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During the '90s, we witnessed in Europe the spread of types of relationships between public administration and private organizations derived from the two main categories of contracting out and accreditation. These models, linked to the process of developing new modes of governance, also focus on forms of contracting between providers and users of services. This contractual configuration of local welfare systems seems to encourage "civil society" and recipients to play a more active role in designing interventions and putting them into practice. Nonetheless, many questions still remain, especially about the different position assumed by the beneficiaries in the case of intervention theoretically aimed to ensure or increase their "freedom of choice". This paper sets out to analyse these questions with specific reference to the implementation of the Italian legal reform of social assistance. only subscribers can see the full article. ; Sono ormai diversi anni che si discute, e si sperimenta, l'introduzione di contratti nelle politiche sociali in tutti i paesi europei1. La contrattualizzazione non è, probabilmente, la principale idea-guida che direziona gli assi dei cambiamenti degli strumenti di policy2, ma è senza dubbio una nozione dotata di una notevole forza attrattiva. L'idea di incorporare contratti e dimensioni contrattuali nelle politiche sociali, infatti, è in rapporto stretto col repertorio di idee, obiettivi e strumenti di policy sul quale fanno perno le riconfigurazioni approntate a livello europeo (Bifulco, Vitale, in corso di pubblicazione). Una delle parole chiave che più frequentemente viene associata alla contrattualizzazione è quella di "attivazione", non a caso, un'altra idea centrale per le rielaborazioni attuali della cittadinanza sociale (Borghi, 2005; Borghi, van Berkel, in corso di pubblicazione) (.).

During the '90s, we witnessed in Europe the spread of types of relationships between public administration and private organizations derived from the two main categories of contracting out and accreditation. These models, linked to the process of developing new modes of governance, also focus on forms of contracting between providers and users of services. This contractual configuration of local welfare systems seems to encourage "civil society" and recipients to play a more active role in designing interventions and putting them into practice. Nonetheless, many questions still remain, especially about the different position assumed by the beneficiaries in the case of intervention theoretically aimed to ensure or increase their "freedom of choice". This paper sets out to analyse these questions with specific reference to the implementation of the Italian legal reform of social assistance. only subscribers can see the full article. ; Sono ormai diversi anni che si discute, e si sperimenta, l'introduzione di contratti nelle politiche sociali in tutti i paesi europei1. La contrattualizzazione non è, probabilmente, la principale idea-guida che direziona gli assi dei cambiamenti degli strumenti di policy2, ma è senza dubbio una nozione dotata di una notevole forza attrattiva. L'idea di incorporare contratti e dimensioni contrattuali nelle politiche sociali, infatti, è in rapporto stretto col repertorio di idee, obiettivi e strumenti di policy sul quale fanno perno le riconfigurazioni approntate a livello europeo (Bifulco, Vitale, in corso di pubblicazione). Una delle parole chiave che più frequentemente viene associata alla contrattualizzazione è quella di "attivazione", non a caso, un'altra idea centrale per le rielaborazioni attuali della cittadinanza sociale (Borghi, 2005; Borghi, van Berkel, in corso di pubblicazione) (.).

This article reveals the socio-psychological essence of the social determinants of typical syndromes of social work objects. It analyzes the possibilities of a socio-psychological approach to understanding the nature of these phenomena. It reveals such concepts as quality of life, typical negative socio-psychological phenomena, including social maladjustment, socially stressful situation, social fears and other phenomena. It also examines the practice of overcoming socially destructive phenomena, in particular, fears.

This volume collects some of the contributions presented at the Italian session of the International Social Work Education and Development Online (ISWED 2021) conference, jointly organised by the International Association of Schools of Social Work (IASSW), and the International Council of Social Welfare (ICSW) and, for the Italian language sessions, by the National Foundation of Social Workers.
Its aim is to contribute to the debate that was opened with the creation of the Global Agenda, an initiative taken by the three international organisations in the 2010/2020 decade and renewed for the 2020/2030 decade. In particular, the volume offers reflections on the role of social work in promoting human relations, justice and social solidarity, showing how research, training and professional practice can have an impact in translating the goals guiding the Global Agenda into practice.
While the first eight chapters deal specifically with the Italian context and address different themes, such as social work in the face of social emergency, qualitative research as a means of reconstructing social action, perspectives in decision-making processes for the protection of minors, and reciprocity in the exchange between social work and the homeless, the agapic relationship in social work, the production of knowledge in the process of aid, and finally the practices of training in Italian universities, the ninth chapter is dedicated to a historical analysis of social service and training in the State of Espirito Santo in Brazil.
Keywords: social work, social justice, social solidarity, human relations, global agenda
We believe that this volume can offer an articulate and complex panorama of what is being debated and realised in contemporary social work and can be of interest to all those who,
teachers, students, professionals working in the social field.