Suchergebnisse

Rad sagledava bunkerske sustave upisane u topografiju europskog kontinenta kao vrstu znakova koji označavaju rituale prijelaza iz jednog geopolitičkog i društveno-političkog stanja u drugo. Oni time funkcioniraju kao vrsta simbolizacije ratne traume, poput znakova koji ostaju urezani u kožu poslije rituala prijelaza kod "primitivnih naroda". Uzimajući u obzir teze socijalnog psihologa Richarda Koenigsberga da postoji identifikacija ega pojedinca s formacijom nacionalnog ega te teze Sigmunda Freuda da je ego uvijek povezan s površinom kože, naglašava se uloga arhitekture kao proizvoda označavanja kože pri ritualima prijelaza. Danas, kad migranti prolaze pokraj bunkera iz Drugog svjetskog rata na hrvatskomađarskoj granici da bi se provukli kroz novosagrađenu ogradu s čeličnim žiletima, stvara se novi ožiljak na koži Europe, formira se njezin novi identitet, a društvo u cijelosti sudjeluje u ritualu prijelaza iz starog u još uvijek nepoznato novo. ; This paper focuses on the bunker systems inscribed in the topography of the European continent as a sort of signs indicating rites of passage from one geopolitical and socio-political state into another. They symbolize the war trauma in a way, like signs that remain incised in one's skin after the rites of passage practiced by the "primitive peoples". In reference to the hypothesis of social psychologist Richard Koenigsbergad that the individual tends to identify himself with the formation of the national ego, and that of Sigmund Freud, for whom the Ego is always related to the surface of the skin, architecture is seen as a product of marking the skin in rites of passage. Today, when migrants pass by the bunkers from World War II at the Croatian-Hungarian border in order to squeeze themselves through the newly erected fence with steel blades, a new scar emerges on the skin of Europe, shaping its new identity, and the society as a whole participates in this rite of passage from the old state into a new one, still unforeseeable.

O razlozima iseljavanja iz Hrvatske do sada se najčešće pisalo s aspekta politike useljavanja u pojedine države, a manje politike iseljavanja iz domovine. Ovim se radom stoga žele pokazati razvojne faze iseljeničkoga režima u socijalističkoj Jugoslaviji/Hrvatskoj, što će se pratiti preko angažmana mjerodavnih institucija u Hrvatskoj s posebnim naglaskom na ulogu Komisije za iseljenička pitanja. U analizi će poslužiti fondovi Hrvatskoga državnog arhiva vezani uz institucije (uprava i javne službe), pisma iseljenika za emisiju Radio-televizije Zagreb "Našim građanima u svijetu", kao i anketni upitnici radnika na privremenom radu u Saveznoj Republici Njemačkoj. Na temelju navedenih izvora želi se dokazati da se vlast u socijalističkoj Hrvatskoj brinula o sudbini iseljenika i povratnika, ali i radnih migranata (gastarbajtera), otvarajući prostor za ono što danas nazivamo javno-privatnim partnerstvom u pružanju usluga migrantima. ; The reasons for emigration from Croatia have thus far been analysed mostly from the aspect of immigration policy, but less often from the aspect of the policies of emigration to individual countries. Therefore, it was not even possible to monitor the continuity of Croatian policy towards the emigration, whose connections with previous periods significantly influenced the phases of emigration and return of the population in the socialist period. Precisely for this reason, the aim of this paper is to present a broader picture of the reaction of socialist Yugoslavia/Croatia to the emigration and the return of the population in the period from 1945 to 1970. This was monitored through the reactions of the government and the administrative apparatus (institutions and legislation), with special reference to the involvement of relevant institutions (administrations and public services) in Croatia, which played a key role in organising activities related to emigration and return. Among them, the Commission for Emigrant Issues stood out the most, having one of the more complex roles related to emigration/return observed through its scope, adopting normative acts, and cooperating with other institutions in Croatia (Croatian Heritage Foundation, Radio-Television Zagreb, Institute for Migration, Section of Social Psychology, University of Zagreb). Of particular interest was the cooperation with the last on the development of an emigrant survey, which was the beginning of sociological, economic, and socio-psychological research on the phenomenon of work outside the homeland (or guest worker experience). Based on the analysis, we prove that the government in socialist Croatia cared about the fate of emigrants and returnees by making room for what we now call public-private partnerships in providing services to emigrants—in other words, that emigration policy played an important role in building a welfare state in Yugoslavia/Croatia. Therefore, the approach to the topic was based on works in the field of social policy, while the analysis was made using the funds of the Croatian State Archives related to institutions (administrations and public services), letters from emigrants for the Radio-Television Zagreb show To Our Citizens in the World, and survey questionnaires for temporary workers in the Federal Republic of Germany.

Cilj je rada ustanoviti je li u Europskoj uniji i Republici Hrvatskoj došlo do smanjenja broja građana koji se identificiraju kao građani Europske unije te koji elementi utječu na dinamiku kreiranja europskoga identiteta. Razlog se istraživanja tematike vidi u rastu populističkih narativa u Europskoj uniji koji su npr. vodili izlasku Velike Britanije iz Europske unije. Međutim, za razliku od uobičajenih politoloških analiza koncepta europskoga identiteta u radu se nastoji dati uvid u interdisciplinarni okvir proučavanja. U prvome se dijelu rad donosi pregled teorija kolektivnoga identiteta u psihologiji i antropologiji. Psihološke se teorije identiteta interpretiraju socijalnom i kulturalnom psihologijom. Antropološke se teorije identiteta dijele na ranije i postmoderne antropološke interpretacije. Fokus je rada na interpretiranju kategorije europskog identiteta, proizvoljno odabranim elementima psihologije i antropologije. Metodološki dio rada obuhvaća analizu i interpretaciju statističkih podataka na temelju niza longitudinalnoga istraživanja Eurobarometer Standard. Kod analize podataka pravi se razlika između razine Europske unije i razine Republike Hrvatske. Rezultati provedene analize upućuju na rast hibridnoga oblika identiteta koji se sastoji od nacionalnoga identiteta na prvome mjestu i europskoga identiteta na drugome mjestu. Isto tako, građani Europske unije smatraju da im je identitetski bliža lokalna razina države, grada ili sela. Konačno, elementi koji kreiraju dinamiku razvoja europskoga identiteta nisu isti za sve građane Europske unije te ovise o široj društveno-političkoj situaciji. ; The main goal of this article is to establish whether in the European Union and Croatia there has been a decrease in the number of citizens who identify themselves as citizens of the European Union, and what are the elements that contribute to the dynamics of creation of the European identity. The reason for exploring this particular topic is the growth of populist narratives in the European Union that potentially led to the UK's exit from the European Union. However, unlike the usual political analysis of the concept of European identity, the article tries to provide an interdisciplinary insight. The first part of the article provides an overview of the theories of collective identity in psychology and anthropology. Psychological identity theories are interpreted through social and cultural psychology. Anthropological theories of identity are divided into earlier and postmodern anthropological interpretations. The focus of the article is on interpreting the European identity through arbitrarily selected psychological and anthropological elements. The methodological part of the paper covers the analysis and interpretation of statistics based on the Eurobarometer Standard series of longitudinal surveys. When analyzing data, a distinction is made between, on one hand, the European Union and, on the other hand, the country of Croatia. The results of the analysis indicate the growth of a hybrid form of identity consisting of national identity in the first place and European identity in the second place. Furthermore, citizens of the European Union consider that their local, national or rural, level is closer to their identity. Finally, the elements that govern the dynamics of European identity development are not the same for all EU citizens and depend on the wider socio-political situation.

Major developmental psychology theories, such as psychoanalytic, behavioural or cognitive, have tried to explain how people grow and change over the course of a lifetime. These theories have mainly focused on the stages of development early in life - from infancy to adolescence - leaving the impression that after adolescence no significant leaps in development occur. However, a large body of evidence that has emerged recently revealed that becoming an adult is much more complicated and temporally extended than previously believed. The aim of this paper was to use an interdisciplinary approach to tap into the issue of transition to adulthood by integrating recent brain and cognitive maturational findings from neuroscience and cognitive psychology while considering traditional and legal markers of adulthood. We first discuss some of the questions related to definitions of the period of adulthood through societal and legal frameworks. Next, we examine some of the prevailing views on protracted structural and functional brain maturation and its impact on cognitive development, emphasizing the need and the potential value of investigating how these changes may influence important life choices during early young adulthood that have long-lasting consequences. Finally, based on evidence from existing research, we highlight the importance of deeper appreciation and integration of findings from different research disciplines in order to better understand strengths and vulnerabilities of young adults. ; Numerosas teorías de la psicología de desarrollo, como la teoría psicoanalítica, conductual o cognitivista, han tratado de explicar cómo la gente madura y cambia durante la vida. Estas teorías se han enfocado en etapas tempranas de vida – desde la niñez hasta la adolescencia – dejando la impresión que después de la adolescencia no hay saltos significativos en el desarrollo. Sin embargo, las investigaciones del desarrollo humano en los últimos veinte años han demostrado que la maduración es un proceso mucho más complejo y duradero de lo que se suponía antes. El objetivo de este trabajo fue, a través de un enfoque interdisciplinario, investigar la transición a la edad adulta a través de los resultados recientes de las investigaciones en el campo de neurociencia y psicología cognitiva sobre la maduración del cerebro y las habilidades cognitivas, a la vez teniendo en cuenta los límites tradicionales y legislativos de la edad adulta. En la primera parte del trabajo se discute sobre ciertas cuestiones relacionadas con cómo definir la edad adulta a través de los marcos sociales y legales. Luego investigamos en qué modo la maduración estructural y funcional prolongada del cerebro influye en las habilidades cognitivas, acentuando la necesidad y el valor de investigaciones del modo en el que estos cambios pueden influir en la toma de decisiones importantes durante la edad adulta temprana, y que pueden tener consecuencias a largo plazo. En fin, a base de las pruebas de investigaciones existentes, acentuamos la importancia de aceptar e integrar los hallazgos de diferentes disciplinas de investigación para entender mejor las fuerzas y la vulnerabilidad de personas jóvenes que están a punto de pasar a la edad adulta. ; Brojne su teorije razvojne psihologije, poput psihoanalitičke, biheviorističke ili kognitivističke, pokušale objasniti kako ljudi sazrijevaju i mijenjaju se tijekom života. Ove su teorije usmjerene na rane životne faze – od djetinjstva do adolescencije – ostavljajući dojam kako nakon adolescencije ne dolazi do značajnijih skokova u razvoju. Međutim, istraživanja su ljudskog razvoja u posljednjih 20-ak godina pokazala kako je sazrijevanje puno složenije te vremenski dugotrajnije nego se prethodno smatralo. Cilj je ovoga pregleda bio interdisciplinarnim pristupom istražiti pitanje prijelaza u odraslu dob prikazom najnovijih rezultata istraživanja o sazrijevanju mozga i kognitivnih sposobnosti iz područja neuroznanosti i kognitivne psihologije istovremeno razmatrajući tradicionalne i zakonom određene granice odraslosti. U prvom se dijelu rada raspravlja o određenim pitanjima vezanim uz definiranje razdoblja odraslosti kroz društvene i pravne okvire. Zatim se navodi kako produljeno strukturalno i funkcionalno sazrijevanje mozga utječe na kognitivne sposobnosti, naglašavajući potrebu i vrijednost istraživanja načinā na koje ove promjene mogu utjecati na donošenje važnih odluka tijekom rane odrasle dobi, a koje mogu imati dalekosežne posljedice. Konačno, na temelju se dokaza iz postojećih istraživanja ističe važnost prihvaćanja i integriranja nalaza iz različitih istraživačkih disciplina kako bi se bolje razumjela snaga i ranjivosti mladih osoba na pragu odrasle dobi.

Suvremeni pristupi određenju zdravlja već su dugo pod utjecajem shvaćanja koji ga opisuju kao stanje potpunog tjelesnog, duševnog i socijalnog blagostanja, a ne samo odsustva bolesti. Naročito osjetljive društvene skupine poput obitelji, djece i mladih, ali i brojne specifične kategorije stanovništva poput izbjeglica, siromašnih, etničkih, seksualnih ili rasnih manjinskih skupina pogođene su dodatno u zajednicama u kojima žive upravo putem utjecaja koji prema njima vrše članovi te iste zajednice. Zbog toga su se tijekom posljednjih desetljeća u teoriji i praksi različitih profesija koje se bave zdravljem stanovništva (kao što su to medicina, socijalni rad, psihologija i druge) razvili pristupi i modeli koji zdravlju pristupaju unutar paradigme razvoja zajednice i promocije zdravlja. Time su na neki način zajednica i koncept zdravlja postali nerazdvojivo povezani. Zdravlje u zajednici predstavlja sposobnost zajednice da stvori i uspješno koristi resurse s ciljem podrške dobrobiti i kvalitete života zajednice. Razvoj zajednice odnosi se na proces njegovanja osjećaja zajednice, jačanja socijalnih veza među ljudima, podizanja kohezije s ciljem postizanja harmonične, podržavajuće, i za život poticajne i zanimljive okoline ljudima. On se zasniva na razvoju resursa u zajednici koji se mogu između ostalog pronaći u grupama za samopomoć, sustavu socijalne podrške ili razvoju sustava koji jačaju sudjelovanje građana u usmjeravanju i oblikovanju zdravstvenih prioriteta. Promocija zdravlja u zajednici predstavlja konceptualni okvir koji naglašava primarnu prevenciju i perspektivu utemeljenu na suradnji sa stanovništvom, a na nju se može gledati kao na filozofiju, proces, projekt ili ishod. Razvoj zajednice i promocija zdravlja u zajednici sadrže fundamentalno vjerovanje da ljudi mogu identificirati i rješavati svoje probleme. S tim ciljem razvijeni su brojni modeli rada u zajednici od kojih su neki postavljeni ideal-tipski, a neki su proizašli iz prakse rada stručnjaka diljem svijeta. U radu su prikazane neke ključne odrednice koncepata razvoja zajednice i promocije zdravlja, obilježja konteksta u kojima se procesi razvoja zajednice i promocije zdravlja odvijaju, specifičnosti pojedinih modela rada, njihovih ključnih vrijednosnih odrednica i njihovi ciljevi. Zaključno, istaknuto je kako razvoj zajednice i promocija zdravlja u zajednici predstavljaju suštinski aspekt suvremene prakse i politike zdravlja te kako se koristeći zajednicu kao ishodišnu točku svojih intervencija mogu postići značajni uspjesi u unapređenju položaja različitih, osobito ranjivih, društvenih skupina te ujedno utjecati na smanjenje financijskih troškova povezanih s postizanjem tog cilja. ; Modern approaches to health determination have been influenced since long time ago by the notions that describe it as a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being,and not just the absence of illness. Particularly vulnerable social groups such as families, children and young people, as well as many specific categories of the population such as refugees, poor people, ethnic, sexual or racial minority groups are additionally affected in the communities in which they live by the influence exerted on them by members of that same community. As a result, approaches and models have evolved in the theory and practice of different professions dealing with population health (such as medicine, social work, psychology, etc.) within the last decades, within the paradigm of community development and health promotion. In this way, the community and the concept of health became inseparable. Community health is the ability of a community to create and successfully use resources to support the well-being and quality of life of the community. Community development refers to the process of fostering a sense of community, strengthening social ties between people, raising cohesion with the aim of achieving a harmonious, supportive, and stimulating and engaging environment for people. It builds on the development of community resources that can be found, among other things, in self-help groups, the social support system, or the development of systems that enhance citizen participation in directing and shaping health priorities. Community health promotion is a conceptual framework that emphasizes primary prevention and a community-based perspective, and can be viewed as a philosophy, process, project or outcome. Community development and community health promotion contain the fundamental belief that people can identify and solve their problems. To this end, a number of community-based work models have been developed, some of which are ideally-typed and some derived from the practice of professionals around the world. The paper presents some key determinants of the concepts of community development and health promotion, the characteristics of the contexts in which the processes of community development and health promotion take place, the specifics of particular models of work, their key values and their goals. In conclusion, it was emphasized that community development and promotion of community health are an essential aspect of contemporary health practices and policies, and that using the community as a starting point for their interventions can achieve significant success in promoting the position of diverse, especially vulnerable, social groups and at the same time reducing financial costs associated with achieving that goal.