as for disabled people in Ukraine. Ways of finding jobs for persons with disabilities are offered.
Introduction. In order to further move towards the European Economic Area, Ukraine needs to take pension reform measures. Pension provision in Ukraine has to be profoundly reformed in terms of regulatory and legislative framework for calculating pensions in Ukraine. What is of particular importance is improving Ukraine's laws and methods for calculation and pension payments to citizens. Another important focus of the reform agenda is to define categories of people eligible for old-age pensions, disability pensions, and long- service pensions.Purpose. The purpose of the article is to interpret the regulatory and legislative framework for calculating pensions in Ukraine; to describe changes in pension payments before and after the reform was implemented; to highlight ways of improving pension payments in terms of regulations and legislation.Methods. The research methods used in the article include: analysis; comparison; historical method to consider the legislative framework for calculating pensions at different periods of time.Results. The regulatory and legal framework for calculating pensions in Ukraine is a complex system comprising the Constitution of Ukraine, the Laws of Ukraine, the Labour Code of Ukraine, decrees, Presidential decrees, International agreements and laws of the USSR. Some of these regulations and legislation need to be revised and amended in order to bring them in line with contemporary practices and modern standards.It is claimed that since 2017, Ukraine's government has been implementing the pension reform aimed at relieving the pressure on the working-age population and improving living standards for retired people. In particular, the retirement age has been raised, eligibility criteria for preferential pensions have been revised, and methods for calculating pensions have been changed.The Ministry of Social Policy of Ukraine argues that the new pension reform is expected to enhance social, labour and post-retirement relations, to increase tax revenues through reporting real salaries, to develop a framework of social justice when calculating pensions. The author points out that the regulatory and legislative framework for calculating pensions is outdated at this stage and it requires changes. The considered changes are as follows: the establishment of a working group for entitlement of preferential pensions; the introduction of wage differentials by industries and occupations; the increase of pensions in line with inflation and age; the implementation of notional defined contribution pension system; the introduction of the new Labour Code and Pension Code, which are expected to regulate labour and post-retirement relations and meet modern standards.It is also indicated that continued employment should be enforced by legislation and a system of granting advantages and social security benefits to those who retire later needs to be developed.In terms of legislation, sufficient regard should be given to non-state pension schemes, defined contribution pension systems, and the principle of fairness when it comes to pension entitlements. It is also crucial to adjust pension amounts and retirement age to align with the sustainability ratio and the average life expectancy.Discussion. Further research of regulatory and legal framework for calculating pensions in Ukraine should be focused on the development of the Pension Code and improvement of the existing laws relative to pension calculation and payment. The author also suggests differentiating minimum wages by industries and regions and countering the illicit labour market and campaigning against payments 'in envelope', because official wages are the basis for calculating pensions.
The article focuses on the nature, content and interconnection between the main categories of the energy services market. The purpose of the research paper is to substantiate theoretical and applied aspects of developing the energy services market and put forward proposals for their further implementation into practice in Ukraine. Based on a systematic analysis and methods of analysis and synthesis it is proved that efficiency, viewed as an economic, technical and technological category, is an essential factor in the sustainable growth of the national economy.It is pointed out that increasing energy efficiency is linked with energy modernization in the basic sectors of Ukraine's national economy as well as the application of brand new technologies, non-conventional and renewable energy sources, which can be implemented in the framework of market relations. The energy services market may serve as an organizational, economic and institutional form of such relationsThe research paper highlights the essence and content of the main categories of the energy services market: energy services, market structure and its basic characteristics, market actors and their interaction.The concept of an efficient industry market is applied for theoretical rationalizing of market structure and its basic features, which makes it possible to identify interdependence between all its components and address the peculiarities of energy services.It is found that the basic terms of supply in the market of energy services are limited due to the imperfection of the institutional and economic environment. The basic conditions of demand are characterized by high price elasticity on personal income and contradiction of behavior depending on the government's social policy and costs of fuel and energy resources. High elasticity of demand and lack of substitute services result in the impossibility of developing a clear pricing strategy and affect the efficiency of market actors. The market structure is characterized by a high level of market barriers, caused by the peculiarities of providing energy services, which require the availability of high-tech equipment, special mechanisms, highlyskilled personnel, and the availability of a license.It is emphasized that market behavior is a marketing complex that requires flexibility in choosing a pricing strategy, advertising products, market research, engineering and technology research, and service delivery. Institutional provision requires an adequate state policy and informal imperatives of civil society in the field of energy efficiency of the national economy. The scheme of interaction between actors of the market of energy services is developed and functional interrelations between them in business operations are defined.
The article deals with topical issues related to the manifestation of unlawful anomalies: concepts, nature, types, forms, etc.Unlawful anomalies are revealed as negative, legally punishable deviations from the norm, arising from violation of regulations, go beyond the law and directed against it. The analysis of this topic makes it possible to understand the nature of unlawful anomalies and the types, forms of their appearance.The concept of delinquency, which manifests itself in violation of the individual social norms and is characterized by certain deviations, is revealed. The basis of delinquency as a wrongful anomaly is the defect in social relations between the individual and society, between the needs of the individual and the demands of society.A number of main causes influencing the spread of delinquentisation delinquency of society as manifestations of unlawful anomalies have been identified. The following reasons may include: a) the economic difficulties that Ukrainian society is experiencing. These difficulties are negatively reflected in the mass consciousness, causing the spread of various types of abnormalities and anomalies in behavior, in particular, delinquent ones, which are a serious inhibiting factor of social development; b) radical reforms, the main content of which is the privatization and development of a market economy, which is accompanied by dynamic changes in the social structure and mass marginalization of society; c) criminalization of certain spheres of public life.It is substantiated that the key role in deepening the delinquentization of society and spreading manifestations of unlawful anomalies play – political and socio-economic crises, the rapid decline in the standard of living and the formation of moral and legal nihilism, and others.It was emphasized that the most effective and promising direction in regulating delinquent behavior in the conditions of crisis of political power, instability, legal nihilism and disrespect for human rights is, first of all, social and preventive activity of the state. The purpose of such activities should be to identify and neutralize the causes and conditions that cause the spread of delinquent behavior, to develop a comprehensive approach to understanding the essence of unlawful anomalies and to create effective legal mechanisms for their elimination. ; В статье рассмотрены актуальные вопросы, связанные с проявлением противоправных аномалий. Противоправные аномалии раскрыты как негативные, юридически уголовные отклонения от нормы, вытекающие из нарушения нормативных предписаний, выходящие за рамки права и направлены против него. Освещено понятие делинквентности, которая проявляется в нарушении индивидом социальных норм и характеризуется определенными отклонениями. Определены основные причины, влияющиe на распространение делинквентизации общества как проявления противоправных аномалий. Отмечено, что наиболее эффективным и перспективным направлением в регулировании делинквентного поведения в условиях кризиса является, прежде всего, социально-профилактическая деятельность государства с учетом комплексного подхода к пониманию сущности противоправных аномалий. ; У статті розглянуто актуальні питання, пов'язані з проявом протиправних аномалій. Протиправні аномалії розкрито як негативні, юридично карні відхилення від норми, що випливають із порушення нормативних приписів, виходять за рамки права і спрямовані проти нього. Висвітлено поняття делінквентності, яка проявляється у порушенні індивідом соціальних норм і характеризується певними відхиленнями. Визначено низку основних причин, що впливають на поширення делінквентизації суспільства як прояву протиправних аномалій. Наголошено, що найбільш ефективним й перспективним напрямком в регулюванні делінквентної поведінки в умовах кризи політичної влади, нестабільності, правового нігілізму та неповаги до прав людини є, передусім, соціально-профілактична діяльність держави із урахуванням комплексного підходу до розуміння сутності протиправних аномалій та створення ефективних правових механізмів по їх усуненню.
The article deals with topical issues related to the manifestation of unlawful anomalies: concepts, nature, types, forms, etc.Unlawful anomalies are revealed as negative, legally punishable deviations from the norm, arising from violation of regulations, go beyond the law and directed against it. The analysis of this topic makes it possible to understand the nature of unlawful anomalies and the types, forms of their appearance.The concept of delinquency, which manifests itself in violation of the individual social norms and is characterized by certain deviations, is revealed. The basis of delinquency as a wrongful anomaly is the defect in social relations between the individual and society, between the needs of the individual and the demands of society.A number of main causes influencing the spread of delinquentisation delinquency of society as manifestations of unlawful anomalies have been identified. The following reasons may include: a) the economic difficulties that Ukrainian society is experiencing. These difficulties are negatively reflected in the mass consciousness, causing the spread of various types of abnormalities and anomalies in behavior, in particular, delinquent ones, which are a serious inhibiting factor of social development; b) radical reforms, the main content of which is the privatization and development of a market economy, which is accompanied by dynamic changes in the social structure and mass marginalization of society; c) criminalization of certain spheres of public life.It is substantiated that the key role in deepening the delinquentization of society and spreading manifestations of unlawful anomalies play – political and socio-economic crises, the rapid decline in the standard of living and the formation of moral and legal nihilism, and others.It was emphasized that the most effective and promising direction in regulating delinquent behavior in the conditions of crisis of political power, instability, legal nihilism and disrespect for human rights is, first of all, social and preventive activity of the state. The purpose of such activities should be to identify and neutralize the causes and conditions that cause the spread of delinquent behavior, to develop a comprehensive approach to understanding the essence of unlawful anomalies and to create effective legal mechanisms for their elimination. ; В статье рассмотрены актуальные вопросы, связанные с проявлением противоправных аномалий. Противоправные аномалии раскрыты как негативные, юридически уголовные отклонения от нормы, вытекающие из нарушения нормативных предписаний, выходящие за рамки права и направлены против него. Освещено понятие делинквентности, которая проявляется в нарушении индивидом социальных норм и характеризуется определенными отклонениями. Определены основные причины, влияющиe на распространение делинквентизации общества как проявления противоправных аномалий. Отмечено, что наиболее эффективным и перспективным направлением в регулировании делинквентного поведения в условиях кризиса является, прежде всего, социально-профилактическая деятельность государства с учетом комплексного подхода к пониманию сущности противоправных аномалий. ; У статті розглянуто актуальні питання, пов'язані з проявом протиправних аномалій. Протиправні аномалії розкрито як негативні, юридично карні відхилення від норми, що випливають із порушення нормативних приписів, виходять за рамки права і спрямовані проти нього. Висвітлено поняття делінквентності, яка проявляється у порушенні індивідом соціальних норм і характеризується певними відхиленнями. Визначено низку основних причин, що впливають на поширення делінквентизації суспільства як прояву протиправних аномалій. Наголошено, що найбільш ефективним й перспективним напрямком в регулюванні делінквентної поведінки в умовах кризи політичної влади, нестабільності, правового нігілізму та неповаги до прав людини є, передусім, соціально-профілактична діяльність держави із урахуванням комплексного підходу до розуміння сутності протиправних аномалій та створення ефективних правових механізмів по їх усуненню.
The article researches certain types of referendums in foreign countries to solve issues regarding an opportunity to implement this experience in Ukraine. The authors study peculiarities of referendum in Switzerland. Following the example of the United States of America the role of referendum as an effective tool to solve political, social and other problems has been presented. The authors analyze legislative regulation of local referendum institute in Poland. Attention has been focused on the meaning of imperative referendums which related to the issue of certain territories in Great Britain. The authors provided Ukrainian experience on local referendums. The article also distinguished between All-Ukrainian and local referendums. Referring to the draft law 'On Local Referendums', collisions, incompliance with international practice, lack of basic definitions which is necessary for the best efficiency of this institute as well as legal certainty have been found. The article has proposed to abolish legislative gap regarding regulation of local referendums in Ukraine. Opinion on the necessity to borrow foreign experience and implement nonbinding referendum as one of the institutes of direct democracy has been given. Attention has been focused on the necessity to increase legal awareness of population to prevent certain political parties from using this institute for lobbying of their interests. The authors focus on the need to develop legislative provisions aimed at regulating the mentioned issue to create a background for implementation of an imperative referendum which in turn will contribute to implementation of Constitutional provisions which relate to government by the people and people's participation in settlement of state affairs.
