Suchergebnisse

See SA E4350/ASA/1970/0491.

Census data & precinct electoral data for Atlanta, New Orleans, Memphis, Dallas, & Houston are integrated to determine how socioeconomic status variables within black & white populations relate to voting behavior, using 1970 census data & election turnout data for 1968-1972. Black voting is consistently higher at given socioeconomic status levels than white voting, & varies less with level than does white voting. This appears more likely to be due to better black organization than to an overall sense of racial identity among blacks, given intercity differences such as those between Houston & Dallas. 2 Tables. W. H. Stoddard.

Of the many variables studied in the pursuit of the linkages between SES & occupational aspirations the concept resignation brings to this relationship some neglected theoretical & policy emphases; that resignation results in low achievement, that as readiness for change for the resigned remains remote, involvement in social action programs requiring & anticipating change may lead to high rate of failure & still further social-psychological demoralization. Resignation was defined as a social-psychological orientation representing an accommodation to a history of economic failure, disappointment, & frustrations, & that it is subcultural & can be learned through socialization. 3 suborientations involved in resignation were considered: detachment from others, lack of commitment to task-oriented activities, & restriction of hopes & aspirations. Data were taken from 1,754 5th through 12th grade students in 2 central school districts of a Ru, economically depressed area of a midwestern state. High, medium, & low SES categories were employed in gathering responses to the question, "What, ideally, would you like to do for a living (what kind of work after finishing school)?" Resignation was found to be negatively associated with both SES & aspirations. Among low aspirants, resignation was found to have relatively greater independent effect than SES on aspirations. 4 Tables. E. Loomis.

The influence of language-use patterns on the occupational achievements of Hispanic working-age Ms is examined, using data from the 1976 Survey of Income & Education (N = 3,104, restricted sample), to determine how Spanish-English bilingualism & English proficiency influence SES. Retention of Spanish generally does not hinder the SE achievements of Hispanic origin Ms, provided that they acquire a minimum education (high school) & English proficiency. Foreign-born Mexicans & island-born Puerto Ricans are an exception to this pattern; they are penalized in terms of status if they speak no English. Implications for bilingual education programs are discussed. 3 Tables, 27 References. Modified HA.

The present study replicates, in a nonindustrial society, an empirical assessment in the US of 4 well-known measures of individual modernity which are intended for cross-national use. Interview data from a sample of 237 Costa Rican M's stratified by education & Ru-Ur residence indicates that the modernity scales are moderately equivalent & meet conventional standards of internal consistency reliability & convergence validity. However, discriminant validity with respect to measures of either SES or anomia are low for the modernity scales of D. H. Smith & A. Inkeles ("The OM Scale: A Comparative Socio-Psychological Measure of Individual Modernity," Sociometry, 1966, 29, Dec, 353-377), A. Schnaiberg (See SA 0715/F2347), & J. A. Kahl (THE MEASUREMENT OF MODERNISM: A STUDY OF VALUES IN BRAZIL AND MEXICO, Austin, Tex: U of Texas Press, 1968), even though the broad pattern of low discriminant validity with respect to anomia & alienation found in the earlier US study was not found. Several alternative interpretations of the findings are tested & discussed. These comparative data reinforce the conclusion that the meaning &/or measurement of individual modernity is problematic. 6 Tables. AA.

A SE model of national Olympic performance is constructed, & an attempt is made to determine whether Communist countries have performed better than non-Communist countries after allowance is made for key demographic & economic factors. The model consists of 3 variables; (1) population size, (2) per capita GNP; & (3) a dummy variable designed to detect systematic deviations due to political ideology. National performance was measured by summing the gold, silver, & bronze medals won by each country. This model was then used to explain the results of the 1972 Olympic games. An equation was found from the iterative solution for the maximum likelihood estimates. There was good evidence that Communist countries did perform better in the 1972 Olympics than comparable non-Communist countries. Suggestions for further research include an investigation of the r between success in the Olympics & success in national power conflicts, such as war. 2 Tables. R. Lent.

Socioeconomic status (SES) is a complex and multidimensional construct, encompassing both independent objective characteristics (e.g., income or education) and subjective people's ratings of their placement in the socioeconomic spectrum. Within the growing literature on subjective SES belongingness and psychological well-being, subjective indices of SES have tended to center on the use of pictorial rank-related social ladders where individuals place themselves relative to others by simultaneously considering their income, educational level, and occupation. This approach, albeit consistent with the idea of these social ladders as summative or cognitive SES markers, might potentially constrain individuals' conceptions of their SES. This research (N = 368; Mage = 39.67, SD = 13.40) is intended to expand prior investigations on SES and psychological well-being by revisiting the role of subjective SES. In particular, it (a) proposes an innovative adaptation of the traditional MacArthur Scale of subjective SES to income, education, and occupation, thus resulting in three separate social ladders; and (b) tests the empirical contribution of such three social ladders to psychological well-being. Overall, our findings showed that the novel education and occupation ladders (excluding the income ladder) are predictive of a significant part of the variance levels of psychological well-being that is not due to canonical objective metrics of SES (i.e., income, education, and occupation), or to the conventional MacArthur Scale of subjective SES. Although preliminary, these results underscore the need to further reconsider (subjective) SES-related conceptualization and measurement strategies to gather a more comprehensive understanding of the SES-psychological well-being link. ; Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry, and Competitiveness for the R&D project "Macrosocial realities (economic crisis and social class) and psychosocial processes: Trust, welfare, altruism, and politics" PSI-2017-83966-R

A clarification of the effects of unemployment on political participation attitudes & behaviors is developed by contrasting the effect of unemployment experience across categories of SES. Data on employed (N = 639) & unemployed (N = 244) heads of household are drawn from the 1976 U of Mich national presidential election survey. The results indicate both main & interaction effects. Regardless of employment status, lower SES Rs are less committed to voting, feel less efficacious, are less interested in politics, & are less politically active than persons of higher SES. However, participation attitudes & behaviors are more adversely affected by unemployment experience among those of lower than higher status. Among higher SES Rs, attitudes toward self (ie, feelings of efficacy) & political interest -- but not political activity or attitude toward the importance of participation -- are altered by unemployment. 3 Tables, 1 Figure. Modified HA.

Examines the hypothesized inverse relationship between socioeconomic status and conservatism on a wide range of so-called social issues by looking at the net effects of education, occupation, income, and class on 9 issues. (Abstract amended)