Suchergebnisse

What are the main obstacles/challenges facing the civil society today? Whatcharacterizes an education for an active democratic citizenship, which isnow defined by multiple differences? Educational sciences play a pivotalrole in identifying guidelines and in making critical proposals to analyze potentialpatterns of democratic cooperation as well as to encourage the developmentof critical thinking. In effect, a poor education may lead to establisha mindset characterized by individualism, cult of personality, familyism,abuse of power, and criticism or indifference towards politics and socialproblems. Hence, what are the main quality school indicators that can bepromote active participation in social life? How schools can create and nurturea learning environment that empower individuals to broaden theirhorizons and to critically approach the reality? ; Quali ostacoli si frappongono oggi alla tenuta e alla crescita della societàcivile? Cosa caratterizza una cultura della cittadinanza attiva democraticaormai multipla, attraversata da molteplici differenze, e dunque ancor più,per necessità, socialmente equa e giusta?Grande è la responsabilità che grava sulle scienze pedagogiche impegnatead individuare direttrici di riferimento per l'analisi critica di possibili modellidi convivenza democratica, ma anche a contrastare il propagarsi di unacultura carica di atteggiamenti di rinuncia a mobilitare le proprie istanzeetiche. Un mondo della formazione inerte può, infatti, divenire funzionaleal diffondersi di mentalità gregaria, di culto della personalità, di familismo,di prevaricazione o, più semplicemente, di qualunquismo.Quali indicatori di qualità di riferimento per una partecipazione alla vita socialevolta ad includere senza omologare possono essere assunti, a partiredal sistema scolastico, l'accessibilità e la praticabilità di contesti e processiformativi che pongano ciascuno nelle condizioni di essere artefice di contrattazione con il mondo che lo circonda; non soltanto silenzioso interprete,ma agente insostituibile nel ...

During the '90s, we witnessed in Europe the spread of types of relationships between public administration and private organizations derived from the two main categories of contracting out and accreditation. These models, linked to the process of developing new modes of governance, also focus on forms of contracting between providers and users of services. This contractual configuration of local welfare systems seems to encourage "civil society" and recipients to play a more active role in designing interventions and putting them into practice. Nonetheless, many questions still remain, especially about the different position assumed by the beneficiaries in the case of intervention theoretically aimed to ensure or increase their "freedom of choice". This paper sets out to analyse these questions with specific reference to the implementation of the Italian legal reform of social assistance. only subscribers can see the full article. ; Sono ormai diversi anni che si discute, e si sperimenta, l'introduzione di contratti nelle politiche sociali in tutti i paesi europei1. La contrattualizzazione non è, probabilmente, la principale idea-guida che direziona gli assi dei cambiamenti degli strumenti di policy2, ma è senza dubbio una nozione dotata di una notevole forza attrattiva. L'idea di incorporare contratti e dimensioni contrattuali nelle politiche sociali, infatti, è in rapporto stretto col repertorio di idee, obiettivi e strumenti di policy sul quale fanno perno le riconfigurazioni approntate a livello europeo (Bifulco, Vitale, in corso di pubblicazione). Una delle parole chiave che più frequentemente viene associata alla contrattualizzazione è quella di "attivazione", non a caso, un'altra idea centrale per le rielaborazioni attuali della cittadinanza sociale (Borghi, 2005; Borghi, van Berkel, in corso di pubblicazione) (.).

During the '90s, we witnessed in Europe the spread of types of relationships between public administration and private organizations derived from the two main categories of contracting out and accreditation. These models, linked to the process of developing new modes of governance, also focus on forms of contracting between providers and users of services. This contractual configuration of local welfare systems seems to encourage "civil society" and recipients to play a more active role in designing interventions and putting them into practice. Nonetheless, many questions still remain, especially about the different position assumed by the beneficiaries in the case of intervention theoretically aimed to ensure or increase their "freedom of choice". This paper sets out to analyse these questions with specific reference to the implementation of the Italian legal reform of social assistance. only subscribers can see the full article. ; Sono ormai diversi anni che si discute, e si sperimenta, l'introduzione di contratti nelle politiche sociali in tutti i paesi europei1. La contrattualizzazione non è, probabilmente, la principale idea-guida che direziona gli assi dei cambiamenti degli strumenti di policy2, ma è senza dubbio una nozione dotata di una notevole forza attrattiva. L'idea di incorporare contratti e dimensioni contrattuali nelle politiche sociali, infatti, è in rapporto stretto col repertorio di idee, obiettivi e strumenti di policy sul quale fanno perno le riconfigurazioni approntate a livello europeo (Bifulco, Vitale, in corso di pubblicazione). Una delle parole chiave che più frequentemente viene associata alla contrattualizzazione è quella di "attivazione", non a caso, un'altra idea centrale per le rielaborazioni attuali della cittadinanza sociale (Borghi, 2005; Borghi, van Berkel, in corso di pubblicazione) (.).

International audience ; Electronic democracy represents a new communication space consisting of a set of tools and tecnological models aimed at increasing citizens participation in the decision making moments of public action. It supports participation in more properly political democratic processes and thedetermination of public choices.

According to Russell Hardin, the rational choice approach to politics offers "devastating theoretical claims for any conception of democracy that implies a minimum degree of coherence of collective choice, information & participation." This essay argues that such conclusion is misplaced. The author discusses two classes of results, derived respectively from social choice theory & game theory, both of them pointing to a gap between individual & collective rationality. These theoretical results are better understood as benchmarks against which comparing alternative explanations of political outcomes. For instance, disequilibrium results from social choice theory imply that political outcomes cannot be explained only on the basis of individual preferences, but also on the basis of the rules aggregating them. The downsian paradoxes -- complete convergence of candidates/parties, voters' rational abstention & rational ignorance -- are a starting point for more complete explanations of electoral competition & electoral participation. Finally, the game theoretical analysis of collective action problems can provide useful insights in order to understand classic problems in democratic theory, such as transition to democracy & democratic stability. In short, while many results of the rational approach to politics are better interpreted as limitative theorems, ignoring them would make analysis of democracy much poorer. References. Adapted from the source document.

Heritage promotion through the Internet finds a privileged context in Great Britain, where the understanding of the relationship between places and cultural memory has led to a widespread awareness of the importance the historical and ethnological patrimony of the territory holds for the public. It is the emergence of heritage politics that has inspired the choice to analyze a sample of websites of British institutions concerned with heritage preservation, in order to identify the communicative strategies, digital genres and text types that may be selected as examples of the best practices of online remediation of the cultural landscape. Worthy of note is the skillful use of social media like Facebook, Twitter and YouTube, now embedded within the websites, and currently the most interesting innovation in terms of content circulation across different platforms and creation of community networks. Following this intercultural perspective, the analysis may be turned from Great Britain to Italy in order to examine the websites of the city and province of Bergamo as a case study. Also in view of the Expo Milano 2015, Bergamo is working to renovate the representation of its territory and narrate its cultural heritage to a 'glocal' public of citizens and a wide selection of visitors including tourists, businesspeople, students and scientists. Networking through social media might indeed mark a step ahead in the city's rebranding effort and leave a meaningful legacy to the region.

The ceremony of conferring a doctor honoris causa degree in economics, politics, & international institutions on Amartya Sen, held at the U of Pavia on 17 June 2005, is related. The opening speech by this university's rector, Roberto Schmid, is followed by Enrica Chiappero Martinetti & Salvatore Veca, who present the conferee's scholarly contributions; the former's laudatio (laudation) recognizes him as a laureate of the Nobel Prize in economics for 1998 & outlines his theory of social choices, conception of human development, & research in the relationship between human rights & democracy. In his acceptance lecture, Sen discusses the treatment of persons with physical or mental disability in theories of ethics & justice. He critiques utilitarianism, the opulence-based approach, & John Rawls's (1971) theory of justice, pointing out their shortcomings in addressing the problem of fairness in the treatment of the disabled in contemporary societies. It is argued that the neglect of this issue by the main schools of thought in theories of justice resulted in biased practical policies & inaction in fulfilling the social obligation toward the disabled. Distinguishing between earning handicap & conversion (ie, the ability to convert income & resources into good living) handicap, the disabled are argued to be severely impaired by the combination of the two. References. Z. Dubiel