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This study aimed to identify Media Speeches of President George W. Bush in the Second Gulf War during the Gulf Crisis beginning with the invasion of Kuwait on August 2nd and ending with the issuance of the Security Council resolution number 678 accepting the cease fire in March 1991. The study focuses on the objectives of U.S. policy in the second Gulf War as it came in. American media Speeches to President George Bush, and also focus on the content of American media Speeches to president during the Gulf War II, and the target audience, and its influence in winning the battle. This study relied on the descriptive and analytical approach to study the content of the speeches of President George W. Bush in the Gulf War II. The study population consisted of all speeches and the televised Broadcast and published issued by the United States Information Agency in Arabic and English. The study concluded the following results: 1. American media Speeches targeted to President Bush on all fronts of civil, military, and political. 2. Achieved American media Speeches to President George Bush succeeded in winning the war and shows through the ability to explain U.S. policies and the creation of ears, and fertile land, and building confidence in the international coalition, and to maintain cohesion, access to financial support, and economic, military, and humanitarian to more than thirty Arab and international, and Islamic.

Journalists' professional roles entail an important research area, which enhances knowledge on journalism's attempted impact on political and democratic life. Journalism scholars, however, tend not to study journalistic professional roles from its impact on news content but focus on journalists' conception of their role concluding that the way journalists conceive of their role will eventually shape the stories they produce. Hence, the link between role conception and role performance (i.e., its impact on news) has caught more attention as a justification of research interest than as loci of empirical examination. This conceptual paper revisits this assumption, arguing for an indepth discussion of what the concept of professional role entails to understand its manifestation in news. As journalistic performance must be considered a collective outcome, this article addresses the concept of professional role from its relationship to structural characteristics of media work. Our approach suggests a media sociology conceptualization of professional roles that takes into consideration the gatekeeping context, and most importantly the organizational and societal levels, when analyzing professional roles of journalists.

International audience This article aims at giving an overview about the four main collections of problems and studies that have structured over the last four decades what could be called the French school of rural sociology: from the rural exodus to the "rural renaissance"; the question of social change and innovation in agriculture; the working conditions, living conditions, professions in agriculture, and the alternative initiatives and paths away from productivism; politics and organisations in agriculture. In the last section, perspectives to understand splintering and coexistence of new forms of production organisation and agricultural trade in a context of globalisation are formulated.

International audience ; This article aims at giving an overview about the four main collections of problems and studies that have structured over the last four decades what could be called the French school of rural sociology: from the rural exodus to the "rural renaissance"; the question of social change and innovation in agriculture; the working conditions, living conditions, professions in agriculture, and the alternative initiatives and paths away from productivism; politics and organisations in agriculture. In the last section, perspectives to understand splintering and coexistence of new forms of production organisation and agricultural trade in a context of globalisation are formulated.

Journalists' professional roles entail an important research area, which enhances knowledge on journalism's attempted impact on political and democratic life. Journalism scholars, however, tend not to study journalistic professional roles from its impact on news content but focus on journalists' conception of their role concluding that the way journalists conceive of their role will eventually shape the stories they produce. Hence, the link between role conception and role performance (i.e., its impact on news) has caught more attention as a justification of research interest than as loci of empirical examination. This conceptual paper revisits this assumption, arguing for an indepth discussion of what the concept of professional role entails to understand its manifestation in news. As journalistic performance must be considered a collective outcome, this article addresses the concept of professional role from its relationship to structural characteristics of media work. Our approach suggests a media sociology conceptualization of professional roles that takes into consideration the gatekeeping context, and most importantly the organizational and societal levels, when analyzing professional roles of journalists.

Today, Spain is an advanced country in the field of sport for people with disabilities. Thanks to social movement led by National Blind Organization (ONCE) since the mid-80s, the Paralympic Games in Barcelona in 1992, the birth of the Spanish Paralympic Committee in 1995 and the Paralympic Sport Support Plan (ADOP) by the Government, Spain is a Paralympic power and many athletes with disabilities are socially known and admired people. However, there are yet situations of social and economic discrimination. Surely the media have powerfully influenced for improve the image of these athletes with disabilities, but still they use to give the sport for people with disabilities much less coverage than they give to other sports. From a sociological point of view, the study of sport is consolidating as a scientific area and in recent decades it has highlighted the connections between sport and society in various fields. In particular, sport for people with disabilities has become one of the areas that has evolved, especially in relation to their physical, psychological and social benefits. However, the study area relating adapted sports and mass communication is poorly developed in Spain and the references are still sporadic. The aim of this article is to show the current state of studies on sport for people with disabilities from the point of view of sociology and communication sciences in Spain, as well as the relevance of deepening these studies to achieve understanding and, as far as possible, improve the situation of these people. ; Hoje, a Espanha é um país avançado no campo do esporte para pessoas com deficiência. Graças ao movimento social liderado pela Organização Nacional das Cegas (ONCE) desde meados dos anos 80, os Jogos Paraolímpicos de Barcelona em 1992, o nascimento do Comitê Paralímpico Espanhol em 1995 e o Plano Paralímpico de Apoio Esportivo (ADOP) pelo Governo, a Espanha é um poder paraolímpico e muitos atletas com deficiência são pessoas socialmente conhecidas e admiradas. No entanto, existem ainda situações de discriminação social e econômica. Certamente, a mídia influenciou poderosamente para melhorar a imagem desses atletas com deficiência, mas ainda assim eles usam para dar ao esporte para pessoas com deficiência muito menos cobertura do que dão a outros esportes. Do ponto de vista sociológico, o estudo do esporte está se consolidando como uma área científica e, nas últimas décadas, destacou as conexões entre esporte e sociedade em vários campos. Em particular, o esporte para pessoas com deficiência tornou-se uma das áreas que evoluiu, especialmente em relação aos seus benefícios físicos, psicológicos e sociais. No entanto, a área de estudo relativa aos esportes adaptados e comunicação de massa é pouco desenvolvida em Espanha e as referências ainda são esporádicas. O objetivo deste artigo é mostrar o estado atual dos estudos sobre o esporte para pessoas com deficiência do ponto de vista da sociologia e das ciências da comunicação em Espanha, bem como a relevância do aprofundamento desses estudos para alcançar a compreensão e, na medida do possível, melhorar a situação dessas pessoas.

'An essential student-friendly text for Education Studies.' Dr Gillian Forrester, Subject Head for Education & Early Childhood Studies, Liverpool John Moores University 'Introducing students to the complexities of Education Studies is a difficult task and this book will go a long way to making it easier. I will definitely be recommending this to all my students.' Kevin Brain, Programme Leader, Education Studies, Leeds Trinity University This textbook explains the basic principles of sociology and relates these concepts to today's society and education system in order to deepen your understanding of how these issues affect our lives and the world we live in, encouraging you to think critically and to develop a 'sociological imagination'. Coverage includes: the wider political and economic context for education in the UK, including an analysis of the reforms of the 2010 coalition government childhood, schooling and pupil voice non-traditional consideration of critical pedagogy, 'race' and gender the role of education in a multicultural society inequalities in educational opportunity in terms of class, ethnicity and disability. This is essential reading for students on undergraduate Education Studies degrees, and for sociology courses covering educational issues.

International audience ; The nature of French audiovisual sector is determined by a layering of policies, created at various periods of time. A public policy system has been continuously developed and adapted since the 1950s, mostly focusing on the support to and defence of the artistic and moral quality of film and television programmes. This institutional system has relied on 'qualified personalities' emanating from diverse sectors such as cinema, television, arts, culture, education, administration and the political world. The chapter presents a sociological analysis of the French model matrix. It focuses on the revolving-door system and the policy-making personnel that have enforced a stable regulatory frame for audiovisual industries. The rise of digital operators and executives – more internationalised and engineering-solution oriented – is currently destabilising this ecosystem. There is an important generational, cultural, ideological and linguistic gap between the French 'Media government' and the management teams of the new players.

International audience ; The nature of French audiovisual sector is determined by a layering of policies, created at various periods of time. A public policy system has been continuously developed and adapted since the 1950s, mostly focusing on the support to and defence of the artistic and moral quality of film and television programmes. This institutional system has relied on 'qualified personalities' emanating from diverse sectors such as cinema, television, arts, culture, education, administration and the political world. The chapter presents a sociological analysis of the French model matrix. It focuses on the revolving-door system and the policy-making personnel that have enforced a stable regulatory frame for audiovisual industries. The rise of digital operators and executives – more internationalised and engineering-solution oriented – is currently destabilising this ecosystem. There is an important generational, cultural, ideological and linguistic gap between the French 'Media government' and the management teams of the new players.

In a footnote to Ernest Gellner's theories on relativism (eg, 1985 & 1987), an objectivist defense of the social sciences is offered on the basis of theories that are successful according to Karl Popper's standards. Contemporary relativism & skepticism about the ability of the social sciences to produce objective or true theories arise out of Thomas Kuhn's (1962) work. It is argued that a good theory offers statements describing the necessary & sufficient conditions for the explanation of a phenomenon. Further, the nonempirical elements of this theory should be acceptable. These criteria are met by any number of social scientific theories, eg, Alexis de Tocqueville's discussion of why religion flourishes in the US. The interpretive elements integral to social scientific theories are discussed in relation to the example of the theories of the origins of modernity. The growth of social scientific knowledge offers reason to be optimistic about the theoretical successes of sociology. 28 References. H. von Rautenfeld

While sociology has historically not been a good interlocutor of war, this paper argues that the body has always known war, and that it is to the corporeal that we can turn in an attempt to develop a language to better speak of its myriad violences and its socially generative force. It argues that war is a crucible of social change that is prosecuted, lived and reproduced via the occupation and transformation of myriad bodies in numerous ways from exhilaration to mutilation. War and militarism need to be traced and analysed in terms of their fundamental, diverse and often brutal modes of embodied experience and apprehension. This paper thus invites sociology to extend its imaginative horizon to rethink the crucial and enduring social institution of war as a broad array of fundamentally embodied experiences, practices and regimes.

"This paper attempts to examine the development of sociology of work in India. It will lay greater stress on current research and will try to assess the discipline's position in academia and other fields. A brief background on the nature of Indian society, the process of industrialization in India and the subsequent emergence of studies relating to work will help in understanding the changing nature of the studies. This paper will concentrate mainly on researches related to the urban-industrial sector." (excerpt)

From fox-hunting to farming, the vigour with which rural activities and living are defended overturns received notions of a sleepy and complacent countryside. Alongside these developments, the rise of the organic food movement has helped to revitalize an already politicized rural population. Over the years 'rural life' has been defined, redefined and eventually fallen out of fashion as a sociological concept - in contrast to urban studies, which has flourished. This much-needed reappraisal calls for its reinterpretation in light of the profound changes affecting the countryside. First providing an overview of rural sociology, Hillyard goes on to offer contemporary case studies that clearly demonstrate the need for a reinvigorated rural sociology. Tackling a range of contentious issues, this book offers a new model for rural sociology and reassesses its role in contemporary society.Providing an overview of rural sociology, this title calls for the reinterpretation of rural life in light of the profound changes affecting the countryside. It offers case studies that demonstrate the need for a reinvigorated rural sociology. Tackling contentious issues, it presents a model for rural sociology and assesses its role in society.Sam Hillyard is Lecturer in Sociology, School of Applied Social Sciences, Durham University.

Includes bibliographical references and index. ; v. 1., pt. 1: The data of sociology. pt. 2: The inductions of sociology. pt. 3: The domestic relations -- v. 2. pt. 4: Ceremonial institutions. pt. 5: Political institutions. ; Mode of access: Internet.

Vols. I-II: Authorized ed. ; "References" at end of each volume. ; I. The data of sociology. The inductions of sociology. Domestic institutions. 1901.--II. Ceremonial institutions. Political institutions. 1900.--III. Ecclesiastical institutions. Professional institutions. Industrial institutions. 1900. ; Mode of access: Internet.