Suchergebnisse

This article examines approaches towards studying generations. Millenials are highlighted as a specific object of research. Given their considerable inner diversity and non-uniformity, Russian millenials can be considered to be a holistic generation, which differs from elder generations in terms of social orientations and behavioral characteristics. The social self-identification of Russian millenials is examined, while identity criteria for various youth groups are defined. It is revealed that their self-assessment of status is considerably elevated when compared to elder generations, the former being based on somewhat different criteria. Despite the fact that material well-being, as is the case with elder generations, plays a key role in self-evaluation of status, millenials' self-identification is also based on education level and professional status, which might indicate their willingness to accept the values of a meritocratic society. Millenials' social capital is developed using sources provided by the new information-communication environment, with said sources being more diverse and attainable than ever before. Thanks to these new opportunities for developing social capital, the latter can be used much more efficiently in various environments. Millenials declare their high degree of solidarity with elder generations, while accepting a considerable amount of monetary and non-monetary assistance from the latter. Meanwhile they are extremely sympathetic to various forms of charity and volunteerism, while often participating in such activity themselves. In general, you can say that millenials are rather tightly linked to the system of social exchanges, while being prepared to assume the role of independent subjects of social activity. This article is based on data from a study titled "Differentiation of youth groups: economic activity, demographic behavior, social practices", conducted by the Institute for Social Analysis and Forecasting (Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration) in 2019. The sample, which represents Russia's population from age 18 to 35, consisted of 3.5 thousand respondents.

In Hungary, during 2010-2015 the growing xenophobic attitudes are noticed in the society, and right radical extremist groups gain power. The aim of the article is to identify the most significant factors that encourage xenophobia in Hungary. The types of right organizations and their electoral performance are determined. Our hypothesis is that the activity of right extremist organizations influences the formation of xenophobic social practices in Hungary. By means of factor analysis the author identified the main directions and forms of activity of right radicals, determined the value of socio-economic dynamics of Hungary, characterized the attitudes of society, the law and the ruling elite to the problems of xenophobia and right radicalism. Among the most influential factors we should name: open propaganda of nationalist ideas; constitutional priority to the interests of ethnic Hungarians; parliamentary membership of the Movement "For a Better Hungary"; condoning by the ruling elite, the courts and the police of the right radical activity. The paper presents the trend in the contemporary Hungary: the public demonstrates intolerance to right radicalism in cases of criminal behavior, but for the most part is loyal to its ideologies. Except for oppositional human rights organizations and ethnic communities, a significant part of Hungarian society often shows nearly complete indifference to the issues of xenophobia, racial and ethnic discrimination. The author described five groups of factors that stimulate the reproduction of xenophobic attitudes and practices among various groups of the population: "historical", institutional, socioeconomic, legal and political. The paper uses empirical data of public opinion polls conducted by leading research centers in Hungary, as well as statistical data of public authorities, civil society institutions.

The authors of this article base their reasoning on the fact that company towns are a special type of city space. In order to successfully implement programs for supporting and developing company towns, one must take into account the specific features inherent to the social-territorial community in question. Drawing attention to individual movement practices, them being activities in space, allows for identifying specifics and patterns in that particular social space where they are practiced, and the production of which they are contributing to. The study of the moving practices of industrial company town residents, which in scientific literature is represented by a very limited amount of studies, bears considerable potential for research, since it allows for tracing the entire process of space reproduction. Mobility has a systemic and routine character, being based on specific activity stereotypes and implicit "background expectations". As a result they are rather difficult to register using classic survey methods. The authors of this article base their reasoning on the assumption that studying social movement practices requires the examination of those situations which violate the established social order. The article takes into consideration publications from the "VK" social network as a description for such "situations". As such, the empirical base for the study consists of messages from open-access virtual territorial communities. The authors analyze communities that publish local news from three company towns in Sverdlovsky region (Pervouralsk, Krasnoturyinsk and Revda). The main distinction of the chosen data source is that publications appear upon user initiative, which rules out any influence the researcher might have on the meaning of the message. Content-analysis results allow for drawing a conclusion on the leading role of the automobile for company town residents, as well as on their dissatisfaction with public transport services. Also, the study allows for identifying the city space peculiarities inherent to Ural region company towns, which are defined by the locals' mobility practices and also reproduced by said practices. According to the authors, these peculiarities are as follows: regarding a company town as a closed social-territorial community, perceiving such a city in the vein of outdated, unsafe space and obsolete infrastructure, as well as a certain tension existing between the population and local authorities within the city's social space.

This paper analyzes the possibilities of generating creative tools for Social Practice Art (SPA) to be used at Migrating Academy. The research focuses on the concept of social practice art in the international context, analyses creative forms and their potential development. The goals and objectives of the activity are clearly defined, and the possibilities to generate new forms of art and education at Migrating Academy are presented. The aim of the research is to analyse the possibilities of generating creative tools for social practice art. To achieve this aim, the following objectives have been set: to analyse the concept of social practice art, its origin and development, to define different forms of social practice art and their future prospects, to discuss the peculiarities of their generation at Migrating Academy and to investigate the possibilities to generate creative tools of social practice art by carrying out a qualitative research. The hypothesis in the thesis is that the generation of creative tools for social practice art through the development and implementation of social and education policy at Migrating Academy as a social and institutional process opens opportunities for social, cultural and political changes in society. In order to analyse the possibilities of generating creative tools for art of social practice at Migrating Academy, a research was carried out by using a qualitative research strategy as well as the interview method. The survey included 9 informants-experts from nine countries (Lithuania, Italy, the UK, Bangladesh, Indonesia, the USA, Canada, Nigeria and Mexico): 5 females and 3 males. The selected age group was from 30 to 65 years. The respondents from Italy, Mexico, and Nigeria are experts who have PhD degrees in Arts, are working in higher education and create works in the sphere of SPA. The Bangladesh-UK respondent is a PhD student who is studying in the UK and working for the Bangladesh Ministry of Education. The respondents from Lithuania, Indonesia, Canada, the USA are artists or activists in the SPA area. The traditional method of qualitative content analysis was used for the analysis of the research data. The analysis of scientific literature and documents confirmed that both social practice art and Migrating Academy have a significant impact on the generation of creative tools for social practice art in the international context, on the expansion of artistic views and horizons going beyond the usual perception and covering all possible areas from politics, economics to fast-growing technological advances and neuroscience achievements. The results of the research showed that Migrating Academy may offer significant opportunities to generate tools for social practice art and education. This is clearly proved by the experts' opinions which have been collected and processed by qualitative research tools, and they provide strong arguments that: - the boundary separating social practice from social practice art is dynamic so the opportunities to participate in SPA activities will increase in the future. This would depend on the artists' creativity and their ability to develop the scope of their creative activities and their outcomes through the variety of organized projects; - the United States of America with its neighbouring countries on the continent remains the epicentre of SPA. A great variety of SPA projects is also noticeable in the countries with high class exclusion and multinational culture, as well as in the countries where the state funding is provided for project implementation; - by promoting the active involvement of social groups and solving their problems, artists and groups of artists can become leaders who will offer their innovative ideas and problem-solving techniques; - innovative, sometimes unconventional but clearly defined methods are required to establish contacts between artists and communities or social groups, to deal with difficult situations and build mutual trust; - most artists use the principles of traditional pedagogy to create SPA, however, they intuitively feel that it is not enough for their projects. Consequently, they start to create innovative forms. The pedagogical principles of SPA projects are developing and changing, because the form of this art itself is very dynamic and flexible, dependent on the environment and its problems; - SPA activities are gradually eliminating the boundaries between disciplines, leading to the development of a new form of art that is not oriented to the production of artistic products, but to the social process which stimulates social changes through art. This process is only possible through unique forms of expression, including pedagogical ones, because pedagogy which is affected radically by SPA has to develop new forms and completely new quality; - social practice art itself includes great opportunities which allow artists to generate new skills, knowledge and art forms. New project opportunities allow to create innovative creative spaces and new thinking strategy. The stereotypical perception of art and its academic model are changing; - migrating academy is becoming a continually pulsating and changing world culture that makes information accessible to everybody and provides opportunities to perform not only online but also in real life with real people. Migrating academy can provide its students with work and creative tools that will be impossible if only traditional models of perception of art and creativity are used. The respondents' statements investigated by the means of qualitative research confirmed the hypothesis that the generation of creative tools for social practice art through the development and implementation of social and education policy at migrating academy as a social and institutional process opens opportunities for social, cultural and political changes in society.

This paper analyzes the possibilities of generating creative tools for Social Practice Art (SPA) to be used at Migrating Academy. The research focuses on the concept of social practice art in the international context, analyses creative forms and their potential development. The goals and objectives of the activity are clearly defined, and the possibilities to generate new forms of art and education at Migrating Academy are presented. The aim of the research is to analyse the possibilities of generating creative tools for social practice art. To achieve this aim, the following objectives have been set: to analyse the concept of social practice art, its origin and development, to define different forms of social practice art and their future prospects, to discuss the peculiarities of their generation at Migrating Academy and to investigate the possibilities to generate creative tools of social practice art by carrying out a qualitative research. The hypothesis in the thesis is that the generation of creative tools for social practice art through the development and implementation of social and education policy at Migrating Academy as a social and institutional process opens opportunities for social, cultural and political changes in society. In order to analyse the possibilities of generating creative tools for art of social practice at Migrating Academy, a research was carried out by using a qualitative research strategy as well as the interview method. The survey included 9 informants-experts from nine countries (Lithuania, Italy, the UK, Bangladesh, Indonesia, the USA, Canada, Nigeria and Mexico): 5 females and 3 males. The selected age group was from 30 to 65 years. The respondents from Italy, Mexico, and Nigeria are experts who have PhD degrees in Arts, are working in higher education and create works in the sphere of SPA. The Bangladesh-UK respondent is a PhD student who is studying in the UK and working for the Bangladesh Ministry of Education. The respondents from Lithuania, Indonesia, Canada, the USA are artists or activists in the SPA area. The traditional method of qualitative content analysis was used for the analysis of the research data. The analysis of scientific literature and documents confirmed that both social practice art and Migrating Academy have a significant impact on the generation of creative tools for social practice art in the international context, on the expansion of artistic views and horizons going beyond the usual perception and covering all possible areas from politics, economics to fast-growing technological advances and neuroscience achievements. The results of the research showed that Migrating Academy may offer significant opportunities to generate tools for social practice art and education. This is clearly proved by the experts' opinions which have been collected and processed by qualitative research tools, and they provide strong arguments that: - the boundary separating social practice from social practice art is dynamic so the opportunities to participate in SPA activities will increase in the future. This would depend on the artists' creativity and their ability to develop the scope of their creative activities and their outcomes through the variety of organized projects; - the United States of America with its neighbouring countries on the continent remains the epicentre of SPA. A great variety of SPA projects is also noticeable in the countries with high class exclusion and multinational culture, as well as in the countries where the state funding is provided for project implementation; - by promoting the active involvement of social groups and solving their problems, artists and groups of artists can become leaders who will offer their innovative ideas and problem-solving techniques; - innovative, sometimes unconventional but clearly defined methods are required to establish contacts between artists and communities or social groups, to deal with difficult situations and build mutual trust; - most artists use the principles of traditional pedagogy to create SPA, however, they intuitively feel that it is not enough for their projects. Consequently, they start to create innovative forms. The pedagogical principles of SPA projects are developing and changing, because the form of this art itself is very dynamic and flexible, dependent on the environment and its problems; - SPA activities are gradually eliminating the boundaries between disciplines, leading to the development of a new form of art that is not oriented to the production of artistic products, but to the social process which stimulates social changes through art. This process is only possible through unique forms of expression, including pedagogical ones, because pedagogy which is affected radically by SPA has to develop new forms and completely new quality; - social practice art itself includes great opportunities which allow artists to generate new skills, knowledge and art forms. New project opportunities allow to create innovative creative spaces and new thinking strategy. The stereotypical perception of art and its academic model are changing; - migrating academy is becoming a continually pulsating and changing world culture that makes information accessible to everybody and provides opportunities to perform not only online but also in real life with real people. Migrating academy can provide its students with work and creative tools that will be impossible if only traditional models of perception of art and creativity are used. The respondents' statements investigated by the means of qualitative research confirmed the hypothesis that the generation of creative tools for social practice art through the development and implementation of social and education policy at migrating academy as a social and institutional process opens opportunities for social, cultural and political changes in society.

The subject of this research – tolerance-intolerance social practices in the modern world. The article analyzes the impact of the application of the positive norms and norms of enforcement at the tolerance-intolerance practices. Identity social construction features while applying tolerance-intolerance practices are analyzed. Tolerance-intolerance practices formation features in the modern transformable world and their interdependence were revealed, as well as the features of their manifestation in the Potestarian and legal cultures.Problem formulation. In which forms tolerance is shown and should be shown in the transformable world, in which new challenges and risks are: still growing threat of terrorism, labor migration flow increasing, emergence of new forms or modernization of the old forms of social identities construction (ISIL - hereinafter acts as an example), increased flow of refugees due to the increased flow of military conflicts around the world? All these increased challenges and risks should be analyzed not only theoretically, but also corresponding social technologies of tolerance-intolerance practices regulation should be developed.The following tasks were solved during the research:1. To analyze the influence of application of positive norms and norms of enforcement at the tolerance-intolerance practices.2. To reveal tolerance-intolerance practices functioning features in the modern transformable world and their interaction.The following results were obtained during the research: 1. the consumption of standardized cultural products, partially solves the problem of the foreign in the construction of social identities;2. the negative manifestations of the Institute of Tolerance functioning will lead to increased social tensions, "erosion" of social norms and preferences will be given to separate groups, this all will lead to the intolerance practices formation;3. accepting the foreign in the tolerance practices won't solve the problem facing the society, but only transfer its solution for the future.4. tolerance-intolerance can act as two cyclical poles of social practices, which are used by different societies and countries at the different stages of its development. ; Предмет данного исследования – социальные практики толерантности-интолерантности в современном мире. В статье дан анализ влияния применения позитивных норм и норм принуждения на практики толерантности-интолерантности. Проанализированы особенности социального конструирования идентичности в ходе осуществления социальных практик толерантности-интолерантности. Выявлены особенности формирования практик толерантности-интолерантности в современном трансформирующемся мире и их взаимозависимость, а также особенности их проявления в потестарной и правовой культурах. ; Предмет даного дослідження – соціальні практики толерантності-інтолерантності в сучасному світі. У статті було проаналізовано вплив застосування позитивних норм і норм примусу на практики толерантности-інтолерантності. Проаналізовані особливості соціального конструювання ідентичності в ході здійснення соціальних практик толерантности-інтолерантності. Виявлені особливості формування практик толерантності-інтолерантності в сучасному світі, що трансформується, і їх взаємозалежність, а також особливості їх прояву в потестарній і правовий культурах.

Article retractedAbstract: In Hungary and Slovakia during 2010-2015 there has been an increase in xenophobic attitudes in society; rightwing and extremist groups are activating there as well. The purpose of this article is to compare the most signifi cant factors which encourage xenophobia. Previously we have identifi ed the types of right-wing organizations and found out their electoral characteristics. We assume that the activities of right-wing extremist organizations infl uence the formation of xenophobic social practices in Hungary and Slovakia, which arise from the range of factors. In this article we used empirical data gained as a result of public opinion polls conducted by the leading research centers in Hungary and Slovakia, by international organizations, as well as statistics of public authorities and civil society institutions. By means of factor analysis, we identifi ed the main directions and forms of activity of right-wing radicals; determined the value of socio-economic dynamics of the country's development; characterized the attitude of society, the law and the ruling elite to the problems of xenophobia and right-wing radicalism. Among the most infl uential factors we identifi ed: open propaganda of nationalist ideas; constitutional priority of the ethnic majority interests; parliamentary status of rightwing parties; condoning the activities of right-wing radicals by the ruling elite, the courts and the police. The comparison of factors stimulating xenophobic practices in Hungary and Slovakia didn't confi rm the hypothesis of common signifi cant infl uence of the economic crisis, lack of education and political passivity on the formation of xenophobic practices among young people. The professional frustration of provincial youth discovered itself as a cumulative socioeconomic factor. ; Статья отозванаАннотация: В Венгрии и Словакии на протяжении 2010-2015 гг. отмечается рост ксенофобских настроений в обществе, активизируются праворадикальные и экстремистские группировки. Цель статьи заключается в сопоставлении наиболее существенных факторов, стимулирующих ксенофобию в двух странах. Предварительно мы предприняли попытку типологизировать праворадикальные организации и выяснить их электоральные характеристики. Наше предположение состоит в том, что деятельность праворадикальных и экстремистских организаций оказывает влияние на формирование ксенофобских социальных практик в Венгрии и Словакии, которое обусловлено рядом факторов. В работе использованы эмпирические данные, полученные в ходе социологических опросов, проведенных ведущими исследовательскими центрами Венгрии и Словакии, международными организациями, а также статистические данные органов государственной власти, институтов гражданского общества. Средствами факторного анализа нами определены основные направления и формы деятельности правых радикалов; определено значение социально-экономической динамики развития стран; охарактеризовано отношение общества, закона и правящей элиты к проблемам ксенофобии и правому радикализму. К числу наиболее влиятельных факторов можно отнести: открытую пропаганду националистических идей; конституционный приоритет интересов этнического большинства; парламентский статус праворадикальных партий; попустительство деятельности правых радикалов со стороны правящей элиты, судов и полиции. Сопоставление фактор стимулирующих ксенофобские практики в Венгрии и Словакии отчасти не подтвердило распространенную гипотезу о существенном влиянии экономического кризиса, дефицита образования и политической пассивности на формирование ксенофобских практик в молодежной среде. Кумулятивным социально-экономическим фактором обнаружила себя профессиональная фрустрация провинциальной молодежи.

The author analyzes the works of foreign and Ukrainian researchers, emphasizing there is need to theorize this concept. In Ukrainian and foreign discourses, much attention is paid to empirical studies of IDP, but there are no work in which the nature of this phenomenon is explained by theories and concepts. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to conceptualize the concept of IDP. This concept has been actively used since the beginning of the 1990s, despite the fact that about 10 million people were drawn to forced labor or expelled from their country for racial, religious or political reasons during the Second World War. The author highlights two unchanging characteristics of the IDP phenomenon: the involuntary nature of the movement, migration inside of the national borders. IDP is much broader than the refugee concept, it involves displacement because of certain natural disasters and development projects. IDP differs from the concept of an economic migrant by means of the nature of migration. For IDP, it is characteristic of pushing migration, for the economic migrants is attractive way of migration. The article also describes the phenomenon of protracted internal displacement. The author considers certain theories trough that IDP can be investigated. It should be noted, that there are practically no theoretical approaches among the migration theories that are devoted exclusively to the conceptualization of the phenomenon of internally displaced persons, because most theories deal with interstate migration. Migration theories have been adapted to the issues of IDP in this paper. Among them: push / pull theory, the theory of migration systems (networks), the concept of a three-stage migration process. The article emphasizes that these theories can be used for studying IDPs, but not in the dimensions of «the country of departure – the country of arrival», but in the «regional» dimension of a particular country. Also among the theories are fruitful for consideration IDPs: A. Maslow's theory of self-actualization, the theory of categorization by H. Tajfel and J. Turner, the theory of acculturation (adaptation) J. Berry, the theory of the trauma of social changes by P. Sztompka, the theory of inculturation. The author make a conclusion on the necessity of further comprehensive sociological research on IDPs and the using of a disciplinary approach. ; В статье рассматривается феномен вынужденной внутренней миграции, а именно такого его последствия, как возникновение определенной группы населения – внутренне перемещенные лица (ВПЛ). Обоснована необходимость концептуализации понятия «внутренне перемещенные лица». Термин «внутренне перемещенное лицо» рассмотрено в перспективе его возникновения и дальнейшего становления как категории теоретизирования и социальной практики; проведено его разграничение с понятиями «беженец» и «экономический мигрант»; выделены два основных неизменных критерия, характеризующих внутреннее перемещение и рассмотрено понятие «затяжное внутреннее перемещение».Выделены наиболее распространенные направления изучения ВПО, что представлено в иностранных и отечественных исследованиях. Проанализированы теории миграции, которые были адаптированы к проблематике вынужденной внутренней миграции. Показано эвристический потенциал определенных социологических теорий, а именно – теории самоактуализации А. Маслоу, теории категоризации Г. Тежфела и Дж. Тернера, теории аккультурации (адаптации) Дж. Берри, теории травмы социальных изменений П. Штомпки, теории инкультурации, которые могут составить основу для создания отдельной концептуальной рамки исследований по вынужденному перемещению и внутренне перемещенных лицах. ; У статті розглядається феномен вимушеної внутрішньої міграції, а саме такого його наслідку, як виникнення певної групи населення – внутрішньо переміщені особи (ВПО). Обґрунтована необхідність концептуалізації поняття «внутрішньо переміщені особи». Термін «внутрішньо переміщена особа» розглянуто в перспективі його виникнення та подальшого становлення як категорії теоретизування та соціальної практики; проведено його розмежування з поняттями «біженець» та «економічний мігрант»; виділені два основних незмінних критерія, що характеризують внутрішнє переміщення та розглянуто поняття «затяжне внутрішнє переміщення». Виділено найбільш поширені напрямки вивчення ВПО, що представлено в іноземних та вітчизняних дослідженнях. Проаналізовано теорії міграції, які були адаптовані до проблематики вимушеної внутрішньої міграції. Показано евристичний потенціал певних соціологічних теорій, а саме – теорії самоактуалізації А. Маслоу, теорії категорізації Г. Тежфела та Дж. Тернера, теорії акультурації (адаптації) Дж. Беррі, теорії травми соціальних змін П. Штомпки, теорії інкультурації, що можуть скласти основу для створення окремої концептуальної рамки досліджень щодо вимушеного переміщення та внутрішньо переміщених осіб.

This study presents the problems and relevant issues of social economy and social enterprises in legislation and practice. It provides a comparative assessment of the social economic policy example of the host country and the situation in Lithuania.

This study presents the problems and relevant issues of social economy and social enterprises in legislation and practice. It provides a comparative assessment of the social economic policy example of the host country and the situation in Lithuania.

This study presents the problems and relevant issues of social economy and social enterprises in legislation and practice. It provides a comparative assessment of the social economic policy example of the host country and the situation in Lithuania.

This study presents the problems and relevant issues of social economy and social enterprises in legislation and practice. It provides a comparative assessment of the social economic policy example of the host country and the situation in Lithuania.

The article examines the history of modernization processes in the world's social and political practice.The author analyzes the theories of modernization, the researchers' views on the peculiarities of modernization processes and the main problems faced by the states that have embarked on the path of transformation.Attention is paid to the conceptual basis of modernization processes: concepts of evolutionism, diff usionism, modern theories of socio-cultural dynamics. Political modernization can be regarded as a process of changing the political system. The main directions of the political modernization processes are: the changes of the political system, stabilization of political relations, institutional adaptation to the current realities and modern challenges, sustainable economic growth and democracy. States are going through a process of modernization in accordance with their goals, objectives and level of development.The concept of political modernisation is one of the key notions in the policy arrangements approach. It tries to capture those structural transformations in political domains in contemporary societies, which have or may have consequences for day-to-day policy practices. In turn, developments within certain policy practices may contribute to or contradict these structural transformations.