Suchergebnisse

Este libro seguramente se convertirá en una lectura obligada para los interesados en conocer los orígenes y debates iniciales del feminismo en los países del Cono Sur. La historiografia sobre el tema se ha concentrado en lo que se denomina el "Nuevo Feminismo", que cronológicamente coincide con los drásticos cambios políticos y la crisis de la deuda externa experimentados por los países del Cono Sur. La profusión de trabajos sobre el feminismo contemporáneo, (Jane Jaquette [1994], Patricia Chuchryk [1994], Carina Perelli [1994] y Maria del C. Feijoó [1994]) deja la falsa impresión de que las mujeres salieron a la arena política solo en los tiempos en que se instauraron las dictaduras militares, y luego, para ocupar el espacio de acción política abierto por las nuevas democracias. El libro de Lavrin saca a la luz una historia que apenas se adivinaba en los enunciados obligados de la "contextualización histórica" de rigor. Lavrin nos descubre un mundo rico en experiencias, en luchas y en logros; con lenguaje ameno, con profesionalismo en el uso de las fuentes, Lavrin nos enseña que las mujeres, operando desde el marco de sus roles tradicionales de esposas y madres, hicieron público lo que una vez fue algo exclusivo de la esfera privada, buscando soluciones colectivas a problemas que se creían asuntos domésticos individuales.

A Spanish-language version of SA 35:5/87S19998/ISA/1986/5517.

The main analytical approaches of Latin American sociology since the 1950s are discussed. The sociology of development, or modernization, which is based on the dichotomy development/underdevelopment, remains predominant. Although challenged in the 1960s, it has acquired new relevance with modern conditions, eg, industrial reconversion, increased productivity, Ur growth, & foreign debt, which have thrown into relief the problems of political stability & economic development. In this light, a critical analysis is presented of Gino Germani's work, especially Politica y sociedad en una epoca de transicion ([Politics and Society in an Epoch of Transition] Buenos Aires: Paidos, 1968). Germani's approach is basically that of structural functionalism. His theory of modernization & conception of change are examined. Some criticisms are made on the theoretical, methodological, & historico-social levels. Contradictions within the reality of development in contemporary Latin America are discussed. A new problematic is coming to the fore, in which the dichotomy capitalism/socialism is important. C. Waters

Argues that the social sciences in Mexican academia have had to shift their modes of knowledge production according to the country's social & economic upheavals, using as examples the monetary crisis of 1976 & society's response to new forms of government action in the 1990s. The university social science classroom traditionally centers on how something comes to be known. The 1976 devaluation of the peso & the subsequent economic crisis forced social science faculties to adopt a much more critical & dynamic approach to understanding the ongoing political & economic changes. In the 1990s, it is contended that Enrique Suarez-Iniguez's 1998 application of Karl Popper to the Mexican social situation also represented an academic response to national upheaval, one drawing on a rationalist examination of the law & political ethics to better understand the country's rapid political diversification. Adapted from the source document.

An attempt to evaluate the main sociological & philosophical theories of social change, focusing on the Third World & the present time (ie, the approach of the twenty-first century). The validity of existing theories is questioned, based on differences in the historical development of countries that underwent colonization, & the European/North American ethnocentrism at the origin of these theories & their interpretations of reality, which are shaped by moral & political values rather than an analytical approach. Having demonstrated the subjectivity of many concepts, it is suggested that the task of sociology is to rethink these concepts, not in order to relativize or negate their contribution, but to give them a more general validity, taking into account the diversity of historical development & social structures in today's world. To achieve this, greater contact with the everyday reality of social change is necessary. AA Tr & Modified by C. Waters

The paper sets out from the postulate that all human progress is to be understood as a necessary developing of a universal order in which mankind is inmersed as himself and as a closely integrated part of the world that surrounds him (Nature), both aspects thus forming an indivisible whole that gives being to the above-mentioned universal order. It is felt that technical, scientific and economic progress has brought with it not only disorder but irreversible damage to man's natural habitat and thus to himself. As a consequence, it is argued, within this natural order, there is now a fundamental conflict as to its subject matter as between free persons at liberty to contract and set up legal relationships with others such and the legal standing of other goods and beings (the rest of this universal order) to whom such rights are not granted within the scope of the present day subjective and man-centred laws in force. The paper therefore suggests that within the limits of a warrantable development that it terms 'ecocentric', that there should be an overall reconsideration of the legal inter-relationships within the social Legal State that would endow Nature as such with legal rights, this on the basis of such ecological principles and categories as would give rise to an Ecologically Law Abiding State, the postulates of which, the paper also contains. ; Se parte de la idea central de que el progreso social humano es el necesario desarrollo del orden universal, en el que el hombre se halla inmerso dentro de él y en estrecha relación con el medio exterior (Naturaleza), formando una totalidad indisoluble que articula dicho orden (ecología). Pero el progreso científicotécnico y económico está implicando desórdenes y lesiones irreversibles en el medio natural y, por tanto, en el propio hombre. En dicho orden fundamental se desarrolla el conflicto esencial entre los sujetos del Derecho, basados en la libertad de las personas con autonomia y voluntad para contratar y establecer relaciones jurídicas con otros sujetos, y la posición jurídica objetiva de otros bienes o seres (los demás elementos del orden natural), a los que no se les reconoce tales facultades en el actual subjetivo y antropocéntrico Derecho positivo. La propuesta, formulada en el seno de un desarrollo sostenible o "ecocéntrico", aboga por una reconsideración globalizadora de las relaciones jurídicas en el Estado social de Derecho que reconozca el valor jurídico propio de la Naturaleza, partiendo de categorías y principios ecológicos que doten de contenido a un Estado Ecológico de Derecho, cuyos postulados básicos se enumeran.

The last decades of XIX century in Spain, framed between the failure of the revolution of 1868 and the disaster of 1898, constitute a decisive and controverted stage in the social transformations that, although limited and delayed, culminated the century with women's participation in politics. The revolutionary enthusiasm of the Sexenio defended the rights of all citizen without aiming to undermine the foundations of the hegemonic class and women's role as wives and mothers in society. The permanence of the structures of the old Regime, as well as the social control carried out by the Catholic Church, prevented the formation of strong social movements in favour of women's equality. This was the main reason why Feminism arrived with delay in Spanish society and when it did, the socioeconomic circumstances complicated its spreading and development. ; Las últimas décadas del siglo XIX español, enmarcadas entre el fracaso de la revolución de 1868 y el desastre de 1898, constituyen una etapa decisiva y controvertida en las transformaciones sociales que, aunque limitadas y tardías, culminaron el siglo propiciando la participación política de las mujeres. El entusiasmo revolucionario del Sexenio defendió los derechos de todo ciudadano, pero en ningún caso intentó socavar los cimientos de la sociedad establecida, ni cuestionó el papel tradicional de la mujer como esposa y madre. La pervivencia de las estructuras del Antiguo Régimen y el control social que seguía ejerciendo la Iglesia Católica impidieron que en el siglo XIX se detectaran movimientos que contemplaran a la mujer como un individuo en igualdad de condiciones con el hombre. Ésta fue la principal razón que alcanza a justificar por qué el feminismo llegó tarde a las mujeres españolas y, cuando por fin lo hizo, por qué no encontró las circunstancias socioeconómicas que requería para su arraigo y desarrollo.

Las últimas décadas del siglo XIX español, enmarcadas entre el fracaso de la revolución de 1868 y el desastre de 1898, constituyen una etapa decisiva y controvertida en las transformaciones sociales que, aunque limitadas y tardías, culminaron el siglo propiciando la participación política de las mujeres. El entusiasmo revolucionario del Sexenio defendió los derechos de todo ciudadano, pero en ningún caso intentó socavar los cimientos de la sociedad establecida, ni cuestionó el papel tradicional de la mujer como esposa y madre. La pervivencia de las estructuras del Antiguo Régimen y el control social que seguía ejerciendo la Iglesia Católica impidieron que en el siglo XIX se detectaran movimientos que contemplaran a la mujer como un individuo en igualdad de condiciones con el hombre. Ésta fue la principal razón que alcanza a justificar por qué el feminismo llegó tarde a las mujeres españolas y, cuando por fin lo hizo, por qué no encontró las circunstancias socioeconómicas que requería para su arraigo y desarrollo. ; The last decades of XIX century in Spain, framed between the failure of the revolution of 1868 and the disaster of 1898, constitute a decisive and controverted stage in the social transformations that, although limited and delayed, culminated the century with women's participation in politics. The revolutionary enthusiasm of the Sexenio defended the rights of all citizen without aiming to undermine the foundations of the hegemonic class and women's role as wives and mothers in society. The permanence of the structures of the old Regime, as well as the social control carried out by the Catholic Church, prevented the formation of strong social movements in favour of women's equality. This was the main reason why Feminism arrived with delay in Spanish society and when it did, the socioeconomic circumstances complicated its spreading and development.

The impact of global changes on Latin American culture & subjects & the recent rise of new social movements are considered. Postmodern global changes have led to great inequalities in the distribution of wealth, environmental damage, & a sense of personal helplessness. The locus of social changes has been in the political area, assisted by the market & technology. However, social subjects are not mere products of technology; clinical psychology & the social sciences can aid in understanding the postmodern social subject embedded in a culture. The role of politics & the nature of political culture in Mexico are discussed. 24 References. Adapted from the source document.