Suchergebnisse

One of the most ambitious legacies of the 20th century was the universal commitment to ensure freedom from want as a human right. How far have we progressed? To what extent are countries across the world living up to this commitment? This book charts new territory in examining the extent to which countries meet their obligations to progressively realize social and economic rights - the rights to education, food, health, housing, work and social security.

This book charts new territory in examining state performance in progressively realizing social and economic rights. Developing a new measure -- the SERF Index -- and data set, it provides a global picture of progress, regress and disparities between and within countries, explores factors influencing country performance, and draws implications for the theory of progressive realization and state accountability.

Am Beispiel der praktischen Realisierung der sozialen resp. ökonomischen Rechte auf Arbeit, Gesundheitsfürsorge und Wohnen vermittelt die Autorin einen kurzen Überblick über Entwicklung, Stand, Probleme und Perspektiven des Lebensstandards und der Lebenssituation sowie der Sozialpolitik in Bulgarien, der Tschechoslowakei, der DDR, in Polen, Rumänien und Ungarn. (BIOst-Klk)

Social and economic rights occupy an unsettled place in any global canon of constitutional democracy and human rights. This Article, appearing in a collection of Global Canons in an Age of Uncertainty (S. Choudhry, M. Hailbronner & M. Kumm, eds., OUP) recommends a contender for canonical status, at the same time as it problematizes the search. Insofar as the search for a canon reveals the boundaries of what may be considered exemplary claims of constitutional and democratic practice, the 2000 South African case of Republic of South Africa v. Grootboom is canonical for its treatment of social and economic rights. This Article explores and problematizes the three features of Grootboom – its reasoning, pedigree and visibility – that it argues give it a canonical status, which include the case's apparent resolution of justiciability, its proximity to South Africa's post-apartheid Constitution and Constitutional Court, and its ambivalent legacy for housing rights. Yet Grootboom is not a singular source for establishing and renewing the boundaries of the global canon. Moreover, its legacy is not completely secure. The Article introduces the idea of proto-canons and counter-canons as adding to what should be a worldwide debate about foundational texts, for constitutional democracy and human rights. Indeed, proto- and counter-canons are especially useful categories for charting both the ambitions and marginality of social and economic rights, as well as the hegemony of distinctive visions of constitutional democracy. The Article therefore nominates the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948 as a proto-canon for social and economic rights, as crystallizing incipient ideas of freedom from want and an institutionally broad (and non-court centric) vision of realization. It also nominates the 1973 US case of San Antonia School District v. Rodriguez as a counter-canon, as that case marks the interpretive closure, by the Supreme Court, of available arguments for constitutional social and economic rights, and the devolution of the right to education to the states. These proto- and counter-canons help us reflect on the highly unsettled constitutional and democratic norms of the present.

Am Beispiel der praktischen Realisierung (d.h. Entwicklung, Stand und Perspektiven) der verfassungsmäßig garantierten Rechte auf Arbeit, Gesundheitsfürsorge, materielle Sicherung im Alter und Wohnen vermittelt der Autor einen Überblick über Lebensstandard und Lebenssituation der sowjetischen Bevölkerung sowie über die Sozialpolitik der UdSSR. In diesem Zusammenhang werden insbesondere die Implikationen der Lebens- und Arbeitsbedingungen für die Arbeitsmoral und Arbeitsproduktivität ("Faktor Mensch") berücksichtigt. (BIOst-Klk)