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When Bechara Choucair was a young doctor, he learned an important lesson: treating a patient for hypothermia does little good if she has to spend the next night out in the freezing cold. As health commissioner of Chicago, he was determined to address the societal causes of disease and focus the city's resources on its most vulnerable populations. That targeted approach has led to dramatic successes, such as lowering rates of smoking, teen pregnancy, breast cancer mortalities, and other serious ills.In Precision Community Health, Choucair shows how those successes can be replicated and expanded around the country. The key is to use advanced technologies to identify which populations are most at risk for specific health threats and avert crises before they begin. Big data makes precision community health possible. But in our increasingly complex world, we also need new strategies for developing effective coalitions, media campaigns, and policies. This book showcases four innovations that move public health departments away from simply dispensing medical care and toward supporting communities to achieve true well-being.The approach Choucair pioneered in Chicago requires broadening our thinking about what constitutes public health. It is not simply about access to a doctor, but access to decent housing, jobs, parks, food, and social support. It also means acknowledging that a one-size-fits-all strategy may exacerbate inequities. By focusing on those most in need, we create an agenda that is simultaneously more impactful and more achievable. The result is a wholesale change in the way public health is practiced and in the well-being of all our communities

Front Cover -- Title Page -- Endorsements -- Copyright Page -- Full Title Page -- Acknowledgements -- Table of Contents -- About the author -- Introduction -- CHAPTER 1: What Do We Mean by Office Politics? -- CHAPTER 2: So Do You Want The Good News or The Bad News? -- Politics are inevitable and inescapable -- Politics exist on a spectrum -- Identifying political pathology -- Being good at politics is critical for your career success -- CHAPTER 3: Political and Power Players -- Four types of political players -- Different types of power -- Developing a power grid for your environment -- In conclusion -- Exercise: How much power do you have? -- CHAPTER 4: How to Become Better at Office Politics -- Political Skill Self-assessment -- Interpersonal influence -- Understanding relationship types -- Managing stakeholders -- Exercise: Getting the support and allies you need47 -- Social awareness -- Understanding the leverage equation -- Exercise: How much leverage do you have? -- Keeping things Win/Win -- Managing the perceptions others have of you -- Exercise: The Brand called You -- Development Activities identified by CCL -- Networking -- Exercise: Audit your network and networking style -- Development Activities identified by CCL -- Sincerity -- Apologising - properly - when it is called for -- Development Activities identified by CCL -- In conclusion -- CHAPTER 5: A Few Political Mistakes You ReallyShould Avoid -- Mistake #1: Becoming The Problem -- Self-assessment: How good are you at self-management? -- Mistake #2: Getting the leverage equation wrong -- Underestimating your leverage -- Overestimating your leverage -- Mistake #3: Being one person's person -- Mistake #4: Failing to (even try to) convert adversariesto allies -- Mistake #5: Making unnecessary adversaries or foes -- Mistake #6: Not accepting or understanding the realityof organisations.

Front Cover -- About the Author -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- Prologue -- My raised consciousness -- 1. Women's Bodies -- 1.1 What Is a Woman? -- Women with penises: Queer Theory -- Transwomen are women: Get over it -- Affirmative psychology: A man is a woman if he says he is -- 1.2 Shaming Gender Critical Feminists -- Intersectional feminism -- 1.3 A Woman Is an Adult Human Female -- Women's bodies and binary sex -- Pregnancy and reproduction -- Pregnant men -- Reclaiming biology -- Gender neutrality -- Lesbians: Same-sex attraction or 'lesbians' with penises? -- Lesbians are adult human females -- Patriarchy -- 2. Girls' Bodies -- 2.1 The 'Transboy' -- Trans affirmative psychotherapy -- A girl is a boy if she says she is -- The 'transboy' and 'his' body: Hormone therapy -- The 'transboy's' 'existential choice' to use hormone treatment -- 2.2 A Girl Is a Young Human Female -- Sex/Gender -- Clinical psychology -- Muzzling dissent -- 2.3 The Sacrificial 'Transboy' -- Child 'consent' to medical treatment -- The iatrogenic 'transboy' -- The body -- Detransitioners: Kiera Bell -- 3. The Male Body Politic -- 3.1 Queering the Law and Social Policy -- The Gender Recognition Act 2004 -- 'Feminist' politicians speak with one voice -- The erosion of single-sex spaces -- A Woman's Place is standing her ground -- 3.2 The Trans Human Rights Paradigm -- Women's prisons -- The case of Karen White -- The authoritarian Left: The case of the Labour Party -- Intersectional feminism revisited -- 4. The Naked Emperor -- 4.1 Sex Matters -- Diversity and exclusion -- 4.2 The Butlerian Jihad -- 4.3 The Transgender Empire -- 'The Gender Industrial Complex' -- Big business dressed in civil rights clothes -- Reform of the Gender Recognition Act (GRA) -- Conclusion -- Epilogue -- References -- Acknowledgements.

From fields of poppies to a national crisis / Michael T. Compton, M.D., M.P.H., Marc W. Manseau, M.D., M.P.H -- Prescription opioids / Julian Santaella-Tenorio, M.P.H., Luis E. Segura, M.D., M.P.H., Vitor S. Tardelli, M.D., Leila M. Vaezazizi, M.D., Silvia S. Martins, M.D., Ph.D -- Heroin and other illicit opioids / Abhishek Jain, M.D., Carl E. Fisher, M.D -- Opioid overdose, toxicity, and poisoning / Nathaniel Kunzler, M.D., Katherine Devin, M.D., Kavita Babu, M.D., Edward W. Boyer, M.D., Ph.D -- The opioid epidemic : social determinants and health inequities / Leila M. Vaezazizi, M.D., Julie Netherland, Ph.D., Helena Hansen, M.D., Ph.D -- Opioid use disorder and medical comorbidity / Aaron Fox, M.D., M.S., Benjamin Hayes, M.D., M.P.H., M.S.W -- Opioid use disorder and psychiatric comorbidity / Marc W. Manseau, M.D., M.P.H., Michael T. Compton, M.D., M.P.H -- Assessment and care of patients with opioid use disorder / Snehal Bhatt, M.D., Bellelizabeth Foster, M.D., Vanessa Jacobsohn, M.D., Paul Romo, M.D., Tyler Seybert, M.D., Roxanne Russell, M.D -- Opioid withdrawal management and transition to treatment / Matisyahu Shulman, M.D., Arthur Robin Williams, M.D., M.B.E., Adam Bisaga, M.D -- Medication-assisted treatment for opioid use disorders / Leslie Marino, M.D., M.P.H., Sarah Oreck, M.D., M.S., Samuel Kolander, M.D -- Psychosocial approaches to the treatment of opioid use disorder / Karen L. Dugosh, Ph.D., David S. Festinger, Ph.D., S. Brook Burkley, M.S.W -- Harm reduction : caring for people who misuse opioids / Sharon Stancliff, M.D., Bethany Medley, M.S.W., William Mathews, R.P.A-C -- Prevention of opioid misuse and addiction through policy approaches / Tauheed Zaman, M.D., Leo Beletsky, J.D., M.P.H., Keith A. Hermanstyne, M.D., M.P.H., M.S.H.P.M -- Performance measures and quality improvement for the opioid epidemic / Arthur Robin Williams, M.D., M.B.E

Managing and protecting a company's brand is one of the most important jobs of the chief marketing officer, the chief executive officer, and the board. It used to be that marketers' greatest challenge was convincing a consumer to try their product and stick with it--beer, apps, cars, what have you. But the challenges facing brands have gotten far more complex, and the stakes have grown higher when marketing in the #FakeNews Era. Leaders must now address a highly polarized marketplace, in which consumers are energized by their tribal affiliations to take action for or against brands based on their perceived values, beliefs, and biases. They also face grim potential consequences--ranging from share loss to job loss--when things go wrong. Should your brand take social and political stands or keep quiet? What are the benefits and risks of weighing in versus sitting on the sidelines? Is embracing brand purpose good for business or wasteful self-indulgence? Can a CEO's misbehavior in a taxi cab one day bring a PR crisis the next? What happens when the public calls you out on a political position you didn't even mean to take? This book tackles questions like these, outlining how a company must carefully navigate the waters of the #FakeNews Era, where moral scrutiny and consumer outrage abound. Here you'll find strategic and tactical guidance on how to prepare yourself for what may lie ahead, because you won't have time to puzzle it out when you get that dreaded late-night call from PR

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Foreword -- Editors -- Contributors -- Section I: Introduction -- 1. What makes research primary care research? -- 2. Ontology and epistemology, methodology and method, and research paradigms -- 3. How to choose your topic and define your research question -- Section II: Innovative approaches to primary care research -- 4. Interdisciplinary research approaches in primary care -- 5. Combining quantitative and qualitative methods -- 6. Authentic engagement, co-creation and action research -- 7. Development and use of primary care research networks -- 8. Using big data in primary care research -- 9. Conducting primary care research using social media -- 10. Quality improvement research in primary care -- 11. Programme evaluation in primary care -- Section III: Preliminary steps to doing primary care research -- 12. How to prepare your research proposal -- 13. How to ensure your research follows ethical principles -- 14. How to search and critically appraise the literature -- Section IV: Methods and techniques for doing primary care research -- 15. Taking stock of existing research: Approach to conducting a systematic review -- 16. Statistics in primary care research -- 17. How to conduct a survey in primary care -- 18. Validation studies: Validating new tools and adapting old ones to new contexts -- 19. Clinical and other diagnostic tests: Understanding their predictive value -- 20. How to conduct observational studies -- 21. Randomised trials in primary care -- 22. Grounded theory -- 23. Doing interpretive phenomenological primary care research -- 24. Why ethnography is an important part of primary care research and how it is done -- 25. Case study -- 26. Interactional analysis of primary care consultations -- Section V: How to disseminate your research

Intro -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction: Starting at the End / Rebecca Williams -- Part One. Exploring Music Fandom -- 1. Remembering R.E.M.: Social Media, Memories, and Endings within Music Fandom / Lucy Bennett -- 2. " I'll Never Break Your Heart" : The Perpetual Fandom of the Backstreet Boys / Simone Driessen -- 3. " My Music Was on Shuffle, One of Their Songs Came On, and I Had to Hit Next . . .": Navigating Grief and Disgust in Lostprophets Fandom / Bethan Jones -- Part Two. Televisual Anniversaries, Endings, and Fan/Producer Relationships -- 4. Breaking Up with Breaking Bad: Relational Dissolution and the Critically Acclaimed AMC Series / Melissa A. Click and Holly Wilson Holladay -- 5. Fan Euthanasia: A Thin Line between Love and Hate / Paul Booth -- 6. Endings in Soap Opera: Fan Anticipation, Speculation, and Reaction to EastEnders' 30th Anniversary Storyline / Stuart Bell and Ruth A. Deller -- 7. "Is This What You Call a Breakup?": The Cancellation of Merlin, Perceived Producer Disloyalty, and "Television-as-Lover" Fandom / Joseph Brennan -- 8. Hannibal's Refrigerator: Bryan Fuller's Response to Fans' (Critical) Rage / Evelyn Deshane -- Part Three. Fan Works, Adaptations, and Endings -- 9. The Repurposed Fantasy: Dōjinshi and the Japanese Media Mix / Anya Benson -- 10. When Production Is Over: Creating Narrative Closure in Fan Edits / Nicolle Lamerichs -- 11. Creating Canon through Kickstarter: Star Trek Continues / Nichola Dobson -- Part Four. Fandom and the Loss of Space and Place -- 12. Replacing Maelstrom: Theme Park Fandom, Place, and the Disney Brand / Rebecca Williams -- 13. "The World's Turned Inside Out, and We Can Never Go Home Anymore": Punchdrunk's Site-Specific Theater and Fan Interaction / Emily Garside

Front Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Information -- Table of Contents -- Foreword -- Acknowldgments -- Preface -- About This Book -- The Health Benefits Package: Bringing Universal Health Coverage from Rhetoric to Reality -- Revisiting and Reformulating: How Explicit Benefit Packages Have Helped Mexico Move toward Universal Health Coverage -- Part I: Goverancne and Process -- Defining the Rules of the Game: Good Governance Principles for the Design and Revision of the Health Benefits Package -- Tracking the Benefits Package from Paper to Practice: Monitoring and Evaluation -- Managing the Money: Fiscal and Budgetary Consideration for the Benefits Package -- Aspiring to National Health Insurance, South Africa Considers Its Benefits Package -- Part II: Putting Pen to Paper -- How Much Health for the Money? Using Cost-Effectiveness Analysis to Support Benefits Plan Decisions -- Benefits beyond Health: Evaluating Financial Risk Protection and Equity through Extending Cost-Effectiveness Analysis -- Comparing Apples and Oranges: Strategies to Weigh Health against Other Social Values -- Square Pegs, Round Holes: Addressing Health Sector Interventions with Non-Health Benefits -- At What Price? Costing the Health Benefits Package -- Beyond Cost- Effectiveness: Health Systems Constraints to Delivery of a Health Benefits Package -- See the Bigger Picture: Resources Optimization Tools to Inform HBP Design -- Reliable Sources? Generating, Selecting, and Applying Evidence to Inform the Health Benefits Package -- Confronting Tight Fiscal, Human Resource, and Evidence Constraints, Malawi Revises Its Benefits Package -- More than a List: Reforming a Country's Health Benefits Package-A Rigorous Approach to Tackling Costly Overutilization -- Starting with the Essential Medicines List: How New Zealand's PHARMAC Prioritizes and Purchases Pharmaceutical Benefits.

Employers today are demanding more and more of employees' time. And from campaign barbecues to the blogosphere, workers across the United States are raising the same worried question: How can I get ahead at my job while making sure my family doesn't fall behind?Heather Boushey argues that resolving work-life conflicts is as vital for individuals and families as it is essential for realizing the country's productive potential. The federal government, however, largely ignores the connection between individual work-life conflicts and more sustainable economic growth. The consequence: business and government treat the most important things in life—health, children, elders—as matters for workers to care about entirely on their own time and dime. That might have worked in the past, but only thanks to a hidden subsidy: the American Wife, a behind-the-scenes, stay-at-home fixer of what economists call market failures. When women left the home—out of desire and necessity—the old system fell apart. Families and the larger economy have yet to recover.But change is possible. Finding Time presents detailed innovations to help Americans find the time they need and help businesses attract more productive workers. A policy wonk with working-class roots and a deep understanding of the stresses faced by families up and down the income ladder, Heather Boushey demonstrates with clarity and compassion that economic efficiency and equity do not have to be enemies. They can be reconciled if we have the vision to forge a new social contract for business, government, and private citizens

Menschen, die nicht eindeutig dem männlichen oder weiblichen Geschlecht zugeordnet werden können, sind gesellschaftlichen Stigmatisierungen und medizinisch-psychologischen Pathologisierungen ausgesetzt. Zentrale Studien im deutschsprachigen Raum bestätigen die Notwendigkeit eines fundamentalen Paradigmenwechsels im gesellschaftlichen Umgang mit Intergeschlechtlichkeit bzw. Intersexualität. Zwar hat die Auseinandersetzung mit dem Thema bereits Einzug in den Bildungsbereich erhalten, jedoch existieren bislang keine Veröffentlichungen zur professionellen Beratung von Inters*.Mithilfe der Analyse von Selbstdarstellungen und Expert_innen-Interviews werden im vorliegenden Buch konkrete Impulse und Handlungsempfehlungen für eine inter*-spezifische Beratungspraxis erarbeitet. Interdisziplinarität, Ressourcenorientierung und Personenzentriertheit werden als wichtige Grundpfeiler benannt, die es ermöglichen, neue methodische Denk- und Handlungsmuster zu formulieren. Dabei werden auch bisher bestehende Beratungsansätze und -konzepte aufgegriffen und unter Einbezug von Peers und Selbsthilfegruppen erweitert. So ergeben sich neue methodische Zugänge und Perspektiven, die sich an den Bedürfnissen und Wünschen intergeschlechtlicher Personen orientieren und ihnen Formen der Selbstermächtigung sowie barrierefreie Räume für selbstbestimmtes Agieren eröffnen.Intersex: Stimuli for CounselingPeople whose sex characteristics do not allow to identify them unambiguously as either male or female are exposed to social stigmatization as well as medical and psychological pathologization. Key studies conducted in the German-speaking countries acknowledge the need for a fundamental paradigm shift in the way society deals with intersex. But even though educators have already begun to consider the issue, there are still no publications about professional counseling of intersex people.Analyzing self-portraits and interviews with experts this book works out concrete recommendations and offers stimuli for a counseling practice catering to the specific needs of intersex people. Interdisciplinarity, an orientation to existing resources and a focus on the person are presented as the cornerstones that make it possible to formulate new methodological and action patterns, while existing counseling approaches are taken up and expanded with the involvement of peers and self-help groups. Thus, new perspectives for the self-empowerment of intersex people open, providing them with the barrier-free space necessary for self-determined action.

Menschen, die nicht eindeutig dem männlichen oder weiblichen Geschlecht zugeordnet werden können, sind gesellschaftlichen Stigmatisierungen und medizinisch-psychologischen Pathologisierungen ausgesetzt. Zentrale Studien im deutschsprachigen Raum bestätigen die Notwendigkeit eines fundamentalen Paradigmenwechsels im gesellschaftlichen Umgang mit Intergeschlechtlichkeit bzw. Intersexualität. Zwar hat die Auseinandersetzung mit dem Thema bereits Einzug in den Bildungsbereich erhalten, jedoch existieren bislang keine Veröffentlichungen zur professionellen Beratung von Inters*.Mithilfe der Analyse von Selbstdarstellungen und Expert_innen-Interviews werden im vorliegenden Buch konkrete Impulse und Handlungsempfehlungen für eine inter*-spezifische Beratungspraxis erarbeitet. Interdisziplinarität, Ressourcenorientierung und Personenzentriertheit werden als wichtige Grundpfeiler benannt, die es ermöglichen, neue methodische Denk- und Handlungsmuster zu formulieren. Dabei werden auch bisher bestehende Beratungsansätze und -konzepte aufgegriffen und unter Einbezug von Peers und Selbsthilfegruppen erweitert. So ergeben sich neue methodische Zugänge und Perspektiven, die sich an den Bedürfnissen und Wünschen intergeschlechtlicher Personen orientieren und ihnen Formen der Selbstermächtigung sowie barrierefreie Räume für selbstbestimmtes Agieren eröffnen.Intersex: Stimuli for CounselingPeople whose sex characteristics do not allow to identify them unambiguously as either male or female are exposed to social stigmatization as well as medical and psychological pathologization. Key studies conducted in the German-speaking countries acknowledge the need for a fundamental paradigm shift in the way society deals with intersex. But even though educators have already begun to consider the issue, there are still no publications about professional counseling of intersex people.Analyzing self-portraits and interviews with experts this book works out concrete recommendations and offers stimuli for a counseling practice catering to the specific needs of intersex people. Interdisciplinarity, an orientation to existing resources and a focus on the person are presented as the cornerstones that make it possible to formulate new methodological and action patterns, while existing counseling approaches are taken up and expanded with the involvement of peers and self-help groups. Thus, new perspectives for the self-empowerment of intersex people open, providing them with the barrier-free space necessary for self-determined action.

Introduction. South Africa's fragile democracy: twenty years on / Devan Pillay and Roger Southall --. - pt. 1. Ecology, economy and labour. Introduction / Devan Pillay --. - The South African labour market after eighteen years : It's class struggle, stupid! / Nicolas Pons-Vignon and Miriam Di Paola --. - The state of organised labour : still living like there's no tomorrow / Ian Macun -- . - Citizen Wal-Mart? South African food retailing and selling development / Bridget Kenny --. - Transcending South Africa's oil dependency / Jeremy Wakeford --. - The politics of electricity generation in South Africa / Keith Gottschalk --. - pt. 2. Power, politics and participation. --. - Introduction / Prishani Naidoo --. - Platinum, poverty and princes in post-apartheid South Africa : new laws, old repertoires / Aninka Claassens and Boitumelo Matlala --. - amaDiba moment : how civil courage confronted sttate and corporate collusion / John G.I. Clarke --. - Secrecy and power in South Africa / Dale T. McKinley --. - The contemporary relevance of Black Consciousness in South Africa / Xolela Mangcu --. - Death and the modern black lesbian / Zethu Matebeni --. - pt. 3. Public policy and social practice. Introduction / Roger Southall --. - Why does Zimbabwe's school system out-perform South Africa's? / Martin Prew --. - Higher education in 2013: at many crossroads / Ahmed Bawa --. - Democracy without economic emancipation : household relations and policy in South Africa / Sarah Mosoetsa --. - Prisons, the law and overcrowding / Clare Ballard --. - pt. 4. South Africa at large. Introduction / Gilbert M. Khadiagala --. - South Africa in Africa : groping for leadership and muddling through / Gilbert M. Khadiagala --. - South Africa and Israel : from alliance to estrangement / Ran Greenstein --. - South Africa's economic ties with north-east Asia / Scarlett Cornelissen --. - Regional parastatals within South Africa's system of accumulation / Justin van der Merwe --. - The leadership chall

Industrial Policy in the African Context: Introduction-- Justin Yifu Lin et al 1. New Thinking on Industrial Policy 1.1. The Learning Economy: Spillovers and Learning Processes-- Bruce Greenwald and Joseph Stiglitz 1.2. From Flying Geese to Leading Dragons: New Opportunities and Strategies for Structural Transformation in Developing Countries-- Justin Yifu Lin 2. Structural Transformation: Lessons from History 2.1. Accumulation of Capabilities, Structural Change and Macro Prices: an Evolutionary and Structuralist Roadmap-- Mario Cimoli and Gabriel Porcile 2.2. Industrial Policy: Can Africa Do It?-- Ha Joon Chang 3. New Global Order and African Reindustrialization 3.1. Winning the Jackpot: Jobs Dividends in a Multi-polar World-- Celestin Monga 3.2. Walking (stumbling?) on Two Legs: Meeting SSA's Industrialization Challenge-- Raphael Kaplinsky 4. Macroeconomics and Governance: Creating an Enabling Environment 4.1. How Macroeconomic Policy Can Support Economic Development in Sub-Saharan African Countries-- James Heintz 4.2. Competition Policy, Industrial Policy and Corporate onduct-- Simon Roberts 4.3. Political Settlements and the Design of Technology Policy-- Mushtaq Khan 4.4. Infant Capitalists, Infant Industries and Infant Economies Trade and Industrial Policies for Early Stages of Development in Africa and Elsewhere-- Akbar Noman 4.5. Industrial Policies and Contemporary Africa: Frontiers of Political Economy and Social Science-- Richard Joseph 5. Trade, Finance and Sectoral Policies 5.1. Does Financial Market Liberalization Promote Financial Development?-- Hamid Rashid 5.2. Financialization as an Obstacle to Industrialization-- C.P. Chandrasekhar 5.3. Towards a Resource-based African Industrialisation Policy-- Paul Jourdan 5.4. The Global 'Rush' for Land: Does it Provide Opportunities for African Countries?-- Klaus Deininger 5.5. Trade Facilitation and African Industrialization: An Agenda for the Textile and Apparel Industry-- Dominique Njinkeu, Julie L

"Despite recent strong non-oil growth, poverty and income inequality remain high and social and governance indicators are below averages for sub-Saharan Africa. Structural reforms under the Transformation Agenda are ongoing, but significant infrastructure gaps and weak institutional capacity still retard growth prospects. At the same time, vulnerabilities are rising in the buildup to general elections in 2015 and fiscal buffers have been reduced. Meanwhile, GDP is being rebased and structural shifts may suggest a refocus in some policy areas. Outlook and Risks. Growth is expected to remain strong, driven by agriculture, trade, and services. Inflation should continue to decline, in line with a tight monetary policy, and a lowering trend in food prices from higher rice and wheat production. Key downside risks are (i) persistently lower oil revenue from changing global dynamics and lower domestic production; (ii) less prudent fiscal policy through the ongoing political cycle; (iii) ongoing security problems in the North; (iv) uncertainty about the pace of global recovery; and (v) capital flow reversals from the expected unwinding of unconventional monetary policy (UMP) in the advanced economies or increased domestic political risk. Addressing oil theft/production losses. In the event of persistent pressures, the naira should be allowed to adjust and reserve adequacy maintained. Improving competitiveness and productivity to generate inclusive growth will require wide-ranging structural reforms. Three key areas could help promote inclusive growth - increasing the delivery of power, broadening the agricultural production base, and increasing access to finance for SMEs. Support for sectoral growth should be underpinned by improvements in competitiveness rather than by protectionist measures"--Abstract

Cover Page -- Half Title Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Foreword -- Introduction -- Chapter 1: Trends in Juvenile Crime and Punishment -- 1: The United States Has a Higher Rate of Juvenile Crime than Other Western Countries -- 2: Balkans Grapple with Exploding Youth Crime -- 3: British Rates of Girl Gang Crime Are Exploding -- 4: Some Central American Countries Treat Youth Gang Crime as a Threat to Regional Security -- 5: In Europe, Juvenile Crime Is Increasingly Prominent in the Public Consciousness -- 6: The United States Is Criminalizing Typical Childhood Behavior -- Periodical and Internet Sources Bibliography -- Chapter 2: Risk Factors for Juvenile Crime -- 1: New Zealand's Juvenile Crime Is Caused by Multiple Risk Factors -- 2: The Dutch Failure to Integrate Immigrant Groups Has Led to an Increase in Juvenile Crime -- 3: Brazil's Drug Mafia Is Recruiting Impoverished Children -- 4: Palestinian Girls Turn to Crime to Escape Troubled Family Lives -- 5: The Australian Juvenile System Is Discriminatory Against Aboriginal Youth -- 6: Scotland Should Be More Responsive to the Needs of At-Risk Children -- 7: The Caribbean Youth Crime Rate Is Affected by the Region's Social and Economic Problems -- Periodical and Internet Sources Bibliography -- Chapter 3: Debates over the Juvenile Justice System -- 1: Tanzanian Juvenile Institutions May Be Doing More Harm than Good -- 2: Ireland Should Not Be Incarcerating Children in Adult Institutions -- 3: Iran, Saudi Arabia, and Sudan Should End the Juvenile Death Penalty -- 4: Palestinian Youths Are Being Mistreated in Israeli Detention -- 5: Argentina Considers Lowering the Age of Criminal Responsibility -- 6: England's Juvenile Justice System Is Cruel and Counterproductive -- Periodical and Internet Sources Bibliography -- Chapter 4: Juvenile Justice System Reforms