Suchergebnisse

Regardless of the role religion plays in the world today, ie despite the significant deprivatization of faith in the sociocultural space & in politics, contemporary Czech sociology of religion is in rather poor shape. The author presents a number of factors to explain this, including the legacy of the communist regime, & low levels of church attendance in the Czech Republic, the latter having been erroneously interpreted as non-religiosity. But the author focuses mainly one other reason: the discordant legacy of Czech pre-communist sociology of religion & the neighboring field of social studies. Two different traditions of the subject are identified - the 'profane' sociology of religion, founded by T. G. Masaryk, & Catholic religious sociology. Although the former legacy declared itself non-religious & even anti-clerical, in the case of many of its followers this claim was only partially true. In the 1930s & 1940s, when they (especially Prague's sociological school, which formed a certain opposition to Masaryk) turned more toward Durkheimian attitudes, they emphasized, for example, their own religious experience as a necessary tool for understanding piety. On the other hand, Catholic religious sociology was closely related to church activism, policy, & contemporary social work, ie, strictly conservative & anti-modern. Its way of understanding modern society was discounted by the former group of scholars, though to at least some degree, the two legacies shared similar methodological approaches. Both certainly seem outdated today, but their theoretical & methodological discussions & their findings remain of importance. Consequently, a re-thinking of these legacies & their theoretical backgrounds is still significant for the sociology of religion today.

The article analyzes the relevance, factors and prospects of the transformation of modern sociological science. It is noted that digital technologies significantly change the fundamental foundations of social interaction, most everyday social practices, structures and conflicts. This poses a number of serious challenges to sociology as a science. It is emphasized that it is time to think deeply not only about the problem of transformation of what sociology studies, but also about the transformation of sociology itself as a specific intellectual practice. Attention is focused on the need for sociological analysis and interpretation of large-scale and long-term social processes, changes in the traditional way of sociology's participation in the formation of state social policy and the implementation of social reforms. Endogenous factors hindering the leadership of sociological science in the modern public intellectual discourse are identified, namely: fragmentation of sociology, its division into a huge number of directions, particular, local thematizations; lack of research attention of sociologists to the fundamental problems of social life; modern sociology does not form an agenda for public intellectual discourse and scientific research, does not define the problematic field of research and interpretation both at the microsocial level and at the level of societal and global phenomena; it is not socially engaged, does not engage in dialogic interaction with various groups of the public, does not help them to realize their values, interests and problems, to fight for their solution; sociologists do not show activity in related research areas (for example, such as social communications, public relations, advertising, marketing, political consulting, conflict studies), do not use for this a rich arsenal of sociological theoretical concepts, quantitative and qualitative methods; despite the mediatization of social life, sociology is not sufficiently media-based, it is extremely weakly present in the media space. A conclusion is formulated about the need to transform sociological thinking and sociological imagination, the need for serious changes in the educational programs of professional training of students, in particular their practical component, the search for new formats of professional communication.

The article attempts to examine the main topics in the sociological study of housing from the end of the Second World War to the 1980s & distinguishes the following five: (1) housing systems & housing policy, (2) the relationship between social stratification & housing differentiation, (3) the relationship between the family & housing, (4) the relationship between housing & neighbourhoods, & (5) housing & architecture as components of culture. During this period the sociological study of housing was strongly influenced by the changes occurring in the housing situation. The post-war housing shortage in Europe & the state's heavy involvement in tackling this problem, along with the rapid rise in the importance of social housing, led to an emphasis on the study of housing systems, housing policy, the methodology of quantitatively measuring housing needs, & the role of the state in the housing sphere, with a heavy stress on the economic dimension of housing issues. A shift to qualitative research on housing, i.e. studying the relationship between the family & housing & the housing needs of the elderly & new families, occurred as the housing shortage declined. Culturally oriented housing research followed, as a response to the search for new identities & for genius loci. As housing has become commodified in Europe & social housing has almost disappeared over the past twenty-five years, there has been revival of the study of the social consequences of narrowly defined economic concepts of housing policy.

Discussed the circumstances connected with the modernization of the structure of sociological knowledge. The deployment of thoughts carried out in the context of clarifying ways to modernize the structure of sociological knowledge, the emergence of new research directions and identifying the essence of institutionalization of sociology of the army as an alternative to the military or military sociology.Keywords: structure of sociological knowledge, the modernization of science, sociology of the army, spheres approach, institutional approach. ; Обговорено обставини, пов'язані з модернізацією структури соціологічного знання. Розгортання думок здійснено у контексті з'ясування способів модернізації структури соціологічного знання, становлення нових напрямів дослідження та виявлення сутності інституціоналізації соціології армії як альтернативи військовій чи воєнній соціології.Ключові слова: структури соціологічного знання, модернізація науки, соціологія армії, сферний підхід, інституційний підхід.

We have researched media texts of the anti-terrorist military action participants. There are war diaries, memoirs, blogs, publications of veterans and separately journalistic interviews with them. We used comparative, analytical, synthesis and induction method. Communicative specificity of these texts was concretized. Literary works of anti-terrorist military action participants are amateur and new for Ukrainian information space. They were built on the autobiographical basis. This kind of memoir genre is a valuable source for learning both behavior of some person in concrete conditions and sociopolitical order of some people in determined history period. The authors demonstrate their military personal experience through detailing of war events. Memoir writers explain their motivation of joining military platoons and demonstrate a strong patriotic position. Veterans recite their own history in a chronological order with adding images of comrades, commanders, technique units, tranches, weapon, elements of everyday life to their telling. Also combatants say about exploits of their fighting brothers. The prominent feature of memoirs is a contrast between front realities and civilian life. Military action participants have a colloquial style with military slang and terms. With a great sadness Ukrainian defenders describe a way of life of dead friends. But military texts have a lot of funny stories, jokes, positive notices and interesting cheerful details of communication between soldiers. The analysis of media texts allowed to find out problem zones of veterans' life. There is need for civil and professional adaptation, socialization, saving a memory about heroes. The authors try to pay attention of wide society to these problems and motivate to its solution. The results can be used in the course of the journalism specialty for the further scientific researches.

The article analyzes lexical items, the augmentatives, that are used in the language of modern mass media; it is defined new lexical items and expansion of the sphere of their functioning in media materials on social and political and other subjects; it is defined the functional and stylistic role of augmentatives in the language of the press and negative assessment in publicistic materials. The descriptive research method and observation method were used as main in studying augmentatives in the language of Ukrainian periodicals of the XXI century. At different stages of the research the method of functional analysis was used to determine the stylistic load of lexical items. It is concluded that in the language of Ukrainian periodicals, the augmentatives are rarely used, unlike diminutives. They most often have a negative assessment function, representing neglect, condemnation, contempt, etc. Sometimes, with the help of augmentatives, they show the size of the object, phenomenon, or a living being that the author writes about. In general, the augmentatives give some expressive coloring to the text.

The article discusses the impact of mass communication on the formation of public opinion on migration movements in Europe in 2018 among the citizens of the host country. A number of patterns of shaping society's attitude towards migrants were identified, as well as the reasons for the incitement of hatred towards immigrants. The content of articles of American and European news media was also analyzed. Thematic areas in which the media present migrants are most often identified. This choice of editions is explained by the purpose of identifying the general trends and differences between information resources, the target audience of which is the population of different countries – the USA, the UK and European countries in general. The media reflects the processes taking place within and around society. Results contain the context in which a journalist poses a particular problem of great importance for the subsequent perception. The humanistic orientation of European Union policy has become the basis for the creation of programs that provide benefits for refugees, contribute to improving their living conditions, and facilitate the process of crossing borders to save them from the above factors. This is why we have taken into account the period of the 2018 migration crisis. The analysis revealed thematic areas in which the mass media most often present displaced people, which testifies to the general concepts in which society views the problem of migration adaptation. Mass media is not only an indicator of the society response to immigration movements, but also shapes consumers` opinion on information regarding migrants.

Introduction. This article explains the peculiarities of the content constructing of the political media discourse of the Russian Internet resource sputniknews.com for September 2016, represented by English-language political media texts about events in Ukraine.Purpose. The purpose of the article is to disclose peculiarities of the content constructing of the political media discourse in question via the analysis of the cognitive plane of its objectification.Results. The article holds that the political media discourse is a complex phenomenon that has three planes of its objectification: cognitive, pragmatic, and communicative (linguistic). The analysis of its cognitive plane accomplished as the analysis of the content of its political media texts enables to disclose peculiarities of their content constructing. The article proves that this constructing is typically based on a purposeful manipulation of information on behalf of the message author (sender). It is done in different ways and by various means – by faking facts, by their partial distortion, by a shift within the concept semantic field, by the concept simplification, and by stereotyping. The very form of facts presentation also contributes to information distortion – it can be statement, repetition, fragmentation, breaking news, sensation, and non-alternativity (of information source or of view point). Such а content constructing, typical of the analyzed political media texts, enables the message author (sender) to present concrete facts, political events and the very social reality in the right light, suggesting or imposing on the message recipient a certain (necessary) understanding of what is perceived.Originality. Originality of this article is provided by a complex approach to the analysis of the political media discourse. The article contributes to the discourse analysis, in particular to the studies of its cognitive and linguistic-cognitive characteristics.The perspective of the problem under discussion can be seen in the analysis of interrelated pragmatic and communicative (linguistic) planes of the political media discourse objectification.Conclusion. Thus, according to the obtained data, the content constructing of English-language political media texts about events in Ukraine, which represent the political media discourse of the Russian Internet resource sputniknews.com for September 2016, is typically based on manipulation of information. Accomplished by the message author (sender) in different ways and by various means, manipulation of information results in various interpretations of concrete facts, political events and social reality with the purpose to suggest or impose on the message recipient a certain (necessary) understanding, which is, in fact, a manipulative impact on public consciousness.

The article deals with the analysis of historiographic scientific researches on origin and development of national printed mass media.Ukraineis presented as a country with long-standing traditions of publishing, a country where there are a lot of scientists studying the history of Ukrainian periodicals. Informatization of human activities becomes more and more profound, thorough and complete, and this fact requires constant analysis, assessment of printed products functioning from the point of view of their role in information, scientific, educational and cultural spiritual provision of society. The peculiarity of this revolutionary change forUkrainelies in the fact, that political and social-political changes, connected with obtaining independence and establishing statehood byUkraine: complex and system-defined historiography of publishing in post-industrial period is scantily explored. The undertaken historiographic investigation shows, that scientists were concentrated on searching rather special components of a publication. The author analyzed the existing periodization of mass media development depending on different factors and generalized, systematized and added the results of the existing investigations. The suggested periodization is, on the one hand, the continuation of scientists' analytics, who researched shorter time periods, and, on the other hand, the investigations are supplemented with the analysis of the influence of social and economic factors. Besides, the majority of scientists investigate only their regions, often keeping to their ideological bias, that brings contradictions even in such, at first sight, simple questions as: where the first Ukrainian newspaper was published. The deficiency of unified methodological approach to problems under investigation is clarified. It is proved, that the situation in publishing depends on the pluralism, freedom of speech, well-developed party structures. Complex investigation requires not only knowledge in history, but also in economics, management, ...

"In recent years, sociology in Britain -and in national contexts influenced by British sociology- has been diagnosed by various parties as suffering from a wide range of ailments. These forms of selfcriticism become ever more acute in terms of their potential effects as huge transformations in university funding regimes are brought to bear on the social sciences. But none of these critiques engages satisfactorily with what is a much more foundational and serious set of problems, namely the very nature of sociology itself as a historically-situated form of knowledge production. Sociology claims to know the world around it, but in Britain today much sociology seriously fails in this regard, because it operates with radically curtailed understandings of the long-term historical forces which made the social conditions it purports to analyse. A sophisticated understanding of the contemporary world is made possible only by an equally sophisticated understanding of very long-term historical processes, precisely the sort of vision that mainstream British sociology has lacked for at least the last two decades. This paper identifies the reasons for the development of this situation and the consequences it has for the nature of sociology's knowledge production, for its self-understanding, for its claims to comprehend the contemporary world, and for its apparent social "usefulness". A markedly more selfaware and historically-sensitive sociology is proposed as the answer to the pressing question of what aspects of sociology should be defended in the turbulent context of British higher education today." (author's abstract)

In the modern world popular media personalities are becoming the role models for teenagers. Adolescents build parasocial relationships with them and then try to imitate the stale behavior of those media personalities. We do not know for sure which media personalities modern children choose to follow. We also do not know exactly how imitation takes place in parasocial relationships. That is why we set ourselves the goal to investigate the implementation of the mechanism of imitation in parasocial relations of Ukrainian high school students.
In November-December 2020, we surveyed 170 people from 11 regions of Ukraine according to the author's questionnaire "Mechanisms of Parasociality" (Chaplinska-Naidenova). The study raised the question of the formation and functioning of parasocial relations. This article presents its results related to the manifestation of the mechanism of imitation at the level of frequency analysis.
First of all, we found that the most popular types of media people among young people are musicians (31.8 %), bloggers (26.5 %), actors (11.8 %), cartoon characters (5.9 %) and heroes of the series (2.9 %). Secondly, we can state the fact that adolescents do choose the media persona as a role model (64.7 %). Third, imitation can be individual or collective (group). Lastly, the parasocial imitation is based on the child's desire not only to self-identify, but also to take a status position in the reference group through demonstrations of behavior patterns of a successful model (media personalities).
We see the limitations of our study in the fact that issues related to imitation are purely assertive and external in nature and do not reflect differences in the internal experiences or values of respondents under the influence of parasocial relations. We see further perspectives in the study of illusory mechanisms of parasociality.