Suchergebnisse

The subject of this research is to develop the major directions of complex socio-ecological-economic development of Moscow based on the best examples of the development of foreign cities. In the context of rapid growth of the metropolis, Moscow faces a number of environmental, infrastructure and other problems requiring complex solutions. Many developed countries have accumulated significant experience in solving typical problems of mega-cities. The analysis of foreign experience has shown that certain positive shifts are only possible with case by case approach. However, sustainable effect can be achieved through long-term strategic planning development of the city from the perspective of the population growth. Problems requiring complex solutions can be divided into three groups: environmental, social, infrastructural. The analysis of foreign experience shows that a successful promotion strategy for city development requires certain prerequisites, such as: 1) coordination between political choice and strategic planning development of the city; 2) stabilization of the population and reduction of its density. The last factor is very important, and here it is impossible to do without some of territorial planning at the Federal level.

The regulatory and legal framework, a review of internationally coordinated standards and recommendations, delicts and responsibilities in the sphere of utilization, recycling and processing of wastes are considered. The ecological and legal issues of utilization and processing waste according to the experience of foreign countries and the European Approach to use of waste were studied. Legal advice on advancing the use of waste in the Republic of Uzbekistan was given.

The author studies environmental insurance in nature management as a lever of management measures to prevent and eliminate environmental pollution by oil products during their transportation and oil fields development. The research aims to develop recommendations for environmental risks insurance in Russian oil and gas industry on the basis of economic and mathematical model that allows to estimate the scale of environmental pollution by oil products. Such methods as system and comparative analysis, expert assessments, forecasting, modeling used in this work helped the author to identify Russian environmental insurance features; to propose a method for solving the problem concerning the lack of statistical data on the frequency and scale of accidents and the environmental damage magnitude by mathematical modeling of the accident, which allows to estimate the radius and depth of the underlying surface pollution. These developments will help insurers to make more adequate insurance premiums and tariffs, as well as to improve the underwriting procedure for unique oil and gas projects. But in order for the obtained achievements to find their application, it is necessary to have legislation obliging oil companies to compensate for environmental damage, and due to the scale of such damage, oil companies will be obliged to insure the relevant risks.

Статья посвящена этимологическому анализу экзоэтнонима «чеченцы», в толковании которого нет единого мнения среди исследователей. Показано, что в основе образования этнонима лежит лексема чачие, которая удачно вписалась в чеченский язык из тюркской языковой среды. В топонимической картине Чечни лексема чачие является ландшафтно-географическим термином, обозначающим некоторые превосходные особенности определенной территории. Появление этого тюркизма в названии долины, а за одно и одноименного поселения, могло произойти, начиная с VII века, т.е. намного раньше, чем известные события XIII-XIVвв., с которыми связывают название села Чечана (Чечен-аул). Культурные контакты народов Северного Кавказа с тюркским миром и странами Востока существовали издавна. Возникновение экзоэтнонима «чеченцы» связывают, как правило, с красноречием, внешней красотой и щегольством чеченцев. Однако, по мнению автора статьи, экзоэтноним «чеченцы» имеет прямое отношение к благоприятной и живописной оазисной долине – чачие – на берегу реки Аргун, и в переводе означает «жители оазиса». Со временем это наименование перешло на весь народ.

The article is about the specifics of a new form of social control - the global social control. The author analyzes the development of global institutions, their formation as subjects of social control. Particular attention is paid to the characteristic of features of global social control in different spheres of social life.

In modern conditions, the interaction of society and nature is often manifested in the emergence, reconstruction, modernization of various types of economic objects, which is necessarily accompanied by a change in parameters, qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the environment. The magnitude and mass character of such transformations cause environmental implications in accordance with the presumption of the negative impact of economic objects of various degrees of adversity. The latter, with an impressive rate, have transformed socio-economic growth into a category with significant negative anthropogenic factors, limiting or minimizing which is the key to the effective survival of mankind. A profound understanding of this fact contributed to the emergence of many environmental protection strategies and concepts that proposed various ways of harmonizing the interaction of society and nature. However, a small fraction of them was of a preventive nature. Among the ways, methods, mechanisms that would ensure an environmentally safe environment, preventing negative environmental implications were environmental assessment, environmental expertise, strategic environmental assessment and environmental impact assessment. Being genetically interrelated, they became an effective means of environmental policy at the level of regions or countries.The publication analyzes the latest legislation that regulates the sequence and the procedure of conducting environmental impact assessment as a tool for identifying all possible environmental implications of the planned activities. The organizational and legal aspects of implementation of separate stages in the procedure of environmental impact assessment are specified. The ways of realization of interaction of subjects of environmental impact assessment with the aim of preventing environmental harm, ensuring environmental safety, environmental protection, rational use and reproduction of natural resources, in the process of making decisions on conducting economic ...

The article analyzes the «active» approach to the description of human potential and the system of readiness of individuals and communities to perform social roles and functions, such as needs and abilities. While human potential is based on» abilities «and abilities are based on» needs», the category of capital is embodied as» choice», that is, the mechanism that manages needs and abilities. Also, when interpreting the socio-economic aspects of human and collective characteristics, the «purchase» function (material wealth, knowledge, social relations, influence) is currently used, which is the basis of their capital needs, and since economic resources, i.e. real estate, stocks, business aspects, etc., have been studied using sociological classifications that embody current trends. The potential unity and integrity of the chosen society or state is formed primarily by its ethnic and national-cultural composition, and the meaning of life is provided. Another important component — the need to maintain professionalism and contributing to the demographic jump, is the «labor» factor. Work is an activity in which individuals and communities create products and services of individual, social significance. In sociology, the sectoral component of human capital is provided by the norms, rules, trust relationships, mutual obligations, responsibility, and solidarity that govern social relations between people. These centers can be called collective unifying forces of human potential and capabilities. In the context of Uzbekistan, this is done by the mahalla system, which is recognized as a self-governing body. The main objectives of the development of the network component of human capital are to maintain and strengthen direct links with the social environment on a positive basis, reduce or eliminate negative aspects, and achieve systematic development of the potential of individuals and communities. Socio-cultural and economic-political changes in society have a unique impact on each person and are reflected in public opinion. Needs and interests lead to the formation of a paternalistic attitude of the state to public opinion, and it largely justifies itself for the implementation of social capital.

The article analyzes the «active» approach to the description of human potential and the system of readiness of individuals and communities to perform social roles and functions, such as needs and abilities. While human potential is based on» abilities «and abilities are based on» needs», the category of capital is embodied as» choice», that is, the mechanism that manages needs and abilities. Also, when interpreting the socio-economic aspects of human and collective characteristics, the «purchase» function (material wealth, knowledge, social relations, infl uence) is currently used, which is the basis of their capital needs, and since economic resources, i.e. real estate, stocks, business aspects, etc., have been studied using sociological classifi cations that embody current trends. The potential unity and integrity of the chosen society or state is formed primarily by its ethnic and national-cultural composition, and the meaning of life is provided. Another important component — the need to maintain professionalism and contributing to the demographic jump, is the «labor» factor. Work is an activity in which individuals and communities create products and services of individual, social significance. In sociology, the sectoral component of human capital is provided by the norms, rules, trust relationships, mutual obligations, responsibility, and solidarity that govern social relations between people. These centers can be called collective unifying forces of human potential and capabilities. In the context of Uzbekistan, this is done by the mahalla system, which is recognized as a self-governing body. The main objectives of the development of the network component of human capital are to maintain and strengthen direct links with the social environment on a positive basis, reduce or eliminate negative aspects, and achieve systematic development of the potential of individuals and communities. Socio-cultural and economic-political changes in society have a unique impact on each person and are reflected in public opinion. Needs and interests lead to the formation of a paternalistic attitude of the state to public opinion, and it largely justifies itself for the implementation of social capital.

Introduction. In the past few decades there has been a revolution in computing and communications, and all indications are that technological progress and use of information technology will continue at a rapid pace. Informational technologies (IT) affect all of the social processes in the societyboth globally and for each separately taken country and region. Nowadays we are talking about informational society and "global village", in which the main problems and tasks are ways for the acquisition, storage, processing and dissemination of information, and also its accumulation and systematization. Now information is resource and commodity. The result of this is the creation and development not only of new industries, new jobs, new science, but also until recently extinction of traditional occupations and industries classic.Purpose of the article is to describe some issues in the field how the information technologies influence humans, their existence and social processes. What is their role for human development? Is it a new revolution? Theory keeps arguing about heading to "informational" or "network" society, and the effect from global transformations to human civilization. Results. Many people say that technologies have direct influence to the public relations. The newest trends in these systems, their role of the adolescents and how internet changes peoples` mentality has been researched for years. On one side we can see the negative consequence – people think that all the entertainments, access to information and technology improvement could lead to increase crisis in communication. Another negative results of the technology, is the total loss of privacy and private space, as well as the permanent digital connection with the working place. Concerns are each and every aspect of our life will be monitored and recorded from the Government, conglomerates and even – banks. Conclusions. As it became clear, decade after decade the technology and technological innovations are becoming more and more popular among researchers. It can be summarized that there are two main opinions, on the completely opposite ends – first one is the positive – the technology brings joy and happiness, and the other one – the negative – that technology will destroy the mankind. They are dozens of researches, thoughts, developments and expectations. We are aware of the interest of the impact of technology upon life. Researching the influential mechanism and impact of new technology upon society, culture and values, became invariable part of scientific knowledge. As an addition of the above, it can be summarized that the past time and space oriented limits today are being overcome. Working with network communication environment is an everyday practice now.

Constitutionally guaranteed validity of international treaties, ratified by the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine and the fact that they are appeared to be a part of national legislation determines the relevance of international legal approaches in the development of national environmental legislation. The article analyses the international environmental monitoring regulations in order to implement their provisions into Ukrainian environmental legislation. The authors propose the new ways of the environmental science development and amendments to the national legal regulations in the field of environmental monitoring.

The article investigates European approaches to legal regulation of relations on the implementation of environmental monitoring in order to adapt national environmental legislation to the legislation of the European Union and to eliminate deficiencies and gaps. The purpose of this article is to study the legal nature of environmental monitoring with the help of sources of international environmental law and environmental law of the European Union, cooperation of the countries of the world with the participation of Ukraine.

The objective of this article is making proposals regarding the consideration of European legal and international approaches to the regulation of relations on the implementation of environmental monitoring in the current legislation of Ukraine. In order to improve legal regulation of environmental monitoring in Ukraine, it is suggested to support the adoption of the Law of Ukraine on Environmental Monitoring; to eliminate the fragmentation in the creation of subordinate regulatory mechanism for of environmental monitoring; to continue the research in the field of international environmental law implementation, taking into account European approaches. The methodological basis of the study comprises general scientific and special cognitive methods: formal-logical and logical-semantic methods, a method of system analysis and a method of interpretation of legal norms are used. These methods application contributes d to substantiating proposals for improving the provisions of the current Ukrainian legislation in the field under study.

Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) management is one of the most pressing complex issues of a regional scale. The fire accident at the Lviv landfill "Hrybovychy", that took place in 2016 had forced the impetus for its closure and reclamation. Hrybovychy landfill is one of the most environmentally hazardous sites in Ukraine and the third-largest in Europe. The landfill contains 12–15 million tons of waste, covers an area of 38.8 ha and is 60–70 m high. The publication aims to discuss the shortcomings identified during the critical analysis of materials and procedures for environmental impact assessment (EIA), which is the first and mandatory step of ecological assessment of project activity under current legislation. The international aspect of the study is determined by the geographical location of the site and several international environmental agreements to which Ukraine is a party. A review of the available technical documentation and scientific literature revealed many hazards that were insufficiently taken into account and assessed within the EIA implementation. In particular, underestimation of geological pollution, the possibility of secondary self-ignition, transboundary migration of emitted and discharged hazardous pollutants, technical details of landfill cover, financial issues and particularly social aspects, disclosure of environmental information and access to it, public health, etc. The world practice of reclamation of such facilities gives high priority to environmental and social impact assessment (ESIA). The practice of implementing EIA in Ukraine focuses mainly on the technical aspects of the planned activity, without due attention to the social impact. Public access to environmental information is often difficult or lacking Stakeholders from the public do not have sufficient tools to influence decision-making in case of objections or significant comments on the implementation of the planned activities. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a thorough and open discussion on improving EIA / ESIA procedures in Ukraine. ; Поводження з твердими побутовими відходами (ТПВ) є однією із найбільш актуальних комплексних проблем регіонального масштабу. Аварія на Львівському звалищі ТПВ Грибовичі», де у 2016 році сталась масштабна пожежа, стала поштовхом для його закриття та рекультивації. Грибовицьке звалище ТПВ є одним із найбільш екологічно небезпечних об'єктів в Україні та третім за величиною в Європі. Звалище містить 12–15 мільйонів тон відходів, займає площу 38,8 га при висоті 60–70 м. Публікація спрямована на обговорення недоліків, виявлених при критичному аналізі матеріалів та процедури оцінки впливу на довкілля (ОВД), яка є першим і обов'язковим кроком екологічної оцінки проектної діяльності відповідно до чинного законодавства. Географічне розташування об'єкту та ряд міжнародних угод в сфері захисту довкілля, стороною яких є Україна, обумовлюють міжнародний аспект дослідження. Огляд доступної технічної документації та наукової літератури виявив ряд небезпек, які виявились недостатньо врахованими та оціненими в рамках здійснення ОВД. Зокрема, недооцінка забруднення геологічного середовища, можливості повторного самозаймання, трансграничної міграції небезпечних викидів та скидів, технічні деталі накриття звалища, фінансові питання, соціальні аспекти, розкриття інформації та доступ до неї зацікавлених сторін, охорона здоров'я населення тощо. Світова практика рекультивації подібних об'єктів надає вагомий пріоритет оцінці впливу на навколишнє та соціальне середовище (ОВНСС). Практика впровадження ОВД в Україні зосереджена головним чином на технічних аспектах планованої діяльності, без належної уваги до соціальної складової впливів. Доступ громадськості до екологічної інформації часто ускладнений або відсутній. Зацікавлені особи від громадськості не мають достатніх інструментів впливу на ухвалення рішень у разі наявності заперечень чи істотних зауважень до реалізації планованої діяльності. Отже, є нагальна потреба у ґрунтовній та відкритій дискусії щодо вдосконалення процедур ОВД/ОВНСС в Україні.