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Introduction Smoking has been a major contributor to morbidity and mortality worldwide including in Malaysia. Every year, more than 8 million people die from tobacco use worldwide1 . In Malaysia, smoking related-diseases have been identified as the major contributor to disability-adjusted life years and lost of years of life among the Malaysian population. The government of Malaysia through the Ministry of Health and other ministries have introduced numerous anti-smoking measures to prevent and control smoking behaviour in the country. Continuous monitoring of smoking status is essential in evaluating the effectiveness of anti-smoking policies. Objectives This paper aimed to study the trend in prevalence and sociodemographic factors of smoking in Malaysia. Methodology The study utilised data from three national household surveys in Malaysia namely the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) 2011, the National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS) 2015 and the National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS) 2019. The surveys adopted a multistage stratified sampling design that could represent population in Malaysia. All the three surveys had the same target population (population aged 15 years and above) and smoking questionnaires. Smoking status was measured based on GATS protocol and definitions5 . Complex sample design analysis was used to estimate the prevalence and complex multivariable logistic regression was used to identify sociodemographic factors of smoking for all the three surveys. Results A total of 4250, 21,410 and 11,111 respondents aged 15 years and above participated in GATS 2011, NHMS 2015 and NHMS 2019 respectively with the response rate of 85% to 87%. The prevalence of smoking was 23.1% (95% CI; 21.2, 25.2) in 2011, 22.8% (95% CI; 21.9, 23.8) in 2015 and 21.3% (95% CI; 19.9, 22.8) in 2019. The prevalence was consistently higher in males (40.5% - 43.9%), adults aged 25-44 years (25.4% - 29.0%), Malay (22.6% - 24.7%), other ethnics (30.0% - 35.0%), and among the self-employed (33.7% - 44.6%) (Table 1). ...

SummaryIn 10,108 babies born to gypsy parents, birth weight, birth length and gestational age are compared with a national reference sample, taking into account maternal education, age, and birth interval. The gypsy babies tend consistently to be smaller, and this difference is attributable to the circumstances in which the gypsies live as well as the poorer maternal education. There appears to be a vicious circle—poor hygiene and living conditions adversely affect birth size, which in turn puts the child at a disadvantage in terms of survival, health and development.

Abstract
The persistently high satisfaction ratings of President Rodrigo Duterte, despite various perceived policy missteps and in contrast to the pattern for previous Presidents, have puzzled pundits and scholars alike. Using three waves of the Social Weather Stations' Social Weather Surveys, this article examines the extent to which sociodemographic factors, policy satisfaction, and perceptions of the character of the President could explain this 'puzzle'. The three survey waves correspond to the beginning of President Duterte's term, the period when he obtained his lowest net satisfaction rating, and the most recent available data at the time of this study. The study finds that sociodemographic factors, policy satisfaction, and perception of the President's character all contribute to explaining his high satisfaction rating. Based on the most recent survey examined, perception of the President's character appears to be the most important for distinguishing those who are satisfied from those who are dissatisfied with the President.

Abstract
Extreme heat events are one of the deadliest weather-related hazards in the United States and are increasing in frequency and severity as a result of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. Further, some subpopulations may be more vulnerable than others because of social, economic, and political factors that create disparities in hazard impacts and responses. Vulnerability is also affected by risk perceptions, which can influence protective behaviors. In this study, we use national survey data to investigate the association of key sociodemographic factors with public risk perceptions of heatwaves. We find that risk perceptions are most associated with income, race/ethnicity, gender, and disability status. Age, an important predictor of heat mortality, had smaller associations with heat risk perceptions. Low-income, nonwhite, and disabled individuals tend to perceive themselves to be at greater risks from heatwaves than other subpopulations, corresponding to their elevated risk. Men have lower risk perceptions than women despite their higher mortality and morbidity from heat. This study helps to identify subpopulations in the United States who see themselves as at risk from extreme heat and can inform heat risk communication and other risk reduction practices.

AbstractThis article presents the results of an international comparative study on food self‐provisioning, an activity still widespread in the countries of the Global North. We collected the data in a sociological survey done in 2010 as a part of the household energy use research project GILDED. We selected a region with urban and rural areas as a case study in each of the five EU countries, including Scotland, the Netherlands, Germany, the Czech Republic, and Hungary. Our article raises two main research questions: (1) What is the level of food self‐provisioning in the regions? (2) Who participates in it? Additionally, we inquired into the motivations of self‐provisioners using the results of analyses of sociodemographic and food consumption habits for their interpretation. We found that the level of self‐provisioning varies considerably among the regions. Its share ranges from 13 percent in Dutch urban areas to 58 percent in German rural areas. The effects of some sociodemographic and geographic factors differ significantly among the countries. However, we can summarize that living in one's own property, living in a house or in a rural area, having a partner or children, being retired, or having a low income increases the probability of food self‐provisioning.

There is a clear link between creativity levels, entrepreneurship and employability that implies the need for higher education students to acquire creative skills and abilities. For this reason, this study aims to analyse creativity levels among university students and verify whether certain sociodemographic factors have an impact on creativity. Two approaches were applied to measure creativity; on one hand, divergent thinking measured through three tasks, originality, fluency and flexibility, and creative potential (ideation – Runco Ideational Behavior Scale) on the other. A survey was administered to 303 Business and Tourism Management degree students during the academic year 2016–2017. The results reveal that our students' creative potential (Runco Ideational Behavior Scale) is relatively high, while the divergent thinking measurements (originality, fluency and flexibility) obtained lower scores. There are gender-based differences in the three divergent thinking constructs, with men gaining higher scores; likewise, differences also appeared in the constructs of fluency and originality depending on the degree being studied, with Business degree students displaying a higher average score. In addition, students living with their families scored higher on flexibility than those that did not. Moreover, students' creative potential (Runco Ideational Behavior Scale) is greater among those who both study and work. These results emphasize the need to encourage the development of creativity among Spanish university students.

Background: Life satisfaction is a cognitive and evaluative judgement of one's outlook on life and an integral component of subjective wellbeing. There is a strong association between life satisfaction and mental and physical health, but it is currently unclear how environmental factors may influence life satisfaction. Our aim was to investigate the association between environmental factors and life satisfaction and to gain a better understanding of general life satisfaction statistics in the EU.

Methods: We used a three-level mixed effects logistic regression model to examine the effects of sociodemographic, macroeconomic and environmental factors on life satisfaction using a large sample size from Eurobarometer surveys (n = 268,696) representative of 27 EU countries. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews between May 2014 and June 2015.

Results: We found wide variation between countries, as well as between regions within the same country with regards to levels of life satisfaction. Having adjusted for individual sociodemographic factors, our analysis did not indicate statistically significant associations of mean temperature and precipitation with life satisfaction. However, there was a statistically significant association between environmental degradation and lower life satisfaction (OR = 0.98; 95% CI: 0.97–1.00). Consistent with existing literature, our results show statistically significant effects of sociodemographic factors such as sex, financial situation and employment on life satisfaction.

Conclusions: Future research should extend analyses to a wider range of sociodemographic, macroeconomic and geographical variables to gain insight on all possible factors affecting life satisfaction to inform policy makers and ensure higher quality of life, and in turn better mental and physical health.

Throughout the history of the United States, the South has had higher levels of military service than other regions of the country. Scholars regularly refer to this phenomenon as a "Southern military tradition." The reasons behind this overrepresentation are not completely understood. Do Southern sociodemographic characteristics make it a preferred recruiting area or is there something distinctive about the cultural legacy of Southern history that encourages and supports military service? Using a unique data set that includes county-level active duty army enlistments and sociodemographic information, we show that Southern counties have significantly higher enlistment rates than counties in the Northeast and Midwest. These differences disappear when sociodemographic factors, such as fewer college graduates and a prominent presence of Evangelical Christians, are taken into account. These findings suggest that population characteristics may be a stronger driver of current regional disparities in military service than an inherited Southern military tradition.

The condition of the COVID-19 pandemic with uncontrolled transmission led to the government implementing the Large-Scale Social Restrictions (PSBB) regulation. It was implemented to overcome the spread of COVID-19 and will also have an impact on community food security. The cross-sectional study aimed to examine socio-demographic factors and food security among communities during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. A total of 1,017 respondents partake in this rapid online survey. The result of multi logistic regression showed that who had stress or depression (Adj. OR = 2.81, 95% C.I = 2.03-3.89), poor dietary habit (Adj. OR = 1.94, 95% C.I = 1.46-2.57), and who live alone (Adj. OR = 6.53, 95% C.I = 2.99-14.25) strongly significant associated with poor food security. Who female of sex (Adj. OR = 1.47, 95% C.I = 0.04-2.07), no have working status (Adj. OR = 1.45, 95% C.I = 1.03-2.05), and not living on java island (Adj. OR = 1.35, 95% C.I = 1.02-1.83) have low associated correlation with poor food security. These findings suggested that the government should give intervention for communities that got stressed, have poor dietary habits, and those who live alone without family during pandemic COVID-19.