Suchergebnisse

Study, with reference to villages in Kuttanad Region, comprising parts of Kottayam and Alleppey districts

This is an attempt to identify the cause of the most significant soc changes of the 'institutional revolution' occurring in post-war Poland. It is especially concerned with changes which have contributed to the integration of the soc system with econ developments. The basis for a new soc pattern in post-war Poland was established by the new geographical boundaries, by the agrarian reform & by the rapid industrialization following the nationalization of basic industries imposed by the Communist gov in the last decade. Econ policy has been repeatedly used as a tool for soc revolution. As a result a regrouping of SC's has taken place: the number of peasants needed in collectives has been smaller, but, as a natural consequence of the larger number of industrial establishments, the body of workers has increased. The policy has created problems of its own. One of these is the increased soc & econ differentiation between the classes & within the body of the proletariat, another concerns the intelligentsia. It is intended for ultimate extinction & is to be replaced by the new intelligentsia of the people. There is, therefore, fludity between classes: but this can last only as long as change proceeds, from the old to the new intelligentsia, IPSA.

This study was conducted based on the socio-economic changes among South Malang's residents due to the recognition of a new job opportunity, namely the role of migrant worker. The objective of this study is to describe the socio-economic changes in South Malang from a historical standpoint from the 1980s to 2015. In the 1980s, being a migrant worker as a job opportunity was popular, but in 2015, the number of migrant workers started to decrease drastically due to the changing of the economic direction. This study was conducted in eleven sub-districts in South Malang, which is known as the origin place of migrants, and where many of the residents have worked as migrant workers. The data used in this study was collected by interviewing and tracking the archives of the social economic development of the Malang District by way of various institutions. The results of this study indicate that the South Malang residents chose to work as migrant workers based on three main factors. First, are the internal factors that consist of the economic and infrastructure limitations. The external factor consist of the Oil Boom and Asian Miracle's impact. Second, are the unproductive and costly environmental conditions which forced the residents to move out and find better life prospects. Third, is the socio-cultural context, where the society has only known about monetisation since the colonial era. The combination of these factors motivates the rural community of South Malang to work as migrant workers and this changed the socio-economic landscape of the region from plantations and subsistence agriculture to having a capitalist focus in the period 1980 to 2015. The positive impacts brought about by the presence of migrant workers in South Malang include economic progress, socio-economic welfare, and area improvement. On the other hand, the negative impacts include the increasing number of divorce cases, the cases of child abandonment, and the increase in the number of juvenile delinquency cases.

Three distinct phases of migration are identified: the precolonial, colonial, & postcolonial periods. These are linked to stages of political & economic development in the region. Cyclical migration is a major feature of the African migratory scene & is designed to meet differing peaks of labor demands in various parts of the continent. Such migration reflects the characteristics of the migrants in terms of skill, education, marital status, & age/sex composition as well as the diversity of ecological features, varying local resources & opportunities, etc, in the region. The effects of outmigration from Ru areas on Ru transformation & the impact of inmigration & return migration to Ru areas on agrarian & SE change are discussed. The range of SE measures which affect & are influenced by migration are outlined; broad areas of research are also identified. A special case is made for country-specific studies, the scale of analysis varying from one subregion to another. Modified AA.