Suchergebnisse

Lee Chun Wing John. ; Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2005. ; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 169-181). ; Abstracts in English and Chinese. ; Abstract --- p.1 ; Acknowledgements --- p.3 ; Chapter Chapter 1: --- Introduction --- p.6 ; Chapter Chapter 2: --- Literature Review and Methodology --- p.13 ; Theories in Social Movements --- p.13 ; High-risk Activism --- p.20 ; Collective Identity and Personal/Individual Identity --- p.22 ; Frame Analysis and Identity --- p.29 ; Sources of Data --- p.31 ; Chapter Chapter 3: --- Who are They? --- p.36 ; The Emergence of the Hong Kong Identity --- p.37 ; Phase One --- p.42 ; Phase Two --- p.46 ; Phase Three --- p.51 ; Phase Four --- p.57 ; Phase Five --- p.62 ; Phase Six --- p.66 ; Summary --- p.69 ; Chapter Chapter 4: --- Who are We? --- p.71 ; What is Collective Identity? --- p.72 ; A Common Objective --- p.75 ; Negotiation --- p.80 ; Consciousness: Rule of Law? --- p.84 ; Consciousness: Rights --- p.86 ; Affection Developed through Interaction --- p.92 ; Lack of Unity --- p.98 ; ´بSaiWan´ة --- p.100 ; Summary --- p.103 ; Chapter Chapter 5: --- Who am I? (I) --- p.107 ; Social Identity Theory and Social Movements --- p.108 ; Relative Deprivation --- p.114 ; Illegitimate Inequality --- p.120 ; Views on Outgroups --- p.120 ; Movement Not the Best Option --- p.123 ; Fighting for Individual Status Improvement? --- p.127 ; Chapter Chapter 6: --- Who am I? (II) --- p.131 ; Identity Theory --- p.132 ; A 'Child' Identity --- p.136 ; Psychological Centrality --- p.139 ; Commitments --- p.142 ; Changes after Participation --- p.145 ; Summary --- p.147 ; Chapter Chapter 7: --- Conclusion --- p.150 ; Why They Participated? --- p.150 ; Why Some of Them are so Committed? Why Some of them Want to Quit? --- p.153 ; Politics and the Right of Abode Movement --- p.156 ; Implications --- p.159 ; Identity Politics? --- p.163 ; Appendix --- p.167 ; Bibliography --- p.169

来自贫困家庭的青少年的成长日益受到关注,然而现有应对措施往往以资金援助、慰问探访为主。随着中国内地社会工作服务的发展,政府和公众对其应用于服务该群体有了更多期待。本研究尝试为相关服务提供实证依据。 ; 受社会资本理论的启发,本研究试图探索嵌入于家庭、学校、朋辈和社区关系网络的社会资本对青少年社会心理发展的影响;结合自我效能感和抗逆力理论,亦试图探索主体性因素对外界社会资本的调动作用;比较贫困组与非贫困组在相关机制中存在的差异,建构一套在中国社会和文化情境下适用的理论模型,探索未来服务的方向。本研究以社会调查的方法,从中山市22所高中选取了1,627名学生参与研究,包括贫困组学生571人,非贫困组1056人。本研究尝试回答四个研究问题:第一,来自贫困家庭的青少年与来自非贫困家庭的青少年在社会心理发展、社会资本及自我效能感和抗逆力方面是否存在差异?第二,不同维度的社会资本对社会心理发展有怎样的影响?第三,自我效能感和抗逆力是否能在社会资本和社会心理发展之间发挥中介效应?第四,贫困组与非贫困组的青少年在社会资本、主体性对社会心理发展的影响机制上是否存在差异? ; 通过t检定发现,相较于非贫困组,贫困组有较好的亲社会行为和学业成就表现,而在精神健康和社交能力方面不存在显著的差异;贫困组在学校社会资本、朋辈社会资本和社区社会资本方面有较高的水平,而在家庭社会资本方面不存在显著的差异;贫困组相较而言有较高的抗逆力水平。 ; 结构方程模型的结果支持了家庭社会资本、学校社会资本和朋辈社会资本对青少年的社会心理发展存在直接的正向影响的假设,同时,不同的社会资本亦可以通过自我效能感和抗逆力对青少年的社会心理发展产生间接的影响。然而,本研究亦发现社区社会资本对精神健康和社交能力的直接影响是负向的。 ; 多群组结构方程模型的结果指出,贫困组与非贫困组在社会资本、主体性因素对社会心理发展的影响大致相同,但在部分路径上存在显著差异。这亦体现出在服务项目设计时需要留意到的贫困组与非贫困组之间在相关机制上存在的差异。本研究亦展现了社会资本的互惠性。此外,研究发现亦反映出社会资本的规范和制裁功能可能对被标签的群体的主体性因素提升带来限制。 ; 本研究整合了社会资本理论、自我效能感理论和抗逆力理论,探索了社会资本、自我效能感和抗逆力对贫困家庭的青少年的社会心理发展的影响。在中国内地本土化的尝试以及对来自贫困家庭的青少年的关注亦拓展了现有理论的适用性。本研究对实务的启发在于,提出可以透过投入社会资本,提升自我效能感及抗逆力,进而有效地促进青少年的成长与发展。研究者亦对现有的对经济弱势群体的刻板印象提出了质疑,同时对社会资本的双重效应以及社会福利传递过程可能产生的"污名"效应提出了反思。 ; There has been an increasing concern on the development of adolescents form economically disadvantaged families. However, the policy and service for this group of young people remain in the forms of financial assistance and home visit. With the development of social work service in mainland China, the government and public have more expectation on its implementation for serving this group. This research provided empirical evidence for related service. ; Based on social capital theory, this study explored the influences of social capital embedded in the networks of family, school, peers, and community. It also integrated the self-efficacy theory and resilience theory into the theoretical framework to examine the role of personal agency in mobilizing various forms social capital. Moreover, by comparing the differences between the poor and the non-poor group, the study established a ...

Li Shuk-wan. ; Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2002. ; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 196-203). ; Abstracts in English and Chinese. ; ABSTRACT --- p.I ; 摘要 --- p.II ; ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.III ; Chapter CHAPTER 1. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 ; Statement of Goals --- p.1 ; The Feminization of The Occupation --- p.4 ; Setting: The Development of Gender Rights in Hong Kong --- p.10 ; Literature Review --- p.11 ; Methodology --- p.20 ; Field Observation --- p.23 ; About Skyhawk Air --- p.24 ; Questionnaires with the General Public --- p.25 ; Media Data --- p.25 ; Field and Thesis Languages --- p.26 ; Ethical Issues --- p.26 ; Outline of Thesis --- p.27 ; Chapter CHAPTER 2. --- "NEGOTIATING ""HUNGJE"" STEREOTYPES IN PUBLIC DISCOURSE" --- p.30 ; "Discourse, Ideologies, and the Normalized Public" --- p.30 ; Images of Hungje in the Media: The Public/Private Dichotomy --- p.33 ; Kind and Caring Mothers --- p.35 ; Friendly Neighbors --- p.37 ; Agents of Smile --- p.38 ; Beauty Icon --- p.41 ; Sex Icon --- p.44 ; Stereotypical Images of Hungje in Public Discourse --- p.47 ; FAs' Responses to Stereotypical Images in Public Discourse --- p.49 ; """Hungje and the Public/Private Dichotomy" --- p.50 ; """I am a Flight Attendant"" and ""I Work in the Airline Industry """ --- p.52 ; Chapter CHAPTER 3. --- RECRUITING THE RELEVANT BODY --- p.62 ; Experiences of Recruitment --- p.62 ; """To See and To Be Seen""" --- p.66 ; Phoenix Air Recruitment --- p.68 ; The Face --- p.68 ; "A """Pro ´ح Dress Code" --- p.70 ; The Arm-Reach --- p.71 ; "The ""Official"" FA Image" --- p.72 ; Tiger Air Recruitment --- p.73 ; The Arm-Reach --- p.73 ; The Standing Posture --- p.73 ; The FA Image --- p.74 ; The Sitting Posture --- p.75 ; "The ""Official"" FA Image" --- p.76 ; The Skin --- p.77 ; The Hairstyle --- p.78 ; Body Gestures --- p.79 ; Pre-Employment Briefing --- p.81 ; Conclusion --- p.82 ; Chapter CHAPTER 4. --- CREATING AN APPROPRIATE MARKETABLE IMAGE --- p.84 ; The Training Course --- p.85 ; Image Management at ...

近年来,针对就业和就学中遭遇歧视的困境,中国乙肝携带者发起一场要求消除歧视、维护合法权益的抗争运动。为什么乙肝携带者就业歧视问题在中国如此显著?面对国家和市场这两大最具权势的系统,公民社会将何以对抗?本文旨在从社会学的视角对这场"将'乙肝'去除"的运动进行解读。 ; 本文采用个案研究方法,以北京益仁平中心为主要研究对象,围绕 "乙肝"在中国的建构和重构过程,将研究聚焦于三个方面:第一,乙肝污名化过程以及国家、市场中的话语权;第二,反乙肝歧视维权运动的条件和动员机制;第三,"将'乙肝'去除"中的政治和权力话语三角。 ; 本文从社会运动理论中的资源动员、政治机会结构和框架理论出发解读中国乙肝携带者的维权运动;将运动中的微观景象与宏观社会结构结合起来,考察影响乙肝携带者维权运动的主要因素以及运动的动员机制。研究伊始分别从国家和市场两个领域审视乙肝歧视问题在中国的建构过程,阐明乙肝污名化是政府权威以及市场中医药商和医学权威共谋下的合力作用,从而为乙肝携带者反歧视抗争运动的后续研究选择一个合适的立足点。笔者在案例中发现,组织在维权运动中将乙肝携带者群体动员起来,采取有效的策略,充分利用其在资源获得方面的优势、建立乙肝维权组织网络、善于把握时机营造政治机会空间、并能够吸纳律师和媒体的专业力量是维权行动能取得成功的重要因素。 ; 组织在维权行动中的话语框架对运动的发展至关重要。乙肝携带者群体对组织运动框架的认同是动员成功的基础;掌握定义"乙肝"的主动权、运动领袖的可信性、框架话语表达的日常化、与媒体的良好关系等策略有助于框架在动员中与参与者、旁观者产生共鸣;抗争精英通过话语框架为抗争活动提供合法性。 ; 反乙肝歧视维权运动可以看作是一个"将'乙肝'去除"的"去污名化"运动。一方面,中央政府与地方政府有着各自自主性利益;另一方面,乙肝携带者群体内部就抗争形式也难以统一,这两种分裂情况交叉形成了一个围绕"将'乙肝'去除"的,以规则、效益和权利为话语的权力三角,支撑反歧视行动的抗争空间。权力三角的多变性决定去除"乙肝"的行动是有策略的、冒险的,但却相对稳定。 ; Hepatitis B Virus carriers (HBVers) have launched series social movements targeting at eliminating discriminations against HBVers in job market and promoting fair employment in recent decade of years. Why does nowhere match the HBV discrimination in such country like China? How is contentious politics possible when the powerless engage in struggles with power holders, like state and market in China? The thesis attempts to learn the intricacies of body politics with sociological approaches. ; Yirenping, a NGO located in Beijing, is selected as research object in this case study. Concentrating on the political nature of the HBV confrontations, this thesis is comprised of three parts: first, the stigmatization of HBV in China; second, tactics and strategies that employed against the system of discrimination; third, the politics of "Removing HBV" and the power triangle among state, market and civil society. ; The analysis of the HBV movement is informed by three sociological theories of social movements: resource mobilization, political opportunity structure and framing, meanwhile macro structure and micro interaction are combined. It is ...

本研究是一項關於北京中年抑鬱症患者主觀經驗的敘事分析。研究的目的在於探尋患者對於自身患病歷程的主觀詮釋,他們的服務需求以及對於中國大陸精神衛生社會工作進行反思。研究的參與對象為目的性抽樣所得到的來自北京的一個抑鬱癥自助團體的八名中年抑鬱癥患者。 ; 患者回顧了他們不同階段的經歷:發病期、住院期以及康復期。然後他們對於這些經歷做了詮釋。基於不同領域的社會服務需求,對於醫院、社區、大眾傳媒以及政府,他們都給出了寶貴的意見。 ; 研究發現,既有的理論觀點對於關著對自身經歷的詮釋有著重要的影響,尤其是生物醫學模型。認知觀點和性別觀點也可以在患者們的敘事中找到蹤跡。精神科醫生在患者的整個經歷中都處於重要的地位,他們的觀點和行為對患者也產生了重要的影響。 ; 患者還受到社會和歷史因素的影響。他們的詮釋會受到社會觀念和文化價值的影響,比如命運、面子、孝順以及性別角色等等。而歷史事件諸如文化大革命以及天安門事件也會對他們的人生經歷以及他們的主觀詮釋造成影響。而中國目前的社會情境也是另一項重要的影響因素。 ; 從他們的故事中,我們可以看到,最重要的主題就是他們在患病過程中認知模式的轉變,包括對待抑鬱癥本身,所接受的服務以及自身的看法。在他們的敘述中,另外兩個主題也是非常值得注意的,那就是和抑鬱症有關的"喪失以及醫院裡非人道的治療方式。 ; 他們的故事為我們對於北京中年抑鬱症患者經歷的理解提供了非常豐富詳實的材料。這些發現對於知識理論的發展、政策的制定以及針對抑鬱症患者的臨床社會工作實踐都有著很大的啟示。整個社會以及不同領域的精神衛生專業人士都應該攜起手來幫助他們,共同去創造一個更加包容和諧的社會。 ; This research was a narrative analysis of the subjective experiences of the depressed middle-aged adults in Beijing, China. The purposes of the research were to explore the clients' subjective interpretation of their lived experience of depression, their service needs and reflect on the improvement of mental health social work in Mainland China. A purposive sample of eight depressed clients from a self-help group in a mental health hospital in Beijing participated in this study. ; The clients talked about their experiences at different stages: the onset, in the hospital and the rehabilitation, and interpreted their experiences. They also gave some advice to the hospital, the community, the mass media and the government based on their social service needs. ; The theoretical perspectives influenced the clients' interpretations of their experiences, especially the biomedical model. The cognitive perspective and the gender perspective could also be found in the client's narratives. The psychiatrists were very important in the whole process of the clients' experiences. Their perspectives and behaviors also influenced the clients. ; It is found that the clients were also influenced by social and historical factors. Their interpretations were affected by social beliefs and cultural values such as fate, face, filial piety and ...

Man Chi-shing. ; Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2001. ; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 198-205). ; Abstracts in English and Chinese. ; List of Tables --- p.i. ; Abstract --- p.ii. ; 摘要 --- p.iii. ; Acknowledgement --- p.iv. ; Chapter Chapter 1 --- Going into migrants in the Pearl River Delta --- p.1 ; Chapter I --- The living strategy besides political resistance --- p.2 ; Chapter II --- Exploring the migrants in township-and-village areas of the Pearl River Delta --- p.6 ; Chapter III --- Methodology --- p.9 ; Chapter IV --- Overview of this study --- p.13 ; Chapter V --- Terms clarification --- p.14 ; Chapter Chapter 2 --- Literature review: understanding migrants in South China --- p.16 ; Chapter I --- Migration --- p.18 ; Chapter II --- Floating population in China after the economic reforms --- p.22 ; Chapter III --- Theoretical framework --- p.38 ; Chapter Chapter 3 --- A dichotomous community: the construction of oppressed and oppressor in Tianshen Township --- p.59 ; Chapter I --- Going down to the field site --- p.60 ; Chapter II --- Unequal relationships between the oppressed and the oppressor --- p.73 ; Chapter III --- Concluding remarks --- p.97 ; Chapter Chapter 4 --- "The voice from migrants: ""The outside world is splendid, but also ruthless.""" --- p.102 ; Chapter I --- Living experience --- p.103 ; Chapter II --- Working experience --- p.110 ; Chapter III --- Floating: a short stage of life --- p.117 ; Chapter IV --- Concluding remarks --- p.131 ; Chapter Chapter 5 --- Exit and familism: the ways to accommodate dissatisfaction --- p.135 ; Chapter I --- The infrequency of direct confrontation --- p.136 ; Chapter II --- Job switching as a from of self-defense --- p.140 ; Chapter III --- The significance of family support --- p.148 ; Chapter IV --- A case study: the entanglement between survival and exploitation --- p.157 ; Chapter V --- Concluding remarks --- p.163 ; Chapter Chapter 6 --- Economic retreatism: the basic reason of the social stability in the Pearl ...

貧窮既是一種客觀況,又是一種主觀心感受。既有的研究很少關注老年人自身關於貧窮的經驗,特別是缺乏華人社會背景下貧窮老人主觀經驗的研究。本研究試圖從個體的層面考察貧窮對於中國城市老人多重面向的負面影響,以及他們如何回應這些負面影響,在此基礎上為改善與貧窮老人有關的社會政策提出適切的建議。 ; 基於這一研究目的,本研究從批判老年學和抗逆力的理論視角出發,採取建構主義範式和生命故事的研究取向,以中國北京的城市貧窮老人為例,選取17位城市貧窮老人為研究物件,深入研究中國城市貧窮老人的各種壓力,以及抗逆力的內外保護性因素回應這些壓力的機制及其所起到的作用。 ; 研究發現,中國城市貧窮老人面臨經濟壓力、疾病與老化的壓力、逆反哺與照顧配偶的壓力,以及貧窮恥感的壓力。貧窮在城市老人的主觀經驗裡意味著多重壓力的相迭,這從主觀經驗的角度揭示了中國城市貧窮老人的多重弱勢。 ; 作為抗逆力外在保護性因素的社會支持,它的實現機制因其類型的不同而相異。代際支持對提升抗逆力的作用受到代際團結和代際張力的共同影響;其他非正式支持對提升抗逆力的作用受到互惠關係的影響;社會政策的支持對提升抗逆力的作用受到人情倫理的雙重性和代群差異的影響。這些機制共同決定了貧窮老人的非正式支援日趨弱化,而社會政策和專業服務提供的正式支援有待加強。 ; 作為貧窮老人抗逆力的內在保護性因素,工具性策略由獨立性的要求所驅動,意義創造遵循追尋自我價值和重構貧窮經驗這兩條路徑。意義創造在貧窮老人的內在保護性因素中發揮著更為根本性的作用。內外保護性因素的比較有助於我們識別城市貧窮老人中更脆弱的次群體。 ; 基於這一研究發現,本研究在原有研究框架的基礎上,補充了貧窮老人的多重壓力和保護性因素的實現機制,擴展了貧窮老人抗逆力研究的研究框架。文章的最後提出了社會政策的具體建議。 ; Poverty is both an objective condition and a kind of subjective psychological feeling. However, existing studies pay little attention to older people's own experience of poverty, especially lacking of studies on subjective experience of the aged poor in the Chinese context. This research attempts to explore from the individual level, the multi-dimensional negative effects of poverty on the aged poor in urban China and how they respond to these impacts. On this basis, appropriate social policies were proposed to improve the living conditions of the aged poor. ; Taking the constructivist position and life story approach, this study was conducted from the perspectives of resilience theory and critical gerontology and used the urban aged poor in Beijing, China as an example. Seventeen urban aged poor were selected as the sample for in-depth interview and their multiple stresses, and the mechanisms of internal and external protective factors of resilience in response to their stresses and their functions were investigated. ; Research findings show that China's urban aged poor suffer stresses from economic pressure, diseases and aging, taking care of their spouses, inverse nurturing, and shamefulness of poverty. Poverty means a combination of multiple stresses in ...