Suchergebnisse

This article examines approaches towards studying generations. Millenials are highlighted as a specific object of research. Given their considerable inner diversity and non-uniformity, Russian millenials can be considered to be a holistic generation, which differs from elder generations in terms of social orientations and behavioral characteristics. The social self-identification of Russian millenials is examined, while identity criteria for various youth groups are defined. It is revealed that their self-assessment of status is considerably elevated when compared to elder generations, the former being based on somewhat different criteria. Despite the fact that material well-being, as is the case with elder generations, plays a key role in self-evaluation of status, millenials' self-identification is also based on education level and professional status, which might indicate their willingness to accept the values of a meritocratic society. Millenials' social capital is developed using sources provided by the new information-communication environment, with said sources being more diverse and attainable than ever before. Thanks to these new opportunities for developing social capital, the latter can be used much more efficiently in various environments. Millenials declare their high degree of solidarity with elder generations, while accepting a considerable amount of monetary and non-monetary assistance from the latter. Meanwhile they are extremely sympathetic to various forms of charity and volunteerism, while often participating in such activity themselves. In general, you can say that millenials are rather tightly linked to the system of social exchanges, while being prepared to assume the role of independent subjects of social activity. This article is based on data from a study titled "Differentiation of youth groups: economic activity, demographic behavior, social practices", conducted by the Institute for Social Analysis and Forecasting (Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration) in 2019. The sample, which represents Russia's population from age 18 to 35, consisted of 3.5 thousand respondents.

In Hungary, during 2010-2015 the growing xenophobic attitudes are noticed in the society, and right radical extremist groups gain power. The aim of the article is to identify the most significant factors that encourage xenophobia in Hungary. The types of right organizations and their electoral performance are determined. Our hypothesis is that the activity of right extremist organizations influences the formation of xenophobic social practices in Hungary. By means of factor analysis the author identified the main directions and forms of activity of right radicals, determined the value of socio-economic dynamics of Hungary, characterized the attitudes of society, the law and the ruling elite to the problems of xenophobia and right radicalism. Among the most influential factors we should name: open propaganda of nationalist ideas; constitutional priority to the interests of ethnic Hungarians; parliamentary membership of the Movement "For a Better Hungary"; condoning by the ruling elite, the courts and the police of the right radical activity. The paper presents the trend in the contemporary Hungary: the public demonstrates intolerance to right radicalism in cases of criminal behavior, but for the most part is loyal to its ideologies. Except for oppositional human rights organizations and ethnic communities, a significant part of Hungarian society often shows nearly complete indifference to the issues of xenophobia, racial and ethnic discrimination. The author described five groups of factors that stimulate the reproduction of xenophobic attitudes and practices among various groups of the population: "historical", institutional, socioeconomic, legal and political. The paper uses empirical data of public opinion polls conducted by leading research centers in Hungary, as well as statistical data of public authorities, civil society institutions.

The authors of this article base their reasoning on the fact that company towns are a special type of city space. In order to successfully implement programs for supporting and developing company towns, one must take into account the specific features inherent to the social-territorial community in question. Drawing attention to individual movement practices, them being activities in space, allows for identifying specifics and patterns in that particular social space where they are practiced, and the production of which they are contributing to. The study of the moving practices of industrial company town residents, which in scientific literature is represented by a very limited amount of studies, bears considerable potential for research, since it allows for tracing the entire process of space reproduction. Mobility has a systemic and routine character, being based on specific activity stereotypes and implicit "background expectations". As a result they are rather difficult to register using classic survey methods. The authors of this article base their reasoning on the assumption that studying social movement practices requires the examination of those situations which violate the established social order. The article takes into consideration publications from the "VK" social network as a description for such "situations". As such, the empirical base for the study consists of messages from open-access virtual territorial communities. The authors analyze communities that publish local news from three company towns in Sverdlovsky region (Pervouralsk, Krasnoturyinsk and Revda). The main distinction of the chosen data source is that publications appear upon user initiative, which rules out any influence the researcher might have on the meaning of the message. Content-analysis results allow for drawing a conclusion on the leading role of the automobile for company town residents, as well as on their dissatisfaction with public transport services. Also, the study allows for identifying the city space peculiarities inherent to Ural region company towns, which are defined by the locals' mobility practices and also reproduced by said practices. According to the authors, these peculiarities are as follows: regarding a company town as a closed social-territorial community, perceiving such a city in the vein of outdated, unsafe space and obsolete infrastructure, as well as a certain tension existing between the population and local authorities within the city's social space.

The article presents an overview of the work of the international scientific and practical conference Literary Digital Archive as Cultural Practice and Social Experience, held on October 20, 2022 at the Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences and dedicated to the results of a research project carried out at IMLI with the support of a grant from the Russian Science Foundation (RNF) - Transcript: Politics and Literature. Digital Archive of Literary Organizations of the 1920s-1930s. The essence of the project consisted in digitizing transcripts of meetings of proletarian writers' unions and placing them in a specially prepared digital database. Turning to these sources allows the literary critic to focus on the functions of literary institutions: production, communication, consumption and distribution of material and symbolic goods. The speakers noted the prospects of an extensive path - the expansion of the material involved in digitization, and the intensive development of the project. The discussion of the results ended with general support for the idea of publishing the next volume of the Literary Legacy, dedicated to the history of proletarian writers' unions, the output of which would crown the historical and literary research vector set by the project Transcript: Politics and Literature.

The article deals with the analysis of social justice as a universal value that determines the evaluation of social practices in all the spheres of social life. But the study of such an evaluation of society in the sphere of interethnic relations is faced with a number of theoretical problems. The authors show that when evaluating interethnic relations in accordance with the criterion of social justice, due to the ambiguous interpretation of their meaning, it is necessary to rely on an interdisciplinary approach. An important area of this analysis is the correlation of the theoretical understanding of ethnicity and the practice of state building in the context of the cultural diversity of the population. Two strategies for achieving social justice in the sphere of interethnic relations are shown: the building of the SU ethno-nations and the building of the RF nation with securing civil rights in the sphere of the implementation of ethno-cultural identity and providing conditions for the development of ethno-cultural diversity.

Today people with HIV and AIDS are a social group, which is considered as an object of social work, an object of implementation of social technologies. The special characteristics of this group, their stigmatization and the peculiarities of the socio-legal and socio-medical status have led to the need for a legal and human rights approach in social practice, one of the possible social technologies where there can be social and legal patronage. This article is devoted to the disclosure of the features of the situation in the sphere of the spread of HIV and AIDS in Russia and the Perm Region, the analysis of the technology of social and legal patronage in the work with the group under consideration and the practice of its application in the Perm Region.

Analyzing the practices of development, application and research in managerial
social technologies, the author reveals a number of essential problems in their further
development. The revealed problems are combined into three groups: the problems of
theory and methodology, the problems of development and the problem of practical
application. Basing on the analysis of modern managerial social technologies, the
author suggests comprehensive and universal classification that uses the two criteria:
the content of technology and its functional relevance. The applied research taken by
the author and described in the article reveals that managerial social technologies as a
phenomenon are widespread in contemporary managerial practice. However the
practice is irregular and not systematic, while its efficiency is still low.

This article reveals the socio-psychological essence of the social determinants of typical syndromes of social work objects. It analyzes the possibilities of a socio-psychological approach to understanding the nature of these phenomena. It reveals such concepts as quality of life, typical negative socio-psychological phenomena, including social maladjustment, socially stressful situation, social fears and other phenomena. It also examines the practice of overcoming socially destructive phenomena, in particular, fears.

In this article, the authors attempt to study the role and place of public (municipal) private partnership in the modern organizational and economic mechanism for the development of social infrastructure in Russian territorial entities (primarily, rural municipalities). The article uses the results of systematization of the survey of the heads of the Russian Federation's constituent entities conducted in 2020 with the support of the State Duma Committee on regional policy and problems of the North and Far East.

The article considers the review of village evolution research tendencies. The analysis of research devoted to villagers' psychology study, integrated psychological characteristics of villagers and the factors which influence upon transformation mechanisms of "villagers' consciousness" are presented.

Conventional banking, focused on profit maximizing, shows its inefficiency. The urgent search for alternative models of banking is needed. One of them is a model of social banks. However, the framework of their business practice and principles remain poorly understood. This paper aims at determining the nature of social banking, its distinguishing features and the level of financial sustainability. Inductive and deductive methods of analysis and synthesis, systematic approach, comparison are used. Academic literature review covers the evolution of ideas about social banking. The paper contains the social bank's definition as a special type of commercial bank aimed at maximizing its positive contribution to the development of society through the provision of mainly traditional banking services and based on the principles of sustainable development, transparency and cooperation. The empirical results confirm a high level of financial stability of social banks. The article states the hypothesis about the key role of shareholders' and managers' motivation to create a social bank. Further research requires the development of measurement tools to evaluate social banking.

The article explores new tasks of political education in the complex of social studies subjects and their standardization in connection with new tasks for the formation of personality and citizen in the process of learning and socialization. The formation of the worldview of schoolchildren is mainly realized in the subjects of the socio-scientific cycle — history, social studies, geography. It is necessary to update the sections included in social science, taking into account fundamental scientific directions and certain disciplines that study problems of social development. This approach makes it possible to explain and argue real social practices in the learning process, to show the role and importance of a sovereign state as an institution of political and socio-economic life. It is proposed to significantly advance the positive agenda of the Russian state in the educational process, based on national values in the field of social policy, to supplement the relevant sections of socio-scientific subjects with the study of the problems of modern areas of political education. The article proposes a new structure for studying the subject areas of social studies and the transition in high school to mono-subject teaching.

В статье приведен анализ гендерных особенностей мышления в педагогической практике с применением анкетирования в онлайн-формате. Актуальность статьи обусловлена тем, что гендер - это социальный пол, т. е. его основные характеристики приобретаются в процессе социализации личности. В статье рассмотрены маскулинный, фемининный и андрогинный типы личности в контексте гендерного подхода, при этом акцент сделан на андрогинности как способности личности адаптироваться к новым профессиональным и жизненным условиям, аккумулируя черты маскулинного и фемининного типов, что способствует лучшей адаптации к преодолению стресса. Рассмотрены позиции отечественных и зарубежных специалистов относительно изучения гендерных особенностей мышления. Ведущими методами исследования явились анкетирование и когнитивный анализ, позволяющий систематизировать и типологизировать знания об исследуемом объекте. В ходе работы установлено, что ведущими стилями мышления у студентов являются аналитический, реалистический и прагматический стили, позволяющие добиваться максимально высоких результатов обучения. Синтетический и идеалистический стили проявляются эпизодически, недостаточно ярко выражены. Сформулированы дидактические принципы, которые позволят педагогу максимально раскрыть учебный/творческий потенциал студентов с маскулинным и фемининным типами личности с учетом гендерного подхода.
The article provides the analysis of gender features of the way of thinking in pedagogical practice with introduction of questionnaires in the online format. The relevance of the article is due to the fact that gender is a "social sex", i.e. its basic characteristics are obtained in the process of socialization. The article considers masculine, feminine, and androgyne types of a personality in the context of gender approach, and stresses on androgyny as a capacity of a personality to adapt to new professional and vital conditions, as well as to overcome stress easier. The author treats scientific ideas of Russian and foreign researchers on the issue of gender features of the way of thinking. The key methods of research are questionnaire and cognitive analysis, which allows to systemize and typologize an issued object. The author found out that analytical, realistic and pragmatic way of thinking are typical for students, and allow them to achieve the highest results in learning. Synthetic and idealistic styles of thinking can be traced episodically, they are not so much represented. Didactic principles are formulated, which allow to reveal study and creative potential of students with masculine type of personality and students with feminine type of personality, taking into consideration gender approach. The article is intended for scientists and practicing teachers in the sphere of gender approach in education.

This article analyzes and evaluates management practices in the field of professional mobility of Russian youth from the point of view of the effectiveness of the subjects of management of the system of professional mobility of youth (state, family, education, mass media, expert and professional communities). The study revealed that management practices in the field of professional mobility of young people are characterized by low efficiency and are mainly focused on eliminating the risks of professional mobility. Marked fragmentation of subjects of management system of professional mobility of youth in the conditions of crisis the main element of the system «education – labour market» and the crisis of the institution of education. Risks from the point of view of their detection and prevention is based on reducing the impact of environmental and activity-related risks in the process of professional self-determination and formation of young people not included in management strategies and programs, and even management practices focused on development of innovative methods and channels of professional mobility of young people (all-Russian competitions, projects) that have a real positive effect, have the character of local, fragmentary, not able to radically change the situation in this key area of life-realization of youth. In the end it is stated that a new approach is needed to the management of professional mobility of the youth, based on risk management professional mobility taking into account their nature, derived from the influence of environmental factors (global Informatization, «mobile turn», the crisis of the system of professional socialization, labour market, etc.), and activity expressed in the individualization of the social behavior of youth and a pronounced orientation at a multiple of professionalization and inter-occupational mobility.

The article suggests returning to the "crowd" as an object of sociological analysis. Crowds have attracted early sociologists because crowds were visual embodiments of social forces that surpass individuals and also served as a symbol of the profound social transformations which were taking place in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Analyzing crowds allowed for the first sociologists (G. Simmel, R. Park, M. Weber, E. Durkheim) to oppose the psychological interpretation of mass social phenomena with a purely sociological approach. However, in the second half of the 20th century sociologists had lost almost all interest in the crowd, as it did not meet the interests of researchers of "large" social structures, nor the interests of the proponents of interactionist approaches. This article shows that the crowd can again be made interesting for sociology if we were to consider it from the point of view of the everyday practices of the participants. In these everyday practices a specific form of phronesis, i.e. practical wisdom, technical skill coupled with moral judgment about which action is good and which is not, is implemented. It is shown here that the study of the practical wisdom of walking in a crowd requires special concepts and methods that can be found in phenomenology and ethnomethodology. The article suggests using three such concepts for the analysis of crowds: phenomenal field, oriented object, and figuration of details. With the help of these concepts, the methods of the crowd's situated social order production are analyzed in relation to the management of speed and trajectories of movement, following one another, walkers' stopping and slowing down, and joining the crowd. This analysis shows that the joint production of the crowd's social order by its participants is a situated practice, i.e. it consists of making the local scenes of everyday life familiar and accountable, and of assessing the local adequacy of the actions performed.