Suchergebnisse

3 major spheres in which aggression develops are discerned: individual; within the context of a nat'l or state community; & as an instrument of foreign policy. This classification is based on quantitative factors-the scale of the aggression & the number of individuals involved in it. Modern theories on the origin of armed aggression as an instrument of foreign policy are summarized. The following Sch's of thought are noted: those ascribing internat'l aggression to biological factors (this is seen as a highly dangerous approach); those situated on the boundary between biology & geopol (theories referring to the impact of the pop explosion; these are considered inaccurate); those theories which hold diff levels of ED responsible for aggression; & a number of geopol'al theories as well as sociol'al theories. All these main groups seem to suffer from a one-sided approach to the problem, giving prominence to one or the other particular factor & Ignoring or underestimating the complex soc, econ, & pol'al factors in their interrelationship with each other. Analysis of the evidence shows that org'ed aggression as an instrument of foreign policy occurs at a specific stage in the evolution of mankind, with the rise of private ownership of production & the existence of mutually antagonistic classes & states. The term 'aggression' cannot properly be used in the case of primitive communities, where conflicts between individuals, clans, tribes or groups of tribes did not necessarily stem from the existing soc order & production system. A review of history shows that aggression has differed in character at diff stages of cultural development. Aggression can only be fully eradicated from human experience if its cause, societies with antagonistic classes, becomes a thing of the past. But it can be averted even in circumstances where states with diff soc systems coexist, if equality of rights, mutual understanding & trust between the states, & non-interference in domestic affairs are accepted. M. Maxfield.

SummaryA wide ranging coverage is given of the issues involved in the interaction between women and sport. The pressures on girls and women to take part in or to refrain from various sports are considered. The question of the leisure time available to women in various situations, and the pressures on that leisure time, are discussed, and space is also given to the opportunities available at school level, the Equal Opportunities Commission's involvement in sport and the problems of sportswomen at the highest level.

This article deals with the preliminary findings on some social aspects of embourgeoisement amongst respondents to a social survey in Melbourne, Australia. The sample is stratified into blue collar, white collar and middle class workers. The findings are that whilst there is little or no difference in the source of general `life-satisfactions' and orientation to work across the groups, there are strong differences in the `leisure companion' network, membership of and leadership in `voluntary associations', and `educational aspirations for children'. The same results were found when income was held constant. These findings, taken into conjunction with previous findings about economic differences, lead to the broad conclusion that whilst Australia is affluent in a similar way to Britain and the U.S.A. the social structure is dissimilar and that there is little evidence of the convergence of the social classes.

Analyzed are the social & historical causes of the Eritrean revolution, with focus on the repressive policies of Italian, British, & most recently, Ethiopian occupiers. The social & revolutionary accomplishments of the Eritrean People's Liberation Front (EPLF) in the areas of land reform, liberation of towns, & politicalization of workers & peasants are described. Also assessed is the impact of the EPLF on education, health, & the liberation of women. The deterrent effect of entrenched feudal interests & of early mistakes on revolutionary progress is hypothesized. D. Dunseath.