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All countries aim to improve housing conditions for their citizens but many have been forced by the financial crisis to reduce government expenditure. Social housing is at the crux of this tension. Policy-makers, practitioners and academics want to know how other systems work and are looking for something written in clear English, where there is a depth of understanding of the literature in other languages and direct contributions from country experts across the continent. Social Housing in Europe combines a comparative overview of European social housing written by scholars with in-depth.

Housing is a particularly important example of what might be thought of as a standard function of central and local government, a consequence of the increased requests of citizens for housing and an attempt to find the best way to realise these. Clearly, it represents an issue of significant social importance. Albania has approved Law No. 22/2018 On social housing, an essential act in the fulfilment of social housing programmes. The objective of the law is to define the rules and administrative procedures as regards the means of planning, insuring, administrating and distributing social housing, with the purpose of creating opportunities for suitable and affordable housing, relying on the capacity to pay of families in need of housing with the assistance of responsible state institutions. This Law is a very important step because, within its desire to facilitate social housing programmes, one part is dedicated to women as survivors of violence, a further step towards meeting the standards of the Council of Europe Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence.

Many countries are looking to resolve the dilemma of improving housing conditions while reducing government expenditure, and social housing is at the crux of the tension between these goals. Policy-makers, practitioners and academics want to know how other systems work and are looking for something written in clear English, where there is a depth of understanding of the literature in other languages and direct contributions from country experts across the continent. Social Housing in Europe combines a comparative overview of European social housing written by scholars with in-depth chapters

This paper looks at how social housing in the England has come under scrutiny from the government over the last year following the tragic fire that took place in 2017 at the Grenfell tower block in Kensington, London, which resulted in over 70 deaths and it asks why the government has used this episode to reframe the debate about social housing. It looks at the legal framework regarding fire safety in the country and describes the responsibilities that landlords are required to comply with to provide homes for their customers that have had the appropriate fire safety measures implemented. Social housing is contextualised in regards to the focus of successive governments since 2010, first, the Conservative dominated Coalition and then successive Conservative governments. The political ideology followed by these administrations was informed by the neo-liberal agenda that had been set during the 1980s which sought to reduce state involvement in social housing, the privatisation of housing, the use of market forces within the provision of housing and the promotion of the home ownership agenda. The introduction of austerity as a policy by the Coalition government in 2010 after their election was a response to the Global Financial Crash of 2008 and has been used by the government to carry out large cuts in the provision of welfare services to those in need. The theoretical underpinnings of the process of framing and re-framing policies are described as well as how this is being applied to social housing in England in the 21st century. It concludes by asking how a tragedy that health and safety implications for the fire safety management within social housing has, has become a focal point for re-framing the debate about social housing.

In the coming decade, Skien municipality and developers are bringing new housing, cultural institutions, offices and infrastructure into its urban fabric, with the city slowly pushing its center along the riverfront and towards the neighbouring city of Porsgrunn. Simultaneously, the city continues to experience a low population growth with no clear future prospects in terms of jobs or industry that determine a need for the large-scale high-density housing that is currently being developed. The city also has an unemployment rate above the national average, and combined with a rising number of low income families, it begs the question who this new development should be for and if it is sustainable. Our diploma argues for both an alternative to the governing architectural ideals along the riverfront, and the regulation conducted by the municipality, by using one of the presently unregulated municipal plots within Skiens new development plan. We propose a collection of low density social housing, forming a row-house garden city that embeds the landscape ecology of the site into each unit and common areas. Based on local typologies, three types of units are developed to respond to three different conditions on the site. Our three interpretations all aim to challenge the legislative bare necessities of a social housing project, while advocating for the importance of room sizes, gestures and details. By studying the urban wooden houses of the historical parts of Skien that survived the fire of 1886, the units all borrow particularities, dimensions and qualities found in researching these types. The interest for studying and abstracting the wooden courtyard house came from its historical resilience and importance as local iconography, as well as their clear urban qualities in terms of scale and density. Our three types of dwellings act both singular and as parts of a whole, sewn together by the same signifying elements and rules of construction. By borrowing typological traits of neighbouring workers' housing, our project similarly forms a perimeter of buildings along the edge of the site, creating smaller private gardens adapted to the figure ground of the plot, with a large communal space in the center. This more modest scale reacts to Skiens decades of stagnating growth but goes beyond the regulated density, while still arguing for comprehensive planning and certain pre-modern ideals absent in the new development. While architecture itself will not solve the social problems of Skien or other similar Norwegian cities, we believe that an alternative to how the built environment is being developed is necessary. A non-commercial social housing development is an approach that inherently holds both possibilities in challenging type, density and different kinds of sustainability. ; submittedVersion

The construction of social housing in gentrifying neighbourhoods can ignite contestation, revealing tensions between economic imperatives, social policy and neighbourhood change. With a view to understanding how the convergence of these agendas preserve unpopular, but socially critical housing infrastructure, the aim of this paper is to explore how the challenges social housing implementation encounters across these agendas intersect with a broader agenda for local democratic planning. Using social housing as our empirical focus and directing attention to the gentrifying local government area of Port Phillip in Victoria, Australia, this paper reveals how a council's main asset to support implementation – its policy frameworks – creates an urban narrative of social inclusivity and diversity. Through this case, we illustrate how elected officials and some residents draw from these policies to interject into episodes of community contestation, which we argue presents opportunities to expose and renew commitments to social housing over space and time.

This article first reviews how the concept of privatisation has been referred to in the current restructuring of the social housing system, especially in the case of the UK. The term 'privatisation' is then examined in greater detail and its wider meaning is discussed. By using the network approach, privatisation in relation to housing can be understood in terms of the changing combinations of agents involved in providing social housing, which gives rise to the commodified impact on the distribution of social housing. By using the privatisation process of social housing in Taiwan as an example, three distinct combinations in terms of providing social housing are identified. With an increasing number of social housing units being provided by the marketised social housing model where private agents control the process of providing social housing, along with more market rules being involved in the provision and the partial removal of means tests in relation to the distribution of social housing, the privatisation of social housing development in Taiwan is having a major impact on equity.

1. The transformation of the social housing sector in Eastern Europe : a conceptual framework / Jozsef Hegedus -- 2. Housing privatization and restitution / Jozsef Hegedus -- 3. Financing social housing / Wolfgang Amman. [and others] -- 4. Rent regulation and housing allowances / Martin Lux and Alexandr Puzanov -- 5. Social landlords and social housing management / Jozsef Hegedus and Nora Teller -- 6. Housing exclusion of the Roma : living on the edge / Catalin Berescu, Mina Petrovic, and Nora Teller -- 7. Bosnia and Herzegovina : limits of the human rights approach to social housing / Jozsef Hegedus, Gorana Stjepanovic and Nora Teller -- 8. Croatia : the social housing search delayed by postwar reconstruction / Gojko Bezovan -- 9. The Czech Republic : locked between municipal and social housing / Martin Lux -- 10. Estonia : residualization of social housing and the new programs / Anneli Kahrik and Juri Kore -- 11. Hungary : ideas and plans without political will / Jozsef Hegedus -- 12. Poland : old problems and new dilemmas / Alina MuzioÅ-WecÅawowicz -- 13. Romania : the national housing agency : a key stakeholder in housing policy / Wolfgang Amann, Ioan Bejan, and Alexis Mundt -- 14. Russia : the persistence of the socialist legacy? / Alexandr Puzanov -- 15. Serbia : a patchwork of local options / Mina Petrovic -- 16. Slovakia : on the way to the stable social housing concept / Marek Hojsik -- 17. Slovenia : the social housing sector in search of an identity / Andreja Cirman and Srna Mandic -- 18. The Ukraine : waiting lists without housing / Irina Zapatrina -- 19. New social housing strategies in post-socialist states : effectiveness, efficiency, and sustainability / Martin Lux and Petr Sunega.

Abstract
Social tenancy fraud is believed to cost UK taxpayers an estimated £1.8 billion annually, based upon estimates of prevalence and cost from over 5 years ago. Despite this, there is currently no centrally collected or published data on social tenancy fraud. The aim of this research was to investigate the amount of social tenancy frauds investigated, detected and prosecuted by local authorities in England. This was undertaken by means of documentary analysis, following Freedom of Information requests to the 198 local authorities who hold social housing stock. The research confirmed the findings of previous studies, that social tenancy fraud is a particular problem within London, as well as being increasingly detected in other urban areas. It was found that the amount of social tenancy fraud detected nationally has increased significantly in recent years, doubling since 2009. It is unclear, however, whether this indicates that social tenancy fraud is a growing problem or if the response has improved. This research has also identified a myriad of avenues in which further research would be of value, especially with respect to local government transparency which this research has found, despite recent initiatives, to be lacking.