The Socialist Revolutionary Party and the place of party politics
In: Politics and the People in Revolutionary Russia, S. 56-86
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In: Politics and the People in Revolutionary Russia, S. 56-86
In: Arbeiten zur Geschichte Osteuropas Band 7
This article explores the place of individuals, ideologies and personal and political networks in shaping the larger political landscape in revolutionary Russia. The shape and culture of the Socialist Revolutionary Party (psr) will be at the heart of my anal- ysis of coalition politics. I focus particularly on the personal and political networks surrounding Vladimir Mikhailovich Zenzinov during 1917. This analysis suggests that the shape of coalition politics in 1917 was defined in part by pre-revolutionary social and political networks, and that these to some extent transcended party political affiliations. While the nature of coalition politics necessitated this political fluidity, it is nevertheless worth emphasizing, because the discourse around 1917 is often framed along explicitly party political lines.
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In: BASEES/Routledge series on Russian and East European studies, 68
In: BASEES/Routledge series on Russian and East European studies 68
The path of the Socialist Revolutionary party to the Second International was a thorny one. Russian social democrats were zealous in creating obstacles, primarily their representative in the International Socialist Bureau (IBS) G.V. Plekhanov. His efforts to the Socialist Revolutionary groups in the 90-ies of the XIX century denied the right of representation in the international socialist community. European political parties were mentally closer to the RSDLP, and their socialist competitors were wary. The Socialist Revolutionary had to work hard to convince the parties of the International of their adherence to the ideas of socialism and of the presence of connections with the masses. The Socialist Revolutionary Party established close contacts with the SME in 1901, and at the Amsterdam Congress (1904, August) achieved what it wanted, it was accepted into the Second International. The reports of the party to the Amsterdam and Stuttgart congresses of the International served as evidence of the mass character, adherence to the ideas of socialism. The leaders of the Socialist Revolutionaries, their emotional and verbose representative in the SME I.A. Rubanovich, took an active part in all the events of the International; the party became an equal member of the international socialist community. During the Basel Congress of 1912, her representative on the commission of five most influential parties was one of the compilers of the anti-war Manifesto of the International, supported by the socialists of the world. During the First World War, only a part of the party defended the ideas of internationalism. The III Congress of the Social Revolutionaries in the spring of 1917 called for the continuation of the war to a victorious end and the restoration of the II International. ; Путь партии эсеров во II Интернационал был тернистым. В создании препятствий усердствовали российские социал-демократы, в первую очередь их представитель в Международном Социалистическом Бюро (МСБ) Г.В. Плеханов. Его усилиями эсеровским группам в 90-е гг. XIX в. отказали в праве представительства в международном социалистическом сообществе. Европейские политические партии ментально были ближе к РСДРП, а к их социалистическим конкурентам относились настороженно. Эсерам пришлось изрядно потрудиться, чтобы убедить партии Интернационала в своей приверженности идеям социализма и в наличии связей с массами. Партия эсеров установила тесные контакты с МСБ в 1901 г., а на Амстердамском конгрессе (1904 г., август) добилась желаемого, ее приняли во II Интернационал. Свидетельством массовости, преданности идеям социализма служили доклады партии Амстердамскому и Штутгартскому конгрессам Интернационала. Лидеры эсеров, их эмоциональный и многословный представитель в МСБ И.А. Рубанович, принимали деятельное участие во всех мероприятиях Интернационала; партия стала равноправным членом международного социалистического сообщества. Во время Базельского конгресса 1912 г. ее представитель в комиссии пяти самых влиятельных партий был одним из составителей антивоенного Манифеста Интернационала, поддержанного социалистами мира. В годы Первой мировой войны только часть партии отстаивала идеи интернационализма. III съезд эсеров весной 1917 г. призвал к продолжению войны до победного конца и восстановлению II Интернационала.
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