Notas acerca de la evolución del folclore, en líneas generales, a partir del siglo XVII hasta la actualidad. Diversas razones, económicas y políticas, inciden hoy en un nuevo auge otorgado a la tradición folclórica. Ésta constituye, según el autor, el último instrumento de resistencia frente a la pérdida de la identidad cultural local, comarcal o regional. ; We present some notes about the evolution of folklore, along general lines, from the XVII century until the present. Diverse economic and political reasons have given new interest to folk tradition. Folklore, according to the author, is the last intrument of resistance against the loss of local and regional cultural identity. ; Grupo de Investigación Antropología y Filosofía (SEJ-126). Universidad de Granada
We present a model in which the media provide voters with information that is tainted by their own preferences, and derive an equilibrium in which media endorsements influence voting behavior. Competition for media endorsement causes political parties to adopt more centrist policies, which benefits all voters. Mass media which are more sensitive to changes in policies and which are less biased lead to greater policy convergence toward the median voter's ideal point. The presence of multiple media outlets also helps promote electoral competition.
Sociology is the latecomer in Spanish social sciences. Th first chair of sociology was created in 1898. It was filled by Manuel Sales i Ferré. Sociology in Spain has had, since that date, an eventful and uneven history. After a period of steady development it suffered a serious trauma under Franco's dictatorship, which decimated a brilliant generation of Spanish intellectuals through political persecution, imprisonment, exile and death. Political life only returned to normal after 1975. This was a prerequisite for the institutionalisation of Spanish intellectual life. Today, the discipline of sociology has fully established itself in the intellectual spgere of Spain, as well as in its economic life, its politics and its culture. It also exercises an impoprtant influence upon public opinion in the country. ; Peer reviewed
The present article represents an attempt at analyzing the social construction of production activities under a market economy. For that purpose, attempts are made to identify some social forces underlying and determining these activities. Such forces are exemplified in the exogenous, especially institutional, political and cultural, conditioning of capitalist production. The article also reviews relevant evidence to empirically evaluate the premise of the social construction of production. The article's purpose is to contribute toward the growing literature in the social construction of economic, including managerial, behavior.
On December 3rd, 2003, the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) announced that "Ferdinand Nahimana, founder and ideologist of the Radio Télévision Libre des Mille Collines (RTLM), Jean-Bosco Barayagwiza, high ranking board member of the Comité d'initiative of the RTLM and founding member of the Coalition for the Defence of Republic (CDR), and Hassan Ngeze, chief editor of Kangura newspaper, were convicted today for genocide, incitement to genocide, conspiracy, and crimes against humanity, extermination and persecution." In what was dubbed "the media trial", the ICTR examined the role of the radio station RTLM and the newspaper Kangura in the 1994 genocide in Rwanda to address, for the first time since the Nuremberg Trials, the role of the media in the context of international criminal justice. The ICTR judgment echoes the 1946 judgment of the International Military Tribunal against the NS journalist Julius Streicher, and will continue to inspire commentary on media accountability and the status of the long-dormant 1948 UN Genocide Convention as a core element of contemporary international criminal justice. ; "The book itself has its genesis in the Crisis/Media Workshop that was jointly organized in Delhi by Sarai-CSDS, Delhi and the Waag Society, Amsterdam, a year ago in March 2003. The concept, outlined in the workshop publication by Shuddhabrata Sengupta and Geert Lovink, was a response to 9/11, the invasion of Afghanistan, the violence in Gujarat and the Kargil war. Over 3 days, participants from many different parts of South Asia and the world gathered to debate and dissect the relationship between the notion of crisis and the media, exactly one year after Gujarat had gone up in flames, and just as the 'Coalition of the Willing' was gearing up to bomb Baghdad. The process of editing the Reader only confirmed what we felt that the workshop had already set in motion – an unruly but very necessary set of forays into the realm of 'the unspeakable'. Our contributors were opening out new spaces for ...
"June 1993." ; Thesis--School of Advanced Airpower Studies, Maxwell Air Force Base, academic year 1991-92. ; Includes bibliographical references (p. 37-42) ; Mode of access: Internet.
Over-rationalizing a general movement in the sociology of art, which is undoubtedly more "Brownian" and less clearly oriented in reality, we will organize the display of recent evolutions in the social studies of arts around the notion of mediation. If the concept remains ambiguous, it clearly points out a strong new trend shared by very diverse approaches: a focus on objects and devices, on local situations, on reflexive and politically critical analyses of the social and artistic values, all this requiring to pay more attention to the materiality of intermediaries, to acknowledge their opacity regarding social determinations or aesthetic effects, to analyse the active role they play in the definition of art works and tastes.
Over-rationalizing a general movement in the sociology of art, which is undoubtedly more "Brownian" and less clearly oriented in reality, we will organize the display of recent evolutions in the social studies of arts around the notion of mediation. If the concept remains ambiguous, it clearly points out a strong new trend shared by very diverse approaches: a focus on objects and devices, on local situations, on reflexive and politically critical analyses of the social and artistic values, all this requiring to pay more attention to the materiality of intermediaries, to acknowledge their opacity regarding social determinations or aesthetic effects, to analyse the active role they play in the definition of art works and tastes.
With the publication of the Southam Report in Canada (1987) showing the widespread functional illiteracy of vast sectors of the Canadian population, and the renewed discussion on the shortcomings of literacy training programmes in the U.S. (Kozol, 1985; Gee, 1986), adult education has become again a priority for policy makers in industrial advanced societies. This article challenges some of the bask assumptions of conventional mainstream adult education, taking advantage of the experience and theories mainly developed in dependent-development societies of Latin America. A political sociology of adult education takes as a starting point the relationships between the capitalist state and adult education. Therefore, the notion of the State should be considered central to any attempt to understand the "new" rationale for policy formation in this field. Some questions and queries on adult education policy formation are advanced here, and a new agenda for research is advocated. ; peer-reviewed
Comunicação apresentada na Secção de Economia Política da Conferência Científica da International Association for Mass Communication Research (IAMCR), Seul, Coreia do Sul, 3-8 de Julho de 1994. ; In this paper we will argue that if the Portuguese case is to be fully understood, economic arguments are far from sufficient. Media ownership and control is directly related with political and societal power. Media concentration has been, first of all, a consequence of power seeking, although economic considerations may have also played a role. This analysis will try to demonstrate that political decisions for the media take into consideration the ability of decision-makers to exercise power over those media and that the groups which succeed in entering the media market have to carefully handle their own usage of power in line with governmental covert or overt goals. The electronic media, in particular, have always been considered too important to be left out of governments' ...
'Papua New Guinea could possbily teach the rest of the world a thing or two about preserving press freedom. What has worked in the media's favour in PNG is the country's vibrant—you could say rampant— democracy.'
In a long-running Government dispute with the Fiji news media over professionalism, accountability and training ever since the May 1999 general election, this speech stirred the controversy to new heights.
The Socialist government led by António Guterres (1995-1999) has thus inherited highly reformed but poorly regulated media and telecommunications sectors, and - so far - no structural communications policies were either announced or introduced. Basically, the Guterres government is following EU policies, attempting to strengthen existing regulatory bodies, and trying to improve a number of legal instruments. In this paper, we will start by presenting an historical perspective of the Portuguese media and telecommunications. Then, we shall look at the internal and external factors which partly explain the structural changes introduced in both sectors during the Cavaco Silva's governments. After putting forward some of the most relevant aspects of the PSD communications reforms, we will turn our attention to the political intervention of the first Guterres' government in this ...
The reflection we propose on the relationship between humanities and architectural projects is an opportunity to recall the ability of the sociologist to criticise, guide or induce spatial choices in the production of architectural projects. As a first step, we identify in the architectural project aspects that compare sociological knowledge of the uses and specificity of the project. Secondly, we highlight the value of this sociology in criticising the architectural project, drawing a distinction between: a general, social and cultural criticism, another more political one leading to normative proposals on living spaces. ; International audience ; The reflection we propose on the relationship between humanities and architectural projects is an opportunity to recall the ability of the sociologist to criticise, guide or induce spatial choices in the production of architectural projects. As a first step, we identify in the architectural project aspects that compare sociological knowledge of the uses and specificity of the project. Secondly, we highlight the value of this sociology in criticising the architectural project, drawing a distinction between: a general, social and cultural criticism, another more political one leading to normative proposals on living spaces. ; La réflexion que nous proposons sur les relations entre sciences humaines et projet architectural est l'occasion de rappeler la capacité du sociologue à critiquer, orienter ou induire des choix spatiaux dans la production de projets architecturaux. Dans un premier temps nous identifions dans le projet architectural des aspects qui confrontent connaissance sociologique des usages et spécificité du projet. Dans un deuxième temps nous précisons l'intérêt de cette sociologie pour une critique du projet architectural en distinguant : une critique générale, sociale et culturelle, une autre plus politique pour aboutir à des propositions normatives sur les espaces habités.
In this article we introduce the notion of entrenchment to conceptualize the processes in which new technological options, through the interactions between a variety of actors, become viable and established practices in society, both satisfying and modifying needs and interests. The notion of entrenchment we use as a framework for an analysis of developments and debates in the field of cystic fibrosis testing and screening in Denmark. On the one hand, it appears that the development and introduction of cystic fibrosis (CF) screening to some extent is predetermined both by existing networks of human genome researchers, clinical geneticist, patients (organizations),funding organizations, and regulatory agencies, and by existing practices like that of prenatal diagnosis. On the other hand, in Denmark, the content and future of CF screening is shaped in ongoing processes or articulation of demand for screening and of its cultural and political acceptability, processes which also involve political decision-making and which (may) result in new networks and regimes. Yet, what appears to be an inherent and undecided part of the process of entrenchment of CF screening in Denmark, is how to allocate responsibilities and authority to decide what is acceptable and what not.
