Suchergebnisse

Es ist zweckmäßig drei Ebenen zu unterscheiden, auf denen sozialer Wandel stattfindet: (1) die interpersonelle Ebene, wo sozialer Wandel geschieht in der Art, wie Leute sich in "face-to-face-Interaktionen" behandeln, (2) die institutionelle Ebene, wo sich durch Änderungen der Rollen- oder Regel-Strukturen die Institutionen wandeln, und (3) die globale Ebene, wo sich Macro-Strukturen ändern. In dem Papier wird die These aufgestellt, daß institutioneller und interpersoneller Wandel erklärt und geregelt werden kann, daß aber globaler Wandel von uns notwendigerweise nicht erklärt und nicht gemanaged werden kann. (LOÜbers)

Africans today in rejecting their European rulers do not reject their techniques of production & gov; they assert African control over them. Africa is passing through a process of change from small-scale to large-scale org, econ & pol'al; generalizations are impossible, but throughout Africa south of the Sahara production for exchange was less important than production for subsistence. It has, however, become part of a world system of production for exchange through incorporation in the pol'al systems of European nations. The consequent widening of the scale of soc relationships has had great effects on African society. The growth of towns produces a modern Ur society, & only there have the unifying forces of the modern pol'al & econ systems their effect. In all Africa local solidarity remains strong because so many local groups have until recently been autonomous pol'al units. The gulf between literate & illiterate is deep & there are great difficulties of staffing public services & industry. The whole pol'al system is superimposed on smaller-scale politics. The new rulers may yet afford tolerance of opposition; they must be authoritarian enough to maintain stability & yet not so oppressive as to provoke resistance. IPSA.

Develops a perspective on social transformation and social change. The perspective is described as social transformations as inadvertent consequences of adaptation. 5 adaptive phases since World War 11 are identified in their economic, political, military and cultural aspects. (Original abstract - amended)

Three aspects of Jordanian society on the East Bank of the River Jordan are examined: demographics, employment, & education. Migration & high birthrates have combined to double the population in the past 20 years. Over 50% of the population is under age 15 & concentrated in the governates & larger cities of the East Bank. The LF remains predominantly M, has decreased slightly, & is significantly influenced by the emigration rate & the immigration of non-Jordanian workers. Both the number of schools & students in Jordan have increased dramatically since the ealy 1950s; in particular, F enrollment has risen. The dropout rate & student-teacher ratio have declined, although a serious shortage of qualified teachers exists. 17 Tables. L. Holland

Develops a perspective on social transformation & social change that is best described as "social transformations as inadvertent consequences of adaptations." The major world transformations of the late 20th century -- continuing economic growth, continuing democratic revolution, new constellations of solidarity & identity, & the environmental crisis -- are not treated as master trends dictated by general evolutionary principles; rather, they are interpreted as unanticipated accumulations & precipitates of short-term adaptive strategies on the part of nations & groups of nations. Five adaptive phases since WWII are identified in their economic, political, military, & cultural aspects. 1 Photograph. Adapted from the source document.

Analyzes the ambivalence of most social scientists, who are more comfortable in analyzing & interpreting problems than in taking actions to solve them. Academic conferences & study, the media, the family, mainstream religion, & the state discourage people from acting. The university as an institution inspires decontextualization & intellectualization. The ambivalence of most social scientists about social change is due to the risk of making things worse & the socialization of consumerism. Activism is a way of testing the self, of opening to new discoveries of unknown strengths, vulnerabilities, virtures, & weaknesses. 2 References. L. Nguyen