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The author makes an attempt to describe the problem of developing the concept of risk assessment of people's deviant online behavior, especially regarding children and young adults in social networks. The article emphasises risk factors, vulnerability, and deviant patterns in the context of such phenomena as aggressive, asocial, auto-aggressive, self-mutilating, suicidal, risk-taking and victim online behavior. Such behavioural disorders that mostly derive from "New digital reality", definitely influence public security aspects and threaten the social sustainability. The novelty of the article is in an analysis of the spheres of social life where the government should adapt legislation to new realities of Russian society so as to decrease and prevent both deviant and delinquent behaviour.

This article aims to make an insight into the conditions of immigration policy and actions undertaken by the Swedish authorities and political parties in the face of the migration crisis in Europe after 2015. A hypothesis presented here assumes that a decisive evolution of the attitudes of the Swedish authorities, political parties, and society towards a restrictive
approach to immigration arose from the awareness of the negative consequences of migration management for the Swedish socio-economic model and the political scene. The theoretical framework used in this article is the concept of policy responsiveness, including the ability of
political authorities to respond effectively and lawfully to the needs and expectations of the citizens. Process tracing was applied as a research method useful for following the transformation process Sweden's immigration policy. Statistical data, documents issued by the government and political parties, as well as the subject literature were the sources
utilised in the research. Conclusions drawn from the research point to the tightening of immigration policy as a result of the fear of a prolonged pull effect on foreigners and concern surrounding the appropriate handling of immigration in full accordance with the adopted model of immigration policy.

Traditionally, the quality of law is associated with observing certain principles of law making, the so-called principles of good legislation. Such a way of thinking, however, seems to be an over-simplification. Thus, the author indicates that the high-quality of legislation and the principles of good legislation are not the same. Law passed on the basis of good legislation procedures does not automatically result in the high-quality law, in particular, if one makes an assumption that the quality of law depends, above all, on legal certainty being ensured. The reflections presented here express an opinion on the immediate connection between the quality of law and the theory of law. In this perspective, thoughts on the quality of law resulted in an opinion how firmly the process of improvement in law quality is associated with the development of the theory of law. As regards the studies on the quality of law as a measure of legal certainty, three issues are pointed out in the material: 1. the quality of law from the point of view of its formation in reference to certain general social phenomena, 2. the quality of law relating to a person, 3. the quality of law in judicial activities.

Summary in English.

Goruppi, W.: Cechia. S. 5-9. Hamende, B.: Polonia. S. 9-14. Goruppi, W.: Slovacchia. S. 14-18. Lachi, M.: Slovenia. S. 18-23. Campobasso, C.: Ungheria. S. 23-28. Goruppi, W.: Romania. S. 28-31. Campobasso, C.: Bulgaria. S. 31-36. Campobasso, C.: Albania. S. 36-42. Lachi, M.: Croazia. S. 43-46. Lachi, M.: Repubblica Federale Iugoslava. S. 47-50. Lachi, M.: Macedonia. S. 50-54

The article intends to illustrate the climate, social and primarily health effects resulting from the emission of various substances in the process of burning coal and waste, and the legal framework related to the issue of air pollution as a result of low emissions. The authors discuss also the main directions of the changes proposed in the so-called "anti-smog" law. The authors pose the thesis that Poland has still not solved problems of low emissions, despite the measures taken in the amendment to the Environmental Law. In their view, Poland still has a long way to go before it creates a low-carbon economy. The traditional use of coal in Poland hinders putting ecological changes into practice. Incineration of waste produced by households is another social pathology. Besides municipal waste, some hazardous waste also produced in households can be found. The level of environmental education is very poor in this respect. However, without significant actions, we will continue to destroy our own and our neighbours' health, contribute to climate change as some climatologists' think and pay penalties for failing to meet ecological commitments to the European Union as well.

This article focuses on the solidarity of EU member states with the so-called "front" country, Greece, which found itself during the migration crisis in 2015 and in the following years on the most burdened East-Mediterranean route, i.e. the route by sea from Turkey to Greece and onwards to various European Union countries. Refugees from Syria but also from Iraq and
Afghanistan continue to arrive along this route. The destinations for boats carrying immigrants and refugees via Turkey to Greece are the islands in the Aegean Sea including the island of Lesbos whereon the infamous Moria camp still plays a special role. The island which hosts Moria is the subject of European solidarity research with Greece. The structure of this article consists of three parts. The fi rst discusses the principle of solidarity which, like any community, lies at the heart of the European Union. Part Two deals with the migration crisis and its challenges regarding the solidarity of EU Member States from Greece. The third part focuses on the humanitarian consequences of the lack of solidarity between EU member states and Greece. The source material is scientifi c publications on the EU, information from EU portals and press agencies and their recordings of developments in Greece related to the infl ux of immigrants along the Eastern Mediterranean route along with the author's own observations
of the Moria camp during a visit at the end of November 2019. This article also partly refers to the new humanitarian challenges arising in the context of the situation of immigrants on their way to Europe during the Coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19).

The generation "NEET" (young people not in employment, education or training) is becoming a serious social problem in the European Union due to the large scale of the phenomenon. For this reason, it arouses interest among politicians, academics and professionals involved in helping people excluded from the labour market and education system, including social workers. The NEET category, which is characterized in the article, are potential beneficiaries of social assistance. Attention will be focused on the scale of the phenomenon in Europe, the socio-economic determinants of belonging to the NEET group, the effects of remaining outside the education system and the labour market, as well as initiatives taken both at the EU level and in the Member States for socio-professional reintegration of people from the NEET group. Knowledge of the issue will allow directing assistance activities provided by social workers to people from the NEET group.

Examines principles of the Koran that are at odds with fundamentals of Italian law, especially those regarding marriage and family law, and calls for a revision of the 1929 law on non-Catholic religions, in context of heavy Islamic immigration to Italy. Summary in English.

More and more people around the world are using computer (video) games. The development of the gaming industry means increasing of its complexity in all aspects. Not only is the content represented in games continuously differentiating, but we also see the increasing diversity among their creators, users, researchers and the public. This article aims to draw attention to the possibility of using the concept of social capital in ludologists' research as well as in improving the quality of games and of the cooperation between social environments related with games. Social capital is understood here as a potential of interactions embedded in interpersonal ties and social norms, which can bring advantages for individuals, groups and societies. The author takes a closer look on: the main features of this multi-dimensional category; significant differences between human, social and cultural capital; as well as the positive and negative influences of social capital.