Suchergebnisse

The concept of group standards (pressures toward uniformities in action and attitude) functions to control behavior. Prediction of behavior requires the employment of variables whose definitions are outside the individual. Numerous studies demonstrate the effects of group standards on individual behavior. These show that actual social phenomena of everyday social life can be studied systematically. Details of an experiment in gift giving as an example of the effect of group decisions on behavior regulation are presented, in addition to summaries of similar studies. The next stage is not replicative studies but development of a comprehensive theory concerning the relationship between membership in the small face-to-face group and the behavior of the individual. E. Scott.

"This book examines the causes and consequences of social standards in US and EU preferential trade agreements (PTAs). PTAs are the new reality of the global trading system. Pursued by both developed and developing countries, they increasingly incorporate labor and environmental issues to prevent a race to the bottom in social regulation and counter protectionism. Using principal-agent theory to explore why US PTAs have stricter social standards than those signed by the EU, Postnikov argues that the level of institutional insulation of trade policy executives from interest groups and legislators determines the design of social standards. In the EU, where institutional insulation is high, social standards mirror the normative preferences of the European Commission leading to a softer approach. In the US, where such insulation is low, social standards are driven by interest groups and legislators they control resulting in a stricter approach. This book shows that both approaches can be effective but work through different causal mechanisms. To test his argument, Postnikov draws on original data collected in Brussels, Washington, Santiago, Bogota, and Seoul"--

The article explores some of the theoretical & political issues that underpin the current conflict over the accountability of the global economic order. The article develops in five parts, starting with an initial section on the changing nature & form of globalization & ending with an account of how markets & business activities can be reframed. The focus is on the emergence of a number of cosmopolitan social standards that are embedded in human rights regimes & other international legal instruments. These standards are explicated, elaborated, & defended. The article argues that these standards need to be clarified further & developed in order to create the basis for global economic accountability & social justice. 70 References. Adapted from the source document.