Suchergebnisse

The article analyzes theoretical and legal, comparative and applied as well as terminological and conceptual aspects of the process of interpretation by the administrative courts of Ukraine of general and military-special regulations that are important for making informed decisions in military and legal public disputes. In order to determine a systematic approach to the possibility of reversing the execution of court decisions in administrative cases on appeals against decisions, actions and omissions of the subject of power, the subject of which is the payment of one-time cash benefits to servicemen, conscripts and reservists in case of death, total or partial disability, a systematic analysis of terms, words and phrases in the context of the normative content of Article 381 of the Code of Administrative Procedure of Ukraine has been conducted. Based on the study, a logical conclusion has been made regarding the diversity and ambiguity of general legal terms, terminological phrases enshrined in the normative content of Article 381 of the CAP of Ukraine and their inconsistency with military-special terms and phrases enshrined in the normative-legal legislation of Ukraine, in particular in the field of military service and military-social legal relations. The results of the study allow the application of the provisions of Article 380 of the Code of Administrative Procedure of Ukraine on the reversal of a court decision to the disputed military-protective legal relations. Further research on the peculiarities of the application of military and social legislation by administrative courts of Ukraine should be carried out by taking into account the requirements of military and social legislation of developed foreign countries and the current practice of the European Court of Human Rights.

Reproductive, surrogate, abortion and other types of medical tourism are evidence of the demand for certain practices and unresolved biopolitical issues at the level of legislation of different countries with different attitudes to socio-economic and biological inequality. Ukraine is remaining the center of world reproductive tourism. In the large cities of Ukraine, the reproductive business is developing and there are clinics that provide services using assisted reproductive technologies. This actualizes the problem of unresolved biopolitical issues and strengthens their impact on surrogacy practices in Ukraine. Needs of deep socio-philosophical analyses of problems of surrogacy is reasoned, especially when it comes to ethics of risk. It is noted that laws which rule surrogacy, lags behind reproductive and social practices and needs. Emphasis is placed on the fact that the legislation in biopolitics is relevant for a short time: to a new stage of development of technological potentiality. Legislation on surrogacy in Ukraine is more regulated and in part more progressive than in many countries around the world, and based on genetic relatedness. The challenges and threats to the Ukrainian society, which are hiding in prohibitive legislative initiatives in the field of reproduction, have been clarified. An analysis of recent abolitionist initiatives, including those from religious organizations, has been conducted. It has been shown that the protection against exploitation invoked by abolitionists is achieved in a clearly disproportionate and burdensome way for women themselves. Conclusion that in order to avoid negative biopolitical scenarios, Ukrainian society should avoid moral panic, form a special respect for technology and scientific knowledge, recognize the authority of socio-humanitarian research and appreciate data obtained by scientists have been done.

The article presents the analyses of the contemporary scientific understanding of the time gender aspects in the context of the social conflicts theories. It is accentuated that nowadays the life of the Ukrainian society is determined by two cultural codes: on the one hand, it is still the phase of the non-completed modernity project; on the other, – the western cultural postmodernity has been actively constructing its models of social practices in Ukraine for quite a number of recent years. Hence the specificity of social conflicts transformations in our country: contradictory modern and postmodern modes in their interrelation have a great impact on the social conflicts in Ukraine. It is significant that the typology of social conflicts and the motives for their origin are presented in this paper in their close interconnection with the aspects of the phenomenon of gender temporality, an attempt to manage the social temporality as the definite measurement of the social conflicts processes and their results. It is stressed that in the scientific literature the two temporality models prevail now: the mobilizing model and the model of the medium and eschatological time. These two models of gender temporality, namely, the mobilizing and eschatological ones, are analyzed and defined as such models that greatly influence the formation of the contemporary conflict-oriented social landscapes. The assumption of the gender temporality as a definite measurement of social conflicts and is accentuated by the concluding ideas of its actual capacity to be a kind of modus vivendi to their solution. The policy of the "unity of differences", which is a basis of the contemporary feminist agenda, and the "ethics of care" should become a model for the current development of the Ukrainian society and the supposed future transformations.

It has become an axiom in the scientific literature that any civic engagement contributes to democratic transit and the development of civil society. However, different types of this behavior may have different determinants. These may be actions motivated by civic norms and values, but may also be actions driven by financial encouragement or administrative pressure, especially in transitional democracies. The purpose of the study was to identify the impact of modernization values and orientations on different types of civic activism. The author created an indicator where among the options for the answers was offered a list of socio-political measures that were most relevant at the time of the survey. The substantive side of these activities combined the way and the object of communicating their public aspirations and interests. The most common are discussion forms of civil practices that are individualized. These practices do not require much organizational or collective effort and do not require direct interaction with political or governmental institutions. Practices that combine economic activities also have individualized traits, but they require financial costs or sample consumption, so they are less common. Socio-political practices, civic-local practices and protest-demonstration practices are even less common because they require organizational or collective efforts. Five types of civic practices of the Ukrainian population have been empirically identified and their relationship with democracy and liberal values tested. By means of multiple linear regression method, there was found that only civic practices that combine an ethical consumerism, financial donations and political discussions claim that their subjects could be considered as a social basis of Ukraine's democratic transit. The likelihood of such actions increases with the increase of education levels, decrease of age and living in large settlements. The paradox is that people who profess values of modernization are ready to fund activists, among whom these values are not traced.

The article deals with the theoretical and practical aspects of the problem of conflictization of the cultural and historical space of Ukrainianness under conditions of modern threats. The essence of conflicts is revealed in the article, the interpretation on the conflict as an attribute of social life is done, its influence on the processes of social transformations is traced. The causes and conditions of the emergence, escalation and resolution of conflicts on various levels are analyzed, the possibility and necessity of managing them is substantiated. The article is devoted to theoretical and methodological analysis of contemporary studies in conflictology. It is proved that it is reasonable to apply an integrative approach to classification of social conflicts. An integrative approach to the analysis of conflicts is the methodological basis of research, which involves its consideration not only as a source of destruction and death, but also as the initial place of development of society. The autor comes to conclusion that the term of conflictization processes has considerable scientific potential for study of social conflicts. The analysis of the essence of conflictization's processes, their specific character and sources of emergence is done on the base of conflictological theories. The article analyzes special features of contemporary conflicts in the context of global processes. The specificity of conflictization in interstate relations in the era of globalization raise this phenomenon to transnational and even planetary scale. Under conditions of militarization of conflict interaction, the level of conflict potential also increases. The escalation of tension and the use of violence through militarization of conflict interactions leads to armed confrontation. Contemporary armed conflicts pose a significant threat to humanity as they may expand in the context of globalization. The formulating of a row of measures (of humanitarian, socio-economic and politico-military nature) is aimed to prevent challenges, dangers and threats to the national interests of Ukraine. It is also necessary to maintain a balance of forces, values, resources, political, legal and socio-economic problems in the society and the state. The importance of a comprehensive strategy of counter the destructive actions of foreign mercenaries in Ukraine has been substantiated. The focus is on the use of political and diplomatic means through the active participation of the international community and the strengthening of economic sanctions against the Russian Federation. «Smart power» is interpreted as the ability to combine the resources of «hard» and «soft» power in order to strengthen the position of Ukraine on the international scene. The importance of the strategy of «smart power» as a basis for overcoming the armed conflict on the territory of Ukraine and the reintegration of the occupied territories was substantiated. We have made an attempt to interpret conflictization processes in the framework of an integrative approach. The proneness to conflict is now playing a distinctive role in the social and political life of the Ukraine. The discursive-consensus and assertive strategies for successful solution of a social conflict is considered to be an optimal one.

The results of empirical research devoted to the study of individual psychological characteristics of individuals engaged in social entrepreneurship in Ukraine are considered in this article. Social entrepreneurship is a new area of practice that is developing rapidly but is still insufficiently studied in psychology. Foreign research projects compare social entrepreneurs' personal traits with the ones of traditional entrepreneurs, members of the general public, employees in the same area of activity, volunteers, etc. There are such personal traits of social entrepreneurs that have a higher level of development (compared to others) as empathy, willingness to take risks and to cooperate and develop social networks, creativity, need for autonomy and independence, optimism, trust in others, belief in positive social changes, ability to cope with obstacles on their way to social mission implementation. Most researchers emphasize the developed sense of social responsibility, moral obligations towards others, self-sacrifice of social entrepreneurs. As a result of the empirical research of individual psychological characteristics of individuals engaged in social and traditional entrepreneurship in Ukraine psychological particularities within each group of entrepreneurs have been determined. A psychological portrait of social entrepreneur has been compiled based on the obtained empirical data: an active, focused on the external world, intent on reflection and introspection, receptive to obtain new knowledge, hardworking, creative, relatively emotionally stable, moderately conformable and ambitious individual, which is characterized by a high level of empathy and an internal locus of control, which can work successfully both as a team member and independently, which can adequately estimate their capabilities and make right decisions in situations of uncertainty and risk. The differences between groups of traditional and social entrepreneurs in such factors as «Openness» according to the Big 5 Personality Traits, «Сreative tendency», «Calculated risk-taking», «Internal locus of control» according to the General measure of Enterprising Tendency (GET) test, as well as according to the Balanced Emotional Empathy Test have been detected. Based on these findings one can conclude that a phenomenon of social entrepreneurship is a dynamic process that meets the urgent needs of society, corresponds to individual motives and is determined by the specifics of professional tasks we solve, and therefore by the type of business activity in general.

The article is dedicated to less studied aspect of external migration namely to the formation and functioning of migrant communities in host countries. The expediency of using the theory of social capital and the theory of migration networks as a theoretical and methodological basis for the study of migrant communities is substantiated. The developments of R. Park, J. Coleman, A. Portes are analyzed and the basic operational parameters of the social capital of migrant communities are constructed. The parameters of the functioning and transformation of social capital are analyzed in a two-dimensional space of autonomy and efficiency. The classification of migrant communities by type of social capital is proposed. The following types of communities are identified: 1) a low-efficient, highly autonomous community; 2) highly efficient highly autonomous; 3) a highly efficient and low-autonomous community. The article discusses the results of an expert survey of representatives of communities of Ukrainian migrants in the EU countries on the transformation of the social capital of these communities. The social capital of migrant communities of Ukrainians is "culturally bonding", aimed at preserving the common cultural identity of Ukrainians abroad in the context of a different cultural environment. Migrant communities of Ukrainian migrants remain relatively homogeneous in terms of culture, identity and practices. It is revealed that in the context of contemporary transformations of external migration, changes and social capital of migrant communities is changing too. The circular nature of migration at the present stage adversely affects the social capital of migrant communities, their permanent membership is diminished, social ties are weakened, the autonomy of communities is reduced and the integration of migrants into host societies is increased. Number of such communities today are to some extent deinstitutionalized.

The article's analysis focuses on the ontological aspects of social existence harmonious. Ethical principles of good are the main de-confliction mechanisms, factors that are reproduced and responsible for solving the problem of social and individual order. Universal ethical values - freedom, love, responsibility, creativity is a preexisting knowledge that produces, translates and reproduces the coherence practices of co-existence at both individual and social levels. It is revealed that the functionality of the latter is reproduced in the space of productive communication experience, which acquires personality in the social interaction context. The "threat" to ethical knowledge, which is the ontological basis of the social being organization, is the problem of ethics relativity. This problem arises and spreads as a result of the ethical knowledge objectification, its transformation into a thing. In other words, it is the transformation of universal values, the goals of ethics as spiritual phenomena, into the means of
achieving individual desire, personal well-being, the tools of satisfying my selfish desires, that transforms a person into a conformal consumer. From ancient hedonism to modern versions of transhumanism, ethical relativism theories continue to actively raise questions about the relevance of the ethical absolutism principles. It is noted that the dissonance that arises in connection with the actualization of the ethics relativism question indicates an aggravation of the formalization problem of spiritual knowledge. Consequently, ethical conformity is required to conform to the ontology of social being. This correspondence is based on the absoluteness of ethics as a condition for the functioning of harmonious social relations - on the one hand, and human development - on the other. Thus, the analysis of the consolidation mechanisms of human being, its integrity, harmony, should focus on the actualization of the ethical absolutism issue, which is particularly acute in today's conflict world. It is this perspective that explores the problems of integrating social and individual order and provides tools and solutions.

The work is devoted to the psychological analysis of the features of the image of the leader at the present stage of development of the Ukrainian state. The need for psychological studies of the image is conditioned by the contradictions between the social practice of image functioning in different spheres of social life and the need for its theoretical reflection. Methods based on the means of social and psychological influence become significant. Among these tools, the image of the leader is essential. During the creation of his vision, the leader demonstrates the most attractive individual, personal, and professional qualities, learns to see them in themselves "from the side", is aware of his shortcomings, correlates his own characteristics with the standard of personality. In recent years, the concept of the image has firmly entered the information space. In most cases, the image is perceived by people like a specific value, which is associated with the success of certain activities, both individual and collective. Representatives of psychological science have increased their interest in the phenomenon of an image, as evidenced by the sharp increase in recent years in the number of scientific publications on topics related to the image or its aspects. As a result of research using the methods of a questionnaire survey followed by in-depth interviews in focus groups, the ranking structure of the expert model of an ideal modern leader and the ranking structure of the image model of a modern leader in everyday consciousness are presented. The findings of the study described the socio-psychological mechanisms of the functioning of the image as a phenomenon of interpersonal interaction, including: the manifestation of the characteristics of group interaction; the use of social representations and stereotypes; the realization of the self-concept of the subject of the image in correlation relationships with the self-concepts of other subjects of image interaction and the like. The disclosure of the socio-psychological mechanisms of the functioning of the image, their accounting and use are necessary for the development of productive activities on the formation of an optimal image as a phenomenon of interpersonal interaction.

Social work both in Ukraine and globally is currently developing its own research approaches and knowledge. The article - based on the analysis of foreign scientific literature and the experience of implementing the intervention "Workshop of Opportunities", which was accompanied by an implementation of multi-method research - describes the modern paradigms and strategies of research in social work.It is determined that in the scientific literature we often talk about positivist, interpretive and critical paradigms of research in social work, which differ not only in methodology but also in involving various participants in the research process to build knowledge, which is fundamentally important for the activity and development of social work. It is noted that non-positivist paradigms of research are becoming more widespread, within which subject-subject relations are formed and people who are traditionally excluded from this process are involved in the construction of knowledge.Various research strategies (research in action, narrative analysis, ethnographic research, etc.) and a multimodal approach that may represent the integration of practice and theory of social work are considered. Examples of the use of such strategies in foreign research in social work are given.Self-reflection of participation in the development, implementation and evaluation of the results of the experimental intervention "Studio of Opportunities", which aimed to improve the quality of life related to health in HIV-positive women with children under 6 years by integrating medically and economically oriented programs. The methodology of external and internal evaluation is described, which confirmed that such new interventions can be introduced in social work, for which there are no standardized, validated measurement tools. The conformity of the used research strategies to the ethical principles of social work is discussed, the advantages and limitations of the application of different paradigms (positivist and critical) research are determined.

The article is dedicated to studying of the social nature peculiarities of the new social entity that emerged due to the implementation of the decentralization reform in Ukraine – the united territorial communities (UTC). On the level of sociological theorizing, the authors substantiate the relevance of the «sociological positioning» of the united territorial communities as a new social institution, a new social entity and a new sociocultural form. Based on the results of sociological research with the qualitative methods, the authors distinguish three dimensions / levels of social subjectiveness of the leaders of the united territorial communities as the main representatives of community management – institutional, civic and problem-oriented. Having value and activity-based nature, each of the dimensions of social subjectiveness identified by the researchers finds its manifestation at the dispositional and actualized levels. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of factors that, due to researchers' beliefs, have influenced on the formation of certain dimensions / levels of subjectiveness of UTC leaders – a voluntary (not administrative) way of community association, new financial opportunities and a direct state-community interaction model. It is emphasized that the united territorial community is simultaneously directly embedded in the system of direct social interactions at different levels of social – from interaction with the state (Ministries) at the macro level, construction of practices at the level of interaction with different social groups (businessmen, farmers, state employees, etc.) at the mesolevel before reaching the micro-level of individual interaction within the community itself. Analyzing the results of this study, the researchers conclude that the decentralization reform has contributed to the internal consolidation of local communities at the level of united territorial communities, the intensification of social interaction between different subjects of the UTC, the formation of new sociocultural forms. The analysis of the dimensions / levels of social subjectiveness of the UTC leaders makes it possible to conclude the positioning of the united territorial communities as effective subjects implementation of other reforms in Ukraine at the regional level.

The article explores the problem of the ideology of Putinism. It draws attention to the fact that in modern analytical texts about the phenomenon of Putinism, the dispute between scholars has shifted toward clarifying its ideological foundations. A few years ago, an intense scientific debate about the correctness of usage of the term "Putinism" itself took place. The authors investigate the current analytical publications on the ideological foundations of Putinism. The article points out the divergence of views of researchers on the existence of state ideological doctrine developed in the current Kremlin regime. The purpose of this article is defined as proving the fact that Putinism is not only a practical but also an ideological phenomenon of our age. The authors conclude that the ideology of Putinism exists. It seems convincing to consider Putinism as an ideological doctrine of the hybrid type, the general characteristic of which can be defined as neo-imperialism of the autocratic type with the elements of totalitarianism, "assembled" from a set of different doctrines of the past and present. Among them: Pan-Slavism, Russo-Centrism, Eurasianism and Neo-Eurasianism, Duginism (ideologically extremely close to the ideology of the Third Reich and the ideologists of the German "conservative revolution" at the same time, according to L. Lux), Messianism, Isolationism, Anti-Westernism and Anti-Americanism, Neo-Stalinism, Orthodox Fundamentalism, the role of the strong leader. Putinism as a neo-imperialist ideology is in line with the Kremlin's practice, beginning with Putin's rise to power when neo-colonial wars began on the perimeter of the former Soviet empire. It is partly orientated to suppress internal separatist movements, as it was in the case of Chechnya and partly to attempts to "gathering lands" as in the case of Georgia and now – of Ukraine.

The article analyzes the relevance, factors and prospects of the transformation of modern sociological science. It is noted that digital technologies significantly change the fundamental foundations of social interaction, most everyday social practices, structures and conflicts. This poses a number of serious challenges to sociology as a science. It is emphasized that it is time to think deeply not only about the problem of transformation of what sociology studies, but also about the transformation of sociology itself as a specific intellectual practice. Attention is focused on the need for sociological analysis and interpretation of large-scale and long-term social processes, changes in the traditional way of sociology's participation in the formation of state social policy and the implementation of social reforms. Endogenous factors hindering the leadership of sociological science in the modern public intellectual discourse are identified, namely: fragmentation of sociology, its division into a huge number of directions, particular, local thematizations; lack of research attention of sociologists to the fundamental problems of social life; modern sociology does not form an agenda for public intellectual discourse and scientific research, does not define the problematic field of research and interpretation both at the microsocial level and at the level of societal and global phenomena; it is not socially engaged, does not engage in dialogic interaction with various groups of the public, does not help them to realize their values, interests and problems, to fight for their solution; sociologists do not show activity in related research areas (for example, such as social communications, public relations, advertising, marketing, political consulting, conflict studies), do not use for this a rich arsenal of sociological theoretical concepts, quantitative and qualitative methods; despite the mediatization of social life, sociology is not sufficiently media-based, it is extremely weakly present in the media space. A conclusion is formulated about the need to transform sociological thinking and sociological imagination, the need for serious changes in the educational programs of professional training of students, in particular their practical component, the search for new formats of professional communication.

The article reveals the problematic aspects of the transformation processes of education into a commodity. Education is understood as a social practice and as a social institution. Carrying out a systematic analysis of these processes, the author demonstrates both systemic social, societal threats and (often underestimated) "pitfalls" generated by these processes, as well as possible limitations and even limits of their actualization and deployment. This analysis and demonstration is carried out in the technique of theoretical sociological expertise. The problem of sociology's partial disregard for the commodification of education and the probable prospects and problems arising from this are analyzed. It is emphasized that the uncritical perception of the processes of commodification of education by sociology, especially on the periphery of global neoliberal capitalism, is in itself a threat to education, in particular in the form of a change in the very nature of education as a phenomenon, its evolution from a phenomenon, first of all, a sociocultural phenomenon into a phenomenon primarily economic. Various arguments are given and analyzed in relation to the processes of commodification of education, each of which is named in the article by the name of a sociologist whose analysis is closest to the argument put forward. "Five big" arguments and "seven small" ones are formulated. In their presentation the "dark sides" of the processes of commodification and neoliberalization of education are analyzed in detail. Attention is focused on the analysis of how education is involved in interaction with other social institutions and phenomena, as well as on what effects and post-effects can be generated as a result of education commodification processes. It is emphasized that in this context, the most important plot is the connection between education as a phenomenon and freedom as a social construct – at the micro level, as well as with the social order – at the macro level. A number of conclusions are formulated about such a property of education as autonomy, about its socio-cultural characteristics and about the threats of the market.

Paper describes two basic principles of sociological analysis of ideology in the early XXI century: the principle of double contextualization of M. Burawoy and the principle of the duality of structures and subjects of P. Sztompka. This allowed to clarify the focus of the author's research on the intersection of the plurality of ideologies and multiparadigm of modern sociology. Authors have distinguished a sociological understanding of the transformations of the social role of ideology in the development of societies during the XIX – early XXI century and its three main phases. Taking into account the multiparadigm of ideology, the possibilities of its conceptualization in a number of major sociological metaparadigms and their axiomatic nuclei are analyzed. Paper emphasizes on diversifying the debate on the macro-micro dichotomy in the study of ideology by increasing the invariance in the interpretation of both members of this dichotomy and recognizing the complex nature of structures and subjects that have object-subject characteristics. There is a lack of sociological explication and conceptualization of such a vision of ideology and corresponding methods of empirical research. Therefore, the narrowing of sociological optics to the study of ideology within the socio-constructive direction of sociological theorizing in its critical version is argued. As the importance of studying the practical aspects of ideology and the role of its subjects in social transformations is emphasized today, the position of N. Fairclough was chosen as the main methodological source within the cluster of critical discourse analysis. Paper describes heuristic possibilities and limits of using the theoretical provisions of critical discourse-analysis of N. Fairclough for cognition of ideology. The main characteristics of ideological discourse are argued, as well as the main provisions of critical discourse-analysis are applied to the study of ideology with special attention to its subjects. As a result of the application of these research procedures, an approach to the conceptual scheme of ideology research is developed, which takes into account its object-subject characteristics and allows studying the role of agents and recipients in the construction and consumption of ideology, аs well as in the transformation of social practices and socio-cultural transformations.