Suchergebnisse

This article analyzes the most important political, social, ethical problems of modern society – lies in the media, "fake news" as an indicator of the degradation of the media, civil society institutions, and the authorities. The article analyzes the information processes of modern society, states the influence of fake news on political processes. The article reveals the importance of the political culture of society and the negative perception of fake news. This phenomenon is considered in the context of the informational picture of the world, the need of the authorities to abuse the institution of journalism as an agent of influence and manipulation of public opinion. The study notes the role of the linguistic factor in the implementation of the functions of manipulating society, reducing the level of citizens' trust in the state. The article attempts to reveal the role of social networks in promoting fake news. On the example of the secondary interpretation of the results of a sociological survey in the United States, the negative perception of fake news by society is revealed. The survey results indicate the growth of inequality and prejudice in society. The article concludes about the social turbulence of the processes of modern society. ; В данной статье анализируется важнейшая политическая, социальная, этическая проблемы современного общества – ложь в СМИ, «фейк-ньюс» как индикатор деградации СМИ, институтов гражданского общества, власти. В статье анализируются информационные процессы современного общества, констатируется влияние фейк ньюс на политические процессы. В статье раскрывается значение политической культуры общества и негативное восприятие фейк ньюс. Рассматривается данный феномен в контексте информационной картины мира, потребность власти злоупотреблять институтом журналистики как агентом влияния и манипулирования общественным мнением. В исследовании отмечается роль лингвистического фактора в реализации функций манипулирования обществом, снижения уровня доверия граждан к государству. В статье предпринимается попытка раскрыть роль социальных сетей в продвижении фейк-ньюс. На примере вторичной интерпретации результатов социологического опроса США раскрывается негативное восприятие обществом фейк-ньюс. Результаты опроса фиксируют рост неравенства и предрассудков в обществе. В статье делается вывод о социальной турбулентности процессов современного общества.

The article is focused on the interaction of civil society institutions within government organizations. Effective forms of interaction of civil society institutions with government organizations are examined through the prism of public control, mass media and citizens' appeals. Increasing the effectiveness of civil society leads to simultaneous increase in the efficiency of the state. The government focuses its efforts on performing strategically important functions such as defense, state security and citizens' security, foreign policy, formation of the stable financial and fiscal policy.

The Message of the President of Uzbekistan Sh.M. Mirziyoyev to Oli Majlis notes that Uzbekistan will always be faithful to its principles in the sphere of interethnic harmony and religious tolerance, strengthening the atmosphere of mutual respect, friendship and harmony between representatives of different nations and faiths. It is considered as the greatest wealth of the state and society.

New forms of manifestations of religious intentions in socio-political space have constituted themselves as markers of transformation in the contemporary socio-political coordinates. Revision of the dominant traditional linear approaches placed the focus of ideological and political discussions about the correspondence of stable and variable, traditional and modern in a religious prism. Emerging new configurations in the public and private spheres mark transformation of the traditional relations between religion, society and the state corresponding to the logic of the project of modernity and the paradigm of secularization and require new interpretation optics. The contours of the new designs are evident in the contexts of new challenges and threats related to global political risks of religious terrorism, loss of monopoly on the description of reality, including moral connotations in the understanding of progress of the principle of secularism, with the increased importance of religious and confessional identity, civilizational, local and personal-individual levels, forming the hierarchy of values that determines horizons of public and personal goal setting. The penetration of religious meanings in the political and social reality of various areas, their incorporation into ideological discourses of identity build a wide variety of interpretations in the extreme poles of which is religious outline of internal and external threats to social stability and understanding of religion as a resource of optimization of the political system. Institutional, axiological and ontological projection refracts the religious factor in Russian society in polyvalent and nonlinear ways, reflecting the multidirectional vectors of ongoing transformation. On the basis of sociological data of The Institute of Sociology, RAS, the given article analyzes a number of subjects, reflecting qualitatively new social relationships. The emphasis is on multi-scale conflicts, correlation between the secular and the religious in the coordinates of importance of the democracy attributes and social significance of religion, institutional and value aspects as well as the dominant ideas in the Russian society about the role of Church, religion and religious faith in human life and society. Growing importance of religious factors and religious identities in contemporary conditions, the incorporation of religious meanings in different spheres of society intersect with ' the needs of ensuring the unity of values and stabilization of the social system, as well as close attention to Russian civilization experience. Despite increased sensitivity of contemporary debates on the tragectory of political practices in Russia, the religious factor could be a factor of social cohesion, determining the search of new forms of relations between the state and religious organizations based on the challenges and needs of society and identifying the need for improving mechanisms and practices of state-confessional relations.

The metaphysics of domestic reform seems to be the leitmotif of Russian political science. The debate about the direction of the reforms of the last 25 years, about the nature and specifics of transformation of the society and the individual constantly come up in various contexts, the intersection point of which is the identification of relations between political and institutional transformation and the status of Russia as a subject of historical creativity. The goals and results of transformations in the social and individual projections reflect multilayered overlay of civilizational parameters of Russian society, its social canvas, social needs and political strategies. The problem of social stability and variability correlates with the notions of subjects and objects of political and economic reforms, their ideological intentions and the dominant sociopolitical discourses. The ambiguity of the outcomes of the reforms in Russia implicates research perspective of categorization and understanding of the essential forces of the individual and the society: understanding the social features of Russia, reflection of social needs in the mass consciousness, the political meanings of the reformation and finally the destiny of man. Many of the concepts and narratives are reflected in the book: 25 Years after the USSR: People, Society, Reforms: People, Society, Reforms (Compiled by P. Dutkiewicz, R. Sakwa, V.I. Kulikov. Ed. by E.B. Shestopal, A.Y. Shutov, V.I. Yakunin. Moscow: Moscow University Press. 2015). The given article proposes reflection on methodological approaches of the reviewed book.

Çalışmamızda öncelikle sivil toplum kavramının literatürdeki yeri aydınlatılmaya çalışılmış, bu çerçevede kavramın tarihsel gelişimine yer verilerek; "devlet", "kamusal alan", "sivil itaatsizlik" kavramlarıyla ilişkisi irdelenmiştir. Ayrıca günümüzde devletin fonksiyonlarının ve etkinliğinin değerlendirilmesi bakımından bir karşılaştırma ölçütü olarak önemli bir yer tutan sivil toplum kuruluşlarının tanımına ve niteliklerine değinilerek, bu kuruluşların devlet olgusu karşısındaki konumunu belirleyen kavram olan demokrasiyle ilişkisi açıklanmıştır. ; In our study, firstly, it has been tried to explain the place of the concept of civil society in the literature, for this reason the development of the concept in the historical process has been given and its relation with the concepts of "state","public area", "civil disobedience" has been studied. Besides, dealing with the definition and the characteristics ofNGO 's that play an important part as a measure of comparison far the evaluation of the functions and the efjicincy of the state, the relation of these organisations with democracy which is the concept that determines the position of these organizations in view of the slate has been explained.

The author aims to show that the forecasts of some theorists, philosophers and sociologists about the secularization and inevitable disappearance and marginalization of religion in the process of modernization of society, did not come true. Religion as a social institution has survived and has indicated its return to society and its importance not only for the individual but also for the collective consciousness and action. Deterministic frameworks of the processes of religious changes toward desecularization of society are the result of important changes in society itself: on the one hand the religious traditions acquire political significance and importance in the society, while on the other side they deprivatize faith and behavior of individuals, which can be considered as representing the crucial elements of the process of desecularization of society. These examples compelled the authors like David Martin and Peter Berger to review their theories about secularization of society during 1960s and 1970s, by presenting new ideas about desecularization of society or by limiting the theory of secularization to Western Europe countries only.

Torture is prohibited under art. 5 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and art. 7 of the International Pact on civil and political rights, the Convention against torture and other cruel, Inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, other international acts, including the European Convention on Human Rights. However, torture continues to be applied in many states, including the Republic of Moldova. This article is devoted to the fight against torture, the role of civil society in this process is mentioned. It is about the creation by non-commercial organizations of an international network of prison education in the countries of the Eastern Partnership and Central Asia, which also includes organizations from Moldova, including the Institute for Democracy.

Yapılan araştırmalar, sivil toplum kuruluşlarına katılımın demokrasi üstünde olumlu bir etkisi olduğunu göstermiştir. Ancak Türkiye'de sivil toplum kuruluşlarına üyelik düşüktür. Bu çalışma, Türkiye'de devlet ile sivil toplum kuruluşları arasındaki ilişkinin tarihine ve sivil toplum kuruluşlarına katılımı etkileyen faktörleri inceleyen literatüre dayanarak Türkiye'de sivil toplum kuruluşlarına üyeliğin düşük olmasının nedenlerini araştırmayı hedeflemektedir. Bu doğrultuda bu çalışmada, 2015 senesinde Türkiye nüfusunu temsil eden bir örneklem ile gerçekleştirilmiş ulusal bir anket çalışması kullanılmıştır. Yapılan analizler, Türkiye'de kişilerin sivil toplum kuruluşlarını demokrasinin önemli öğesi olarak görmediğine işaret etmiştir. Ayrıca, devletin sivil toplum kuruluşlarını dikkate alması, sivil toplum kuruluşlarının devletten bağımsız hareket etmesi ve vatandaşların çekinmeden sivil kuruluşlarına üye olması gibi konularda katılımcıların büyük bir kısmının olumsuz düşüncelere sahip olduğu bulunmuştur. Bu çalışma, Türkiye'de sivil toplum ve devlet ilişkilerinin problemli tarihinin kişilerin sivil toplum kuruluşlarına karşı bu olumsuz yargılara sahip olmalarına ve dolayısıyla sivil toplum kuruluşlarına üyelikten kaçınmalarına neden olduğu sonuca varmıştır. ; Previous research demonstrated that there is a positive relationship between democracy and membership in civil society organizations. Turkey is considered to be a country where membership in civil society organizations is low. Relying on the literature on the factors effecting the participation in civil society organizations and the history of the relationship between civil society organizations and the Turkish state, this article aims to investigate the factors behind low civil society organization membership in Turkey. To this end, this article benefited from a nation-wide survey conducted in 2015. Analysis showed that people in Turkey do not consider strong civil society as an important dimension of democracy. In addition, analysis revealed that a large number of people in Turkey think that: civil society organizations in Turkey are not independent from the state; the state does not see civil society as a partner in policy-making; and people are afraid of being a member of civil society organizations. This article concluded that the problematic history between civil society organizations and the Turkish state is a major reason why people in Turkey hold negative views about civil society organizations, and therefore avoid membership in these organizations.

This article discusses the potential of Uzbek women during the period of independence, their freedom to work in any field and their place in society.

Цель – отразить рост социально-экономического неравенства как фактора деконсолидации общества в депрессивном регионе.Методы исследования – сравнительно-сопоставительный анализ, статистические методы, массовый опрос населения.Результаты – изучены особенности риска развития социальной структуры в регионе; представлены новые материалы, свидетельствующие о нарастании социально-экономического неравенства и социального напряжения в обществе: высокие разрывы в дифференциации доходов, уровне и качестве жизни обеспеченного и бедного населения; обозначены социальные слои, наиболее подверженные современным угрозам; отражены последствия социального неравенства, ведущие к дезинтеграции общества.Выводы – у социума региона имеется определенный запас прочности для выживания, но угроза его деконсолидации постепенно нарастает вследствие низкой эффективности системы управления, отчуждения власти от общества, сокращения «поля деятельности» населения из-за стагнации экономики региона, «бегства капитала» и др. ; The article's aim is a study the aspects of social inequality as a factor of society's consolidation in the depressed region.In the article has been used the statistical method and mass surveys.The main results – features of risk of development of social structure in the region are studied; the new materials demonstrating increase of a social and economic inequality and social tension in society are presented: deep gaps in differentiation of the income, level and quality of life of the rich and poor population; social groups, which are mostly subjected to modern threats, are defined; the consequences of a social inequality, which conduct to disintegration of society are reflected.The main conclusions – the region's society has a certain underlying strength for a survival, but the threat of the society deconsolidation gradually increases as a consequence of the poor effectiveness of the governmental system, the estrangement of the authorities from the society, the reduction of the population "field of activity" because of the economic stagnation in the region, "capital flight" and other reasons.

The article is devoted to the formation of urban responsibility of society and contains the demands of citizens' responsibility based on regularities of urban processes. The level of urban responsibility in our country does not correspond to what is prescribed by the modern political situation and the pressure of world periphery. It is necessary to form the state ideology of European urban civilization that stands up to national and ethnic enclavity and commercialization of interests of administrations of urban communities. It is necessary to return the leading role in civilized development to the biggest urban communities of Europe and the world. ; Статья посвящена проблемам формирования городской ответственности общества и содержит требования формирования ответственности граждан, как горожан на основе закономерностей городских процессов. Состояние уровня городской ответственности граждан нашей страны не соответствует тому, что определяется современной политической ситуацией и давлением общемировой периферии. Необходимо формирование государственной идеологии европейской городской цивилизации, противостоящей национально-этнической анклавности и коммерциализации интересов администраций городских сообществ. Нужно вернуть крупнейшим городским сообществам Европы и Мира их главенствующую роль в цивилизационном развитии.

Taha Toros Arşivi, Dosya No: 8-Kapalıçarşı ; İstanbul Kalkınma Ajansı (TR10/14/YEN/0033) İstanbul Development Agency (TR10/14/YEN/0033)

The whole of scientific and pedagogical characteristics of military society pro-viding social and pedagogical activity of all elements and directed to the personal enhancement in social sphere are described in the article. The article is intended to mainstream audience interested in questions connected with society pedagogical opportunities ; В статье раскрывается совокупность научно-педагогических характеристик военного социума, обеспечивающих социально-педагогическую деятельность всех его элементов и направленных на развитие личности в социальной среде. Статья предназначена для широкого круга читателей, интересующихся вопросами, связанными с педагогическим потенциалом социума

research ; Bu çalışma ile Ortaçağ kent devletlerinden bu yana geçen süreçte sivil toplum kavramının düşünsel temel taşları incelenmektedir. Sivil toplumun gelişme sürecinde kırılma noktası, Gramsci olarak kabul edilmiştir. Çünkü Gramsci'den önce sivil toplum ve diğer sosyal kavramların düşünülmesinde başat belirleyicinin modern devlet olgusu olduğu savunulmaktadır. Gramsci ise, sivil topluma üst yapı içerisinde yer vererek gerçek kırılma noktası olmuştur. Bu tez Bobbio tarafından ileri sürülmüştür ve çalışmamızda benimsenmiştir. Gramsci, üst yapıyı "tarihsel blok"un parçası olarak değerlendirmektedir. Gramsci sonrasında bu durum bazı kuramcılar tarafından göz ardı edilmiştir. Ancak son günlerde "tarihsel blok" ve "sivil toplum" kavramları, global kapitalizmle birlikte, yeniden, ele alınmaktadır. Global güce sahip devletler, şirketler, uluslar arası örgütler yeni bir "küresel kapitalist tarihsel blok" oluşturma çabası içindedirler. Diğer yandan ulus devletlerin yapılandırdıkları tarihsel blok hegemonik bir kriz geçirmektedir Sivil toplum, globalleşme ile yerelleşme geriliminin ortasında durmaktadır. ; The main steps of concerning the developmental process of the idea of civil society since Middle Age are examined by this paper. In this process, Gramsci is realized as to be the breaking point. Because, it is claimed that civil society and other social notions were thought in accordance with State before Gramsci. But Gramsci was real breaking point in the history of political thought because he settled civil society in the super structure. This thesis, which has been defending by Bobbio, is shared by us in this text. Gramsci evaluated superstructure as a part of historical block. This situation has not been taken into consideration by some theorists after Gramsci. However, nowadays, the notions of civil society and historical block are again forward into connection with global capitalism. The States, companies and organizations which have global power make an effort to build a new "global capitalist historical block". On the other hand, historical block which is built by nation States is going through a hegemonic crisis. Civil society stands in the middle of the tension between globalization and localization.